Hemantkumar N. Akolkar – författare

The intersection of nanotechnology and sustainable engineering has given rise to increased interest in biogenic approaches, such as the use of natural biological processes to create metal nanomaterials. This new volume provides an exploration of biogenic metal nanomaterials, from their synthesis and characterization to their diverse applications in sustainable engineering. Detailed discussions on structural, chemical, and surface characterization provide the tools needed to analyze and optimize biogenic nanomaterials for practical applications such as for environmental remediation, energy storage, catalysis, biomedical, and other uses. Case studies and real-world examples illustrate how these materials are being used to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. The book also considers regulatory and safety issues.

The intersection of nanotechnology and sustainable engineering has given rise to increased interest in biogenic approaches, such as the use of natural biological processes to create metal nanomaterials. This new volume provides an exploration of biogenic metal nanomaterials, from their synthesis and characterization to their diverse applications in sustainable engineering. Detailed discussions on structural, chemical, and surface characterization provide the tools needed to analyze and optimize biogenic nanomaterials for practical applications such as for environmental remediation, energy storage, catalysis, biomedical, and other uses. Case studies and real-world examples illustrate how these materials are being used to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. The book also considers regulatory and safety issues.

The intersection of nanotechnology and sustainable engineering has given rise to increased interest in biogenic approaches, such as the use of natural biological processes to create metal nanomaterials. This new volume provides an exploration of biogenic metal nanomaterials, from their synthesis and characterization to their diverse applications in sustainable engineering. Detailed discussions on structural, chemical, and surface characterization provide the tools needed to analyze and optimize biogenic nanomaterials for practical applications such as for environmental remediation, energy storage, catalysis, biomedical, and other uses. Case studies and real-world examples illustrate how these materials are being used to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. The book also considers regulatory and safety issues.

The study of the effects of ultrasound waves on a chemical reaction is known as sonochemistry. Ultrasound radiation (between 20 kHz and 2 MHz) is used to drive chemical and physical processes in solution. When ultrasound waves pass through liquid, they generate tiny bubbles that expand and then collapse quickly. This process releases energy, which can speed up the chemical reactions. Sonochemistry is considered a sustainable technology because it often utilizes less energy, requires fewer toxic chemicals, and generates less waste compared to traditional chemical processes.Ultrasound waves are utilized in various processes including synthesis, crystallization, and purifications and find applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, material sciences, agriculture, food processing, and environment science.This book is focused on applications of sonochemistry. It begins by explaining the basics of the technology and moves on to describing applications in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering, and discussed applications currently being developed and future outlook.

The study of the effects of ultrasound waves on a chemical reaction is known as sonochemistry. Ultrasound radiation (between 20 kHz and 2 MHz) is used to drive chemical and physical processes in solution. When ultrasound waves pass through liquid, they generate tiny bubbles that expand and then collapse quickly. This process releases energy, which can speed up the chemical reactions. Sonochemistry is considered a sustainable technology because it often utilizes less energy, requires fewer toxic chemicals, and generates less waste compared to traditional chemical processes.Ultrasound waves are utilized in various processes including synthesis, crystallization, and purifications and find applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, material sciences, agriculture, food processing, and environment science.This book is focused on applications of sonochemistry. It begins by explaining the basics of the technology and moves on to describing applications in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering, and discussed applications currently being developed and future outlook.

Plastic pollution is a serious global environmental and health concern caused by the excessive use of plastic products and poor management of plastic waste. However, it is a complex issue that requires suitable technologies and effective policies and management strategies. This book describes the current global standard of plastic waste management and explains why and how it should be improved.The book begins with an introduction of the different types of plastic materials and their degradation patterns and explains the impact of plastic pollutants on the environment, the quality of water resources, and on human health. Next, the book describes current solutions for plastic waste management including recycling and toxic reduction methods, moving on to presenting innovative approaches and technologies for plastic waste management. The final chapter discusses future prospects and policy implications.

Desalination technologies help address the world's growing water scarcity problem. Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater and brackish water to make them useable for drinking, irrigation, industrial uses, etc. However, challenges associated with desalination processes persist, including high energy consumption, high costs, and environmental concerns such as brine disposal.This book provides an overview of desalination technologies, their underlying principles and their process and system design and operation. The authors explore advancements in automation,  waste reduction, and other technological innovations in the field of water purification. Environmental impacts related to desalination are also discussed, including the resulting increase in seawater’s salt level, the impact of chemicals and brine discharge, and the contamination by the chemicals used in the process.

Desalination technologies help address the world's growing water scarcity problem. Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater and brackish water to make them useable for drinking, irrigation, industrial uses, etc. However, challenges associated with desalination processes persist, including high energy consumption, high costs, and environmental concerns such as brine disposal.This book provides an overview of desalination technologies, their underlying principles and their process and system design and operation. The authors explore advancements in automation,  waste reduction, and other technological innovations in the field of water purification. Environmental impacts related to desalination are also discussed, including the resulting increase in seawater’s salt level, the impact of chemicals and brine discharge, and the contamination by the chemicals used in the process.

Ionic liquids are organic salts that are typically in liquid phase when their temperature is below 100 °C (212 °F). They are nonflammable and have very low vapor pressure, which make them environmentally friendly alternative to organic solvents. Chemical reactions with ionic liquids can be more efficient, results in less waste and pollution, lower energy consumption, safer manufacturing processes, and reduced resource usage.This book is focused on ionic liquids and their applications. The book begins by introducing ionic liquids, their structure and properties and their synthesis and characterization methods, next, synthesis methods with ionic liquids are reviewed, and then their industrial applications in various fields and finally emerging developments in the area.

Ionic liquids are organic salts that are typically in liquid phase when their temperature is below 100 (deg)C (212 (deg)F). They are nonflammable and have very low vapor pressure, which make them environmentally friendly alternative to organic solvents. Chemical reactions with ionic liquids can be more efficient, results in less waste and pollution, lower energy consumption, safer manufacturing processes, and reduced resource usage.This book is focused on ionic liquids and their applications. The book begins by introducing ionic liquids, their structure and properties and their synthesis and characterization methods, next, synthesis methods with ionic liquids are reviewed, and then their industrial applications in various fields and finally emerging developments in the area.

Microalgae, such as algae and cyanobacteria, which are cultivated for their biomass and are rich in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, can be used as a renewable energy source. Seeking to mitigate climate change and ensuring energy security, this approach provides several advantages, including being carbon neutral, requiring low water usage, and having high oil content. However, challenges persist, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, biomass harvesting, conversion efficiency, water management, and land use competition with food crops.This book describes the development of a production method of bioenergy from microalgal biomass, and examines the entire process development, from strain improvement and cultivation optimization, through the conversion process, and systems integration. The book delves into related technologies, including catalytic conversion, separation and purification techniques. The potential of microalgal bioenergy as a sustainable energy source is assessed by considering scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact.

Microalgae, such as algae and cyanobacteria, which are cultivated for their biomass and are rich in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, can be used as a renewable energy source. Seeking to mitigate climate change and ensuring energy security, this approach provides several advantages, including being carbon neutral, requiring low water usage, and having high oil content. However, challenges persist, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, biomass harvesting, conversion efficiency, water management, and land use competition with food crops.This book describes the development of a production method of bioenergy from microalgal biomass, and examines the entire process development, from strain improvement and cultivation optimization, through the conversion process, and systems integration. The book delves into related technologies, including catalytic conversion, separation and purification techniques. The potential of microalgal bioenergy as a sustainable energy source is assessed by considering scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact.

Wastewater treatment is a process that involves the extraction of pollutants, removal of coarse particles, and elimination of toxicants from wastewater with minimum impact on the environment.This book introduces the basic concepts of wastewater treatment and outlines the steps and techniques involved in bringing the wastewater to the required quality standard along with resource recovery. The book is intended for students and professionals who have some knowledge of such concepts as environmental chemistry and fluid mechanics and offers information on wastewater treatment technologies, practical strategies, and relevant examples to gaining basic understanding of the process.

Wastewater treatment is a process that involves the extraction of pollutants, removal of coarse particles, and elimination of toxicants from wastewater with minimum impact on the environment.This book introduces the basic concepts of wastewater treatment and outlines the steps and techniques involved in bringing the wastewater to the required quality standard along with resource recovery. The book is intended for students and professionals who have some knowledge of such concepts as environmental chemistry and fluid mechanics and offers information on wastewater treatment technologies, practical strategies, and relevant examples to gaining basic understanding of the process.

