Golam Kibria - Böcker

Subsurface investigation is the most important phase of any civil engineering construction or development activities. The geologic conditions can be extremely complex, variable, and subject to change with time; soil test borings and in-situ tests are employed to obtain subsoil information. Resistivity Imaging (RI) is a non-destructive, fast and cost-effective method of site investigation and soil characterization.Site Investigation using Resistivity Imaging aims to summarize pertinent details of RI in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. It aims to bridge the gap that currently exists between the geotechnical/geo-environmental and geophysical engineering community. The geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers will be able to use annd understand geophysical data and utilize the information for their design. Features:First comprehensive handbook aimed at engineers that summarises pertinent details of Resitivity Imaging (RI) in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications.for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, making it possible to interpret geophysical data and utilize the information for their design.explanining the advantages of RI over conventional site investigations: continuous image, large coverage, low cost, quick and easy data processing.It will be a comprehensive handbook for the application of RI in geotechnical and geo-environmental site investigations.

Landslides and slope failure are common in the US and rest of the world. The landslides cause significant damage to infrastructure and millions of dollars are required each year to fix the slope. A sustainable and costeffective option to stabilise the slope can have significant benefits, as it will reduce the cost of maintenance and when using recycled pins, it may help the environment at the same time. The recycled plastic pin is made from recycled plastic bottles and other plastic waste. Several demonstration projects already proved the effectiveness of RPP as an alternative option to fix slope failure, with a maximum failure depth of 7-8 ft. In this book, every detail of the slope stabilisation technique using recycled plastic pins, including the design techniques and several case studies, are included. This will help to explain the basics of this important technique and will be used as reference to design the slope stabilisation scheme using recycled plastic pins.

Subsurface investigation is the most important phase of any civil engineering construction or development activities. The geologic conditions can be extremely complex, variable, and subject to change with time; soil test borings and in-situ tests are employed to obtain subsoil information. Resistivity Imaging (RI) is a non-destructive, fast and cost-effective method of site investigation and soil characterization.Site Investigation using Resistivity Imaging aims to summarize pertinent details of RI in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. It aims to bridge the gap that currently exists between the geotechnical/geo-environmental and geophysical engineering community. The geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers will be able to use annd understand geophysical data and utilize the information for their design. Features:First comprehensive handbook aimed at engineers that summarises pertinent details of Resitivity Imaging (RI) in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications.for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, making it possible to interpret geophysical data and utilize the information for their design.explanining the advantages of RI over conventional site investigations: continuous image, large coverage, low cost, quick and easy data processing.It will be a comprehensive handbook for the application of RI in geotechnical and geo-environmental site investigations.

Landslides and slope failure are common in the US and rest of the world. The landslides cause significant damage to infrastructure and millions of dollars are required each year to fix the slope. A sustainable and costeffective option to stabilise the slope can have significant benefits, as it will reduce the cost of maintenance and when using recycled pins, it may help the environment at the same time. The recycled plastic pin is made from recycled plastic bottles and other plastic waste. Several demonstration projects already proved the effectiveness of RPP as an alternative option to fix slope failure, with a maximum failure depth of 7-8 ft. In this book, every detail of the slope stabilisation technique using recycled plastic pins, including the design techniques and several case studies, are included. This will help to explain the basics of this important technique and will be used as reference to design the slope stabilisation scheme using recycled plastic pins.

HYBRID MICROMACHINING and MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES The book aims to provide a thorough understanding of numerous advanced hybrid micromachining and microfabrication techniques as well as future directions, providing researchers and engineers who work in hybrid micromachining with a much-appreciated orientation. The book is dedicated to advanced hybrid micromachining and microfabrication technologies by detailing principals, techniques, processes, conditions, research advances, research challenges, and opportunities for various types of advanced hybrid micromachining and microfabrication. It discusses the mechanisms of material removal supported by experimental validation. Constructional features of hybrid micromachining setup suitable for industrial micromachining applications are explained. Separate chapters are devoted to different advanced hybrid micromachining and microfabrication to design and development of micro-tools, which is one of the most vital components in advanced hybrid micromachining, and which can also be used for various micro and nano applications. Power supply, and other major factors which influence advanced hybrid micromachining processes, are covered and research findings concerning the improvement of machining accuracy and efficiency are reported.

Bridging the gap between the need for micro elements and the profitable microfabrication of goods, this new book provides an informative overview of the electro-micromachining and microfabrication processes, varieties, and important applications. Opening with an overview of a variety of micromachining technologies, with an emphasis on nontraditional approaches and recent advances in each, the volume discusses the ultrasonic micromachining processes for producing a variety of micro-shapes, such as micro-holes, micro-slots, and micro-walls, as well as assisted hybrid micromachining with ultrasonic vibration of the tool or workpiece, all which help to improve precision and to advance research. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing dental micromachining technologies are discussed. Micro-electrical discharge machining, laser micro grooving, and laser micromachining are among the advanced micro-manufacturing processes addressed as well. The volume also covers the use of an electrochemical micromachining method to improve micro texturing and the use of nano-additives to enhance MQL and micromachining process optimization.

