Ingyu Oh – författare

The Political Economy of Business Ethics in East Asia: A Historical and Comparative Perspective deals with modes of ethical persuasion in both public and private sectors of the national economy in East Asia, from the periods of the fourteenth century, to the modern era. Authors in this volume ask how, and why, governments in pre-modern Joseon Korea, modern Korea, and modern Japan used moral persuasion of different kinds in designing national economic institutions.

Case studies demonstrate that the concept of modes of exchange first developed by John Lie (1992) provides a more convincing explanation on the evolution of pre-modern and modern economic institutions compared with Marx's modes of production as historically-specific social relations, or Smith's free market as a terminal stage of human economic development.

The pre-modern and modern cases presented in this volume reveal that different modes of exchange have coexisted throughout human history. Furthermore, business ethics or corporate social responsibility is not a purely European economic ideology because manorial, market, entrepreneurial, and mercantilist moral persuasions had widely been used by state rulers and policymakers in East Asia for their programs of advancing dissimilar modes of exchange. In a similar vein, the domination of the market and entrepreneurial modes in the twenty-first century world is also complemented by other competing modes of change, such as state welfarism, public sector economies, and protectionism.

Compares Chinese, Japanese, and Korean business ethics from a comparative and historical context Explores recent theoretical approaches to capitalist development in modern history in non-Western regions Discusses the theoretical usefulness of new institutionalism, modes of exchange, and neoclassical discussions of business ethics Evaluates historical texts in their own languages in its attempt to compare Chinese, Japanese, and Korean business ethics in the pre-modern and modern times

For organisations and management the role of business ethics is of key importance, but to what extent business ethics are actually new or fashionable or universally applicable are interesting questions. Asia has been the site of contests between competing economic and ethical views of how economic norms and institutions are organized. This book examines the evolutionary similarities and differences of institutionalizing business ethics in Asia in a historical context and in comparison to better-explored business ethics literature, both empirically and theoretically. This collection uses both historical and contemporary cases in Japan, Korea and China to show that these countries have tried to balance their traditional business ethics norms and values with those that have been introduced from the West. Underpinning the case studies is the fact that these countries have historically pursued ethical mandates in running private corporations, although corruptive practices were also rampant during different historical periods. The contributions to the book analyse how the theories and models of New Institutionalism and Modes of Exchange fare in their attempts to explain Asian business ethics. As the results indicate, historical methods must accompany any analysis of business ethics. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book compares and contrasts leadership in Japan, South Korea and China, examining the impact of globalization on leadership styles and trends.Presenting some of the most recent findings in leadership studies in these three countries, the collection explores the power relationship between political and business leaders; employer-employee relationships and pro-social behaviour; the measurement of effective leadership; the relationship between leadership and corporate success; the survival of private firms in a tightly controlled or socialist market; and the evolution of leadership styles in the transition from state-owned to semi-private. Although many studies have offered explanations of East Asian economic and corporate success, this book presents empirical evidence to explain the leadership styles in Japan, South Korea and China, and provides a fresh outlook for those studying business and leadership in the region. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

The rapid speed and size of China’s economic expansion growth is well known. Several causes and reasons are commonly given for this performance, now joined by some commentary questioning how sustainable this is in the light of slowing growth rates and the need for different types and forms of growth – knowledge/innovative, services, etc – as well as demographic trends within the global context of trade frictions and finally the ‘3Cs’ of 2020 – coronavirus contagion and containment. This collection of research provides further evidence about China’s performance in terms of the role of business and management and also points to future issues. This is detailed in terms of the key areas relevant to performance, such as culture, change, leadership, innovation and knowledge. The theoretical and practical implications of the work contained herein is also noted as well as some calls for future work in key areas.Inside the Changing Business of China is a significant new contribution to the study of China’s economic growth for researchers, academics and advanced students of international business, management, leadership and innovation.This book was originally published as a special issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.

The rapid speed and size of China’s economic expansion growth is well known. Several causes and reasons are commonly given for this performance, now joined by some commentary questioning how sustainable this is in the light of slowing growth rates and the need for different types and forms of growth – knowledge/innovative, services, etc – as well as demographic trends within the global context of trade frictions and finally the ‘3Cs’ of 2020 – coronavirus contagion and containment. This collection of research provides further evidence about China’s performance in terms of the role of business and management and also points to future issues. This is detailed in terms of the key areas relevant to performance, such as culture, change, leadership, innovation and knowledge. The theoretical and practical implications of the work contained herein is also noted as well as some calls for future work in key areas.Inside the Changing Business of China is a significant new contribution to the study of China’s economic growth for researchers, academics and advanced students of international business, management, leadership and innovation.This book was originally published as a special issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book compares and contrasts leadership in Japan, South Korea and China, examining the impact of globalization on leadership styles and trends.Presenting some of the most recent findings in leadership studies in these three countries, the collection explores the power relationship between political and business leaders; employer-employee relationships and pro-social behaviour; the measurement of effective leadership; the relationship between leadership and corporate success; the survival of private firms in a tightly controlled or socialist market; and the evolution of leadership styles in the transition from state-owned to semi-private. Although many studies have offered explanations of East Asian economic and corporate success, this book presents empirical evidence to explain the leadership styles in Japan, South Korea and China, and provides a fresh outlook for those studying business and leadership in the region. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

In many countries, business practitioners, policy makers, pundits and laypeople want to know how strong China really is in business. In the preceding century, the overall tone of business comments on China was filled with fanfare and ovation. However, despite economic performance and seemingly inexorable growth, some global data in areas such as labour productivity and digital competitiveness, show a different and more nuanced picture. This collection provides a multi-level reality check on the Chinese economy, firm performance and managerial ties. Given that China must transform its economy and business that can pull global talent together to produce high-end technologies for radically innovative products and services, this book proposes two questions. First, can China restructure its economy from a low-cost growth model to a high value-added innovative model without incurring major structural inertia? Second, can Chinese firms outperform competitors in global high value markets without relying on state initiatives, central funding mechanisms and public R&D institutions?This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal, Asia Pacific Business Review.

In many countries, business practitioners, policy makers, pundits and laypeople want to know how strong China really is in business. In the preceding century, the overall tone of business comments on China was filled with fanfare and ovation. However, despite economic performance and seemingly inexorable growth, some global data in areas such as labour productivity and digital competitiveness, show a different and more nuanced picture. This collection provides a multi-level reality check on the Chinese economy, firm performance and managerial ties. Given that China must transform its economy and business that can pull global talent together to produce high-end technologies for radically innovative products and services, this book proposes two questions. First, can China restructure its economy from a low-cost growth model to a high value-added innovative model without incurring major structural inertia? Second, can Chinese firms outperform competitors in global high value markets without relying on state initiatives, central funding mechanisms and public R&D institutions?This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal, Asia Pacific Business Review.

As of 2020 South Korea has 14 firms listed on the global Fortune 500, including Samsung, Hyundai, SK, POSCO and LG. The country along with Japan is also one of the only two countries in Asia that are members of the OECD and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC) simultaneously. Furthermore, Korea boasts of its membership in the seven-country 50-30 Club (countries with a population of more than 50 million and a GDP of $30,000 per capita). However, unlike its official status as one of the most developed economies in the world, it still suffers from the backward struggle between the state and the family firms over the issue of property rights and family successions. The corporate governance issue has damaged the reputation of Korean chaebols (family conglomerates) for many decades as founders, and their families had been imprisoned and/or fined for violating inheritance tax laws and related laws associated with the issue of protecting their family ties. The democratically elected governments in Korea since 1987 have tried to reform the chaebol governance structures to ease asset concentration by family members, although many of those have failed due to corruptive practices between the state and the chaebol. This book spells out the current governance problems within the chaebol, state reform policies and both success and failures of the reforms. It was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

As of 2020 South Korea has 14 firms listed on the global Fortune 500, including Samsung, Hyundai, SK, POSCO and LG. The country along with Japan is also one of the only two countries in Asia that are members of the OECD and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC) simultaneously. Furthermore, Korea boasts of its membership in the seven-country 50-30 Club (countries with a population of more than 50 million and a GDP of $30,000 per capita). However, unlike its official status as one of the most developed economies in the world, it still suffers from the backward struggle between the state and the family firms over the issue of property rights and family successions. The corporate governance issue has damaged the reputation of Korean chaebols (family conglomerates) for many decades as founders, and their families had been imprisoned and/or fined for violating inheritance tax laws and related laws associated with the issue of protecting their family ties. The democratically elected governments in Korea since 1987 have tried to reform the chaebol governance structures to ease asset concentration by family members, although many of those have failed due to corruptive practices between the state and the chaebol. This book spells out the current governance problems within the chaebol, state reform policies and both success and failures of the reforms. It was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book explores the manifold ways that the current confrontations between China and the US, and political tensions within the Special Administrative Region (SAR) has brought Hong Kong to the forefront of emerging political frictions between Beijing and the territory and growing international rivalry between the two powerful nations of the world. Unlike the situation in the post-WWII decades, which witnessed the internationalisation of the Hong Kong economy, this “New Cold War” poses challenges to the SAR’s status as a global city and international financial and business centre. The enactment of the National Security Law and the growing presence of Beijing in regulating the SAR’s domestic affairs triggered strong reactions from many countries. Hong Kong has to bear some of the consequences of measures imposed onto China as a result of current controversies. The shadow of China also raises many eyebrows about the prospects of Hong Kong as a free and liberal city. And the outbreak of COVID-19 and the concomitant interruption to economic flows and the movement of people further complicate the situation. This book will be of great value to students and scholars in the fields such as Economics, Sociology and Asia Pacific studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in the Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book explores the manifold ways that the current confrontations between China and the US, and political tensions within the Special Administrative Region (SAR) has brought Hong Kong to the forefront of emerging political frictions between Beijing and the territory and growing international rivalry between the two powerful nations of the world. Unlike the situation in the post-WWII decades, which witnessed the internationalisation of the Hong Kong economy, this “New Cold War” poses challenges to the SAR’s status as a global city and international financial and business centre. The enactment of the National Security Law and the growing presence of Beijing in regulating the SAR’s domestic affairs triggered strong reactions from many countries. Hong Kong has to bear some of the consequences of measures imposed onto China as a result of current controversies. The shadow of China also raises many eyebrows about the prospects of Hong Kong as a free and liberal city. And the outbreak of COVID-19 and the concomitant interruption to economic flows and the movement of people further complicate the situation. This book will be of great value to students and scholars in the fields such as Economics, Sociology and Asia Pacific studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in the Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book looks at the drivers in the emergence, development and internal and global expansion of Asian e-commerce businesses. It tackles the problems inherent in the globalization strategy of a Japanese financial services firm operating in the e-commerce sector.The business world has been transformed by information technology and online companies, which benefitted during the Covid-19 pandemic, unlike the traditional retail sector of the economy. The well-known Amazon has seen the emergence of Asian alternatives, Alibaba from China and Coupang from South Korea, both of which have the transnational venture capital firm SoftBank of Japan as a large share owner. This book explores performance and potential in e-commerce and fin-tech, internationalisation strategies, governance problems associated with foreign corporations in South Korea and anti-monopoly drive aimed at China’s tech giants. Diverse topics are covered, including the results, impacts and implications of US stock exchange listings, liability of foreignness, dual-class structure and importance of corporate governance and social responsibility signalling and messaging. The chapters also cover local and global expansion — takeovers, mergers and acquisitions, such as Lazada for the South East Asian market and levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, SoftBank is used as an example of individual and collective entrepreneurial learning in the case of SoftBank Academia.The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.

This book looks at the drivers in the emergence, development and internal and global expansion of Asian e-commerce businesses. It tackles the problems inherent in the globalization strategy of a Japanese financial services firm operating in the e-commerce sector.The business world has been transformed by information technology and online companies, which benefitted during the Covid-19 pandemic, unlike the traditional retail sector of the economy. The well-known Amazon has seen the emergence of Asian alternatives, Alibaba from China and Coupang from South Korea, both of which have the transnational venture capital firm SoftBank of Japan as a large share owner. This book explores performance and potential in e-commerce and fin-tech, internationalisation strategies, governance problems associated with foreign corporations in South Korea and anti-monopoly drive aimed at China’s tech giants. Diverse topics are covered, including the results, impacts and implications of US stock exchange listings, liability of foreignness, dual-class structure and importance of corporate governance and social responsibility signalling and messaging. The chapters also cover local and global expansion — takeovers, mergers and acquisitions, such as Lazada for the South East Asian market and levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, SoftBank is used as an example of individual and collective entrepreneurial learning in the case of SoftBank Academia.The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.

For organisations and management the role of business ethics is of key importance, but to what extent business ethics are actually new or fashionable or universally applicable are interesting questions. Asia has been the site of contests between competing economic and ethical views of how economic norms and institutions are organized. This book examines the evolutionary similarities and differences of institutionalizing business ethics in Asia in a historical context and in comparison to better-explored business ethics literature, both empirically and theoretically. This collection uses both historical and contemporary cases in Japan, Korea and China to show that these countries have tried to balance their traditional business ethics norms and values with those that have been introduced from the West. Underpinning the case studies is the fact that these countries have historically pursued ethical mandates in running private corporations, although corruptive practices were also rampant during different historical periods. The contributions to the book analyse how the theories and models of New Institutionalism and Modes of Exchange fare in their attempts to explain Asian business ethics. As the results indicate, historical methods must accompany any analysis of business ethics. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

First published in 1999, this book explores the question of is the business organisation a result of efficiency or is it a result of a state-business organisation a result of a state-business interaction? This question being in the context of the Korean chaebol system and the Japanese Keiretsu system; this book explores the political and economic growth and then the following down fall of these systems occurred without rupturing either country’s state policy regarding the chaebol or the keiretsu.