Jan Hartman – författare

Det vetenskapliga arbetet och dess resultat blir alltmer betydelsefulla i det moderna samhället. Kraven som ställs på vetenskapliga undersökningar blir därmed högre. De som gör vetenskapliga undersökningar måste därför ha en större insikt i det vetenskapliga tänkande som ligger till grund för deras arbete. Denna bok visar på vilka kunskapsteoretiska och metafysiska grunder det vetenskapliga tänkandet vilar. Med utgångspunkt i klassisk normativ kunskapsteori, som behandlar vardaglig kunskap, diskuteras olika uppfattningar om hur man skall bedriva vetenskap, och vilka anspråk vetenskapen kan ha på sanning och rationalitet inom de positivistiska och hermeneutiska vetenskaperna. Vidare diskuteras kvantitativ och kvalitativ metodteori, med avsikt att visa hur dessa metoder kan förstås med hänvisning till vetenskapsteorin.I denna andra upplaga har avsnitten om hermeneutik och kvalitativa metoder fått större utrymme, liksom avsnitt som behandlar olika konstruktionistiska ansatser inom forskning. Boken har dessutom kompletterats med ett namn- och sakregister.Boken vänder sig främst till studerande inom humanistiska, samhälls- och beteendevetenskapliga ämnen, men även till dem som studerar hälso- och naturvetenskapliga ämnen. Den kan både användas på grundnivån vid universitet och högskola, och som fördjupning vid forskarutbildningar. Den kan även läsas av dem som är intresserade av filosofisk kunskaps- och vetenskapsteori.

Rediscovering Grounded Theory is a bold re-evaluation of the origins of grounded theory, a philosophical clarification of its key ideas and a presentation of the most effective way to use its techniques in your research.

It answers questions such as 'What should grounded theory look like?', 'How do I recognise grounded theory?' and 'How do I produce good grounded theory?' by returning to the original ideas as they were presented by Glaser and Strauss.

Sharp, clear and thought-provoking, the book includes:

- Detailed analysis of the current literature

- Exemplar sections filled with detailed, real world examples and applications

- A detailed glossary

It will provide you with a grasp of what a grounded theory should look like, take you through the process of building a grounded theory and then explain best practice for critically evaluating the quality of grounded theory research.

Rediscovering Grounded Theory is a bold re-evaluation of the origins of grounded theory, a philosophical clarification of its key ideas and a presentation of the most effective way to use its techniques in your research.

It answers questions such as ′What should grounded theory look like?′, ′How do I recognise grounded theory?′ and ′How do I produce good grounded theory?′ by returning to the original ideas as they were presented by Glaser and Strauss.

Sharp, clear and thought-provoking, the book includes:

- Detailed analysis of the current literature

- Exemplar sections filled with detailed, real world examples and applications

- A detailed glossary

It will provide you with a grasp of what a grounded theory should look like, take you through the process of building a grounded theory and then explain best practice for critically evaluating the quality of grounded theory research.

The organic farming revolution that has swept the country over the past decades can trace much of its origins with the Maine Organic Farmers and Growers Association, which will be celebrating 50 years in 2021. Reviewing the high and low points of the past half-century and looking forward to new challenges and opportunities, the book presents a collection of essays by prominent individual in MOFGA’s rise and evolution as well as important voices in the national discussion about sustainability, food resources, soil preservation, young farming, and the intersection of organic farming and human health.

This book, in the form of a classical philosophical treatise, presents a large-scale theoretical project: It uses a metaphilosophical perspective to present the framework for postmetaphysical thinking, situating it in the domain of the metaphysics of morality. It offers an innovative defence of scepticism based on a critical and radical analysis of the concepts of knowledge and truth. Metaphysical and transcendental traditions are deconstructed, mainly in relation to the paradoxes of so-called realism and idealism, which are the consequence of dependence on an archaic substance theory. Moreover, the book proposes a certain form of philosophising in spite of everything, i.e. within a sceptical approach. The critique of ethics leads to an a-ethical concept of the will and the values of life.

This book reconstructs the history of skepticism ranging from ancient to contemporary times, from Pyrrho to Kripke. The main skeptical stances and the historical reconstruction of the concept of skepticism are connected with an analysis of their recurrent inconsistency. The author reveals that this inconsistency is not a logical contradiction but a pragmatic one. She shows that it is a contradiction between the content of the skeptical position and the implicit presumption of the act of its assertion. The thesis of global skepticism cannot be accepted as true without falling into the pragmatic inconsistency. The author explains, how skepticism was important for exposing the limits of human knowledge and inspired its development.