This book presents a complete coverage of micromachining processes from their basic material removal phenomena to past and recent research carried by a number of researchers worldwide. Chapters on effective utilization of material resources, improved efficiency, reliability, durability, and cost effectiveness of the products are presented. This book provides the reader with new and recent developments in the field of micromachining and microfabrication of engineering materials.

This book presents a complete coverage of micromachining processes from their basic material removal phenomena to past and recent research carried by a number of researchers worldwide. This book provides the reader with new and recent developments in the field of micromachining and microfabrication of engineering materials.

The textbook Climate Change and Agricultural Food Production: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Remedies provides an extensive overview of the effects of climate change on all sectors of agricultural food production, including agriculture, livestock, and fisheries. It also covers food contamination and food safety, including microbial pathogens, toxic biological, and toxic chemical contaminants, as well as food security and measures to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change on these sectors. The book presents information from research results and data from around the world, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, North America, the Polar Regions, and Small Island Nations. It has been designed as a textbook, reference book, and extension book, and is written in simple and plain English, with key facts, acronyms, and a glossary provided in each chapter, along with tables and figures to benefit a wide range of readers.

The book is an attempt to address the important facts and figures relating to climate change impacts on water security: a. Climate change impacts on water resources; b. Climate change impacts on water related diseases; c. Climate change impacts on water dependent biodiversity and ecosystems; d. Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures for water security; and e. Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions from water sector.Climate change is an additional stress on water security in addition to other chemical and biological stressors.Rivers depending on the Himalayan glaciers (the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra) could face water shortages or reduced river run-off due to retreat of glaciers, and this would cause dramatic impact on drinking water supplies, biodiversity, hydropower generation, industry, agriculture, ecosystems on which about 2.4 billion people in Asia depends.As a consequence of drought, the annual stream flow in the Murray-Darling basin (Australia) is projected to fall by 10-25% by 2050 and 16-48% by 2100 which would have severe consequences on irrigated agriculture in the region.Rise of water temperatures may enhance proliferation of harmful algae (some of algae produce toxins), causing water quality problems for recreational activities, fisheries/fish farming, irrigation, and drinking and seafood contamination with algal toxins.Global warming is projected to increase river water temperatures in a number of countries including the USA (the Mississippi, Colorado, and Mackenzie basins), Europe (the Rhine, Danube, and Rhone basins), eastern China (the Yangtze), and Australia (the Murray-Darling).Sea-level rise (SLR) will cause salinization of coastal groundwater resources, and may damage or destroy many coastal ecosystems including wetlands, salt marshes, and may cause saline water intrusion in agriculture and freshwater aquaculture facilities, a shift in community composition of mangrove forests, etc.It is projected that a 1°C rise of temperature in the future can increase the initial relative risks of cholera by 15 to 29 percent. Both rise of temperature and sea-level may enhance dengue and malaria.To adapt to climate change, we need increasing storage capacity, rainwater harvesting, improvement of water use efficiency, desalination of seawater, water savings, mandatory rainwater tanks in new and old buildings, use of recycled/reclaimed water, virtual water trade, improvements in irrigation efficiency, modification of irrigation techniques, reducing leakage of irrigation pipes, selection of climate resilient crops to save scarcity of water resources.Water processes (abstraction, treatment, end use and wastewater treatment) do emit Greenhouse gases (GHG). In irrigation, pumping of water is the most energy-demanding process and consequently causes more GHG emissions (CO2). Dams/reservoirs emit GHGs such as methane.The most effective way to decrease carbon footprint in water sectors is to use low carbon emitting fuels such as, renewable energy (solar, wind or nuclear). Ecological toilet may be promoted to reduce GHG emissions from septic tanks in developing countries.Stopping or slowing deforestation, forest degradation and sustainable management of forests may significantly contribute to avoid GHG emissions, may conserve water resources and prevent flooding, reduce run-off, control erosion, reduce siltation of rivers, and protect fisheries and preserve biodiversity.Mangrove ecosystems can play an important role in the protection of the coast from the natural disasters (cyclones, tsunamis) and could act as a barrier (live seawalls) against disasters and help minimize damage to property and life.

The book Climate Change and Chemicals - Environmental and Biological Aspects has addressed the two key environmental issues : climate change and chemical impacts on human health, environment and agricultural production with reference to chemistry, Ecotoxicology, toxicology, and biology. The book reviewed and summarised research results and information from both developed and developing countries including Asia-Pacific, Australasia and other parts of the world. Part-1 of the book Climate Change Impacts provides an account of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) and its relationships with climate change and likely impacts on water resources, agriculture and livestock, fisheries and aquatic ecosystems and human health. The key data and information provided in Part-1 are as follows: Climate change and greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide emissions from different countries of the world; measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions including key mitigation technologies; and projections for future climate changes (temperatures and sea levels; precipitation; glaciers and cyclones) and Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen Accord (COP 15). Water resources: World freshwater resources and projections for future climate change impacts on water resources (surface waters; floods and droughts; ground water; water quality; snows and glaciers melting; sea level rise; shared water resources) and adaptation measures. Agriculture and livestock : Future worlds agricultural and livestock production relating to climate changes (enhanced CO2 effect on C3 and C4 plants/crops; effects of higher temperature; precipitation, water availability, irrigation; extreme events and climate variability; sea level rise; and pests and diseases) and adaptation measures. Fisheries and aquatic ecosystems : Effects of climate change on world fisheries and aquaculture production and projected impacts on freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems (rising temperatures, dissolved oxygen and hypoxia; toxicological effects of contaminants; rising CO2 and acidification of oceans; rising temperatures and fish growth and fish recruitment) and adaptation measures. Human health : Observed climate change related health effects in the world; Projected impacts of climate change on human health (heat waves; ultra violet radiation; floods and storms; drought; forest fire; El Niño; diseases malaria, dengue, cholera; food poisoning and aeroallergens) and adaptation measures. Part-2 of the book Chemical Impacts highlights the impact of arsenic, heavy metals, pesticides, dioxins, endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary drugs) and freshwater and marine biotoxins. The key data and information provided in Part-2 are as follows: Arsenic (As) : Arsenic contamination in the global environment; arsenic speciation; environmental and biological impacts (toxicity of arsenic to biota, plants and human; environmental and food safety guidelines for arsenic) and arsenic contamination in Bangladesh. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn) :- Physico-chemical properties; speciation; bio-availability and bio-uptake, environmental and biological impacts (bio-accumulation; toxicity on aquatic organisms and human health; water and food quality guidelines), global trends in heavy metals in road dusts. Pesticides : insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, their chemical classes, and chemical properties (half-life, water solubility, Koc, Log Kow, pKa), pesticide usage in Asia, Australia and in the world, physico-chemical properties (bio-accumulation; persistence; mobility; mode of action), environmental and biological impacts (toxicity and ecotoxicity for mammals, birds, fish, daphnia, algae and bees), effects on biota and human health, pesticides residue in human breast milk from developed and developing countries. Dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs) and PCBs : Physico-chemical properties (persistence; bio-accumulation; mode of action; toxicity and toxic equivalent factors for mammals, birds and fish), environmental and biological impacts (global environmental concentrations in the air, soil, sediments, vegetation, food, human women milk; effects on biota and human health; guidelines), dioxins related compounds in the Asia-Pacific and Australia region (e-waste recycling sites, human breast milk and agriculture produce). Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) : (Estrone; 17b-estradiol; 17a-ethynylestradiol; estriol; nonylphenol; octylphenol; bisphenol-A; phthalates; tributyltin) - physico-chemical properties and fate and transport; environmental and biological impacts (EDCs in worlds environment surface waters, sediments, groundwater, rainwater, biota, drinking water; ecotoxicity and toxicity of EDCs; ; effects on biota and humans health; drinking and water quality guidelines), endocrine disrupting chemicals in Asian mussels, USA streams and Australian rural environment. Pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary) : Classification; usage; physico-chemical properties (fate; persistence; excretion), environmental risk assessment; environmental and biological impacts (concentrations in worlds environmental waters WWTPs, surface waters, groundwater, and drinking water); ecotoxciological effects on biota; effects on human health; environmental water quality guideline and management of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Biotoxins (freshwater and marine) : freshwater biotoxins (anatoxin-a; anatoxin-a(s); saxitoxins; microcystins; nodularins; cylindrospermopsin): conditions for algal blooms; cyanobacteria species; physico-chemical characteristics of cyanotoxins (chemical nature; persistence and degradation), environmental and biological impacts (cyantoxins from surface waters of the world; bio-accumulation; effects of cyanotoxins on terrestrial plants, biota, drinking water, mammals and human; species causing off-flavour compounds; regulations and guidelines for cyanotoxins); marine biotoxins: amnesic shellfish poisoning (domoic acid); diarrhetic shell fish poisoning(okadaic acid); neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (brevitoxins); paralytic shellfish poisoning (saxitoxins); ciguatera fish poisoning (ciguatoxins), toxic marine algal species; chemical nature; toxicity to aquatic organisms and human; cases and outbreak in the world; preventive measures and regulatory limits of marine biotoxins. The book would be beneficial to academic and research institutes and university students (under-graduates and post-graduates), agriculturists, bio-medical scientists, chemists, chemical/hydro-engineers, ecotoxicologists, environmental scientists, fisheries biologists, health professionals, hydro-geologists, water and public health scientists, and government planners, regulators and environmental campaigners.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of micro electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes, including hybrid processes.

This book bridges the gap between the demand for micro-featured components on the one hand, and successful micromachining of miniature products on the other. In addition to covering micromachining in the broader sense, it specifically addresses novel machining strategies implemented in various advanced micromachining processes to improve machining accuracy, energy consumption, component durability, and miniature-scale applicability. The book’s main goal is to present the capabilities of advanced micromachining processes in terms of miniature product manufacturing by highlighting various innovative machining strategies that can be used to augment the production scale and precision alike.