The textile industry is a major environmental polluter. Despite some progress in textile treatment processes and in energy saving, progress is slow, and CO2 emissions continue to rise. In order to better manage the environmental impact of textile treatment processes, it is necessary to understand their principles to be able to improve or replace them with a more environmentally friendly process.This book begins by introducing sustainable practices in the textile industry that are less polluting followed by eco-friendly finishing treatments. Next, the principle of heat and mass transport in fabrics and the practical applications of these theories are explained. Finally emerging environmentally friendly technologies are discussed.

The textile industry is a major environmental polluter. Despite some progress in textile treatment processes and in energy saving, progress is slow, and CO2 emissions continue to rise. In order to better manage the environmental impact of textile treatment processes, it is necessary to understand their principles to be able to improve or replace them with a more environmentally friendly process.This book begins by introducing sustainable practices in the textile industry that are less polluting followed by eco-friendly finishing treatments. Next, the principle of heat and mass transport in fabrics and the practical applications of these theories are explained. Finally emerging environmentally friendly technologies are discussed.

Plastics widespread use and ease of disposal after a single use mean they accumulate rapidly in landfills and the environment, often ending up in wastewater systems. Many of these microplastics are durable and take hundreds of years to degrade. This means that the plastic discarded today will remain in the environment, breaking down into microplastics that can be harmful to wildlife and ecosystems. For this reason, wastewater system pollution caused by microplastics is a complex and multidimensional issue. Effectively managing it requires the use of advanced technologies. This book explores key research topics related to microplastics in wastewater, providing practical solutions to mitigate environmental pollution. The book offers a comprehensive approach to discussing the limitations of current wastewater treatment processes for removing microplastics and suggests complementary treatment methods.The discharge of microplastics in water bodies is gaining global attention. It causes severe pollution, harms the aquatic environment, carries various types of contaminants, and indirectly enters the human body through the food chain. Wastewater system pollution and plastic contamination are global concerns that are closely linked to the policy objectives of governments worldwide. It is crucial to analyze the relationship between water system pollution and public health and adopt practical strategies to prevent health hazards. Continued research on this important topic is also necessary. The book contains information on the occurrence of microplastics in wastewater, their source of entry, and detection methods in samples. It also reports microplastic pollution sources that have a remarkable impact on municipal wastewater quality.This book aims to propose treatment methods for analyzing the shapes, sizes, and composition of microplastics found in wastewater systems. The book delves into the most current scientific findings on emerging microplastic pollutants, emphasizing their potentiality and the dangers they bring. It will also present that microplastics can ease toxic contact with aquatic organisms. The book also reviews the most recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in wastewater treatment plants, aiming to optimize wastewater treatment processes and enhance water quality monitoring.

Plastics widespread use and ease of disposal after a single use mean they accumulate rapidly in landfills and the environment, often ending up in wastewater systems. Many of these microplastics are durable and take hundreds of years to degrade. This means that the plastic discarded today will remain in the environment, breaking down into microplastics that can be harmful to wildlife and ecosystems. For this reason, wastewater system pollution caused by microplastics is a complex and multidimensional issue. Effectively managing it requires the use of advanced technologies. This book explores key research topics related to microplastics in wastewater, providing practical solutions to mitigate environmental pollution. The book offers a comprehensive approach to discussing the limitations of current wastewater treatment processes for removing microplastics and suggests complementary treatment methods.The discharge of microplastics in water bodies is gaining global attention. It causes severe pollution, harms the aquatic environment, carries various types of contaminants, and indirectly enters the human body through the food chain. Wastewater system pollution and plastic contamination are global concerns that are closely linked to the policy objectives of governments worldwide. It is crucial to analyze the relationship between water system pollution and public health and adopt practical strategies to prevent health hazards. Continued research on this important topic is also necessary. The book contains information on the occurrence of microplastics in wastewater, their source of entry, and detection methods in samples. It also reports microplastic pollution sources that have a remarkable impact on municipal wastewater quality.This book aims to propose treatment methods for analyzing the shapes, sizes, and composition of microplastics found in wastewater systems. The book delves into the most current scientific findings on emerging microplastic pollutants, emphasizing their potentiality and the dangers they bring. It will also present that microplastics can ease toxic contact with aquatic organisms. The book also reviews the most recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in wastewater treatment plants, aiming to optimize wastewater treatment processes and enhance water quality monitoring.