«Philosophical Heuristics» aims to translate philosophical issues into meta-philosophical issues examined from a unique perspective. The analytical and interpretive practice of heuristics seeks to grasp synchronously all the processes leading to the formation of philosophical discourse, its language, form and content. The book takes hermeneutics and pragmatism as a starting point for a multifaceted and systematic examination of philosophical heuresis and promotes a style of philosophising «in the suspense of heuristic reflection», something more than ordinary theoretical self-awareness.

This collection of essays examines logic and its philosophy. The author investigates the nature of logic not only by describing its properties but also by showing philosophical applications of logical concepts and structures. He evaluates what logic is and analyzes among other aspects the relations of logic and language, the status of identity, bivalence, proof, truth, constructivism, and metamathematics. With examples concerning the application of logic to philosophy, he also covers semantic loops, the epistemic discourse, the normative discourse, paradoxes, properties of truth, truth-making as well as theology, being and logical determinism. The author concludes with a philosophical reflection on nothingness and its modelling.

This is a study about man who is a part of the world of physical events, including actions. As a bunch of actions which are conditioned by beliefs and other attitudes, man co-creates communities which emerge and vanish along time. While generating and undergoing changes man is potentially a dynamic and flexible creature who at least partially manages relations with the world, including other men. This study is of an interdisciplinary nature, where the author merges philosophy and cultural anthropology with insight into sociology and communication studies. At the same time, the author takes an anti-essentialist position, where the study is a hypothetical construct. While doing this, the author assembles a particular vocabulary, where action, belief and community are addressed by communication, culture, thickness and the like concepts.

In the first half of the 20th century, many Polish philosophers focused on defining scientific concepts that could lead to the development of a philosophical synthesis of reality. Benedykt Bornstein elaborated an algebraic logic and developed novum organum philosophiae in the form of geometrical logic, a mathematical system of universal science. It can also be stated that Bornstein was unquestionably the forerunner of philosophers who started research into spatial logic in the second half of the 20th century.The aim of this study on Bornstein’s Geometrical Logic is to draw readers’ attention not only to the algebraic and geometrical tools used in philosophical research, but also to demonstrate its importance for contemporary philosophical discussions which use mathematical tools in topology and category theory.

The author of the book provides a comprehensive examination of stress, an integral part of people’s lives. In the first chapter, he reviews the 20th-century theories of stress, from biological mechanisms of stress through medical concepts to contemporary models of psychological stress. The second chapter provides a detailed classification of sources of stress, based on physical, chronobiological, psychological and social factors. In the third chapter, the author focuses on reactions to stress and presents them from physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral perspectives. The fourth chapter focuses on two theoretical constructs: resistance to stress and coping with stress. The author presents task-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented strategies of coping with stress and underlines the role of social support in dealing with stress. The author emphasizes the fact that stress has many faces. It can be seen as "eustress", which has an important motivational function, forcing us to make efforts and achieve life goals, or "distress", which distracts us from achieving our goals and comfort of life.

The book presents results from research conducted by Zygmunt Zawirski on the theory of knowledge, quantum mechanics, logic, ontology and metaphysics. The works undertaken in the field of logic, methodology and philosophy of science, and in particular the philosophy of nature and natural science testify to a solid preparation for the fundamental task of developing contemporary scientific philosophy. The emerging mathematical natural science did not have those possibilities which emerged in the 20th Century and which Zygmunt Zawirski (1882-1948) used. In the development of scientific metaphysics, he took into account both the achievements of modern logic, mathematics and physics. Zawirski builds scientific metaphysics by referring to empiricism, broadly understood experience. Modern metaphysics should meet high standards of precision and uniqueness, which is why Zawirski attempts to apply the axiomatic method to both the analysis of the theory of physics and the scientific metaphysics.

The volume consists of thirteen papers devoted to various problems of the philosophy of logic and mathematics. They can be divided into two groups. The first group contains papers devoted to some general problems of the philosophy of mathematics whereas the second group – papers devoted to the history of logic in Poland and to the work of Polish logicians and math-ematicians in the philosophy of mathematics and logic. Among considered problems are: meaning of reverse mathematics, proof in mathematics, the status of Church’s Thesis, phenomenology in the philosophy of mathematics, mathematics vs. theology, the problem of truth, philosophy of logic and mathematics in the interwar Poland.

This book gives explanations for the growing gap in wealth and income and the rise of anti-democratic movements. The power of the elites today is supposedly founded on merit (education, intelligence etc.), but a closer look shows that a well-marked-out pool is just self-re-producing. The power these in-groups wield often leads to moral insensibility, made worse by a condescending attitude towards people further down the food chain. The pre-dominance of the model of the nation-state, with its centralism and top-down structure, is one of the roots of this problem, as is the lack of comparisons and value judgements; examples from transport and urbanism show that they are possible. The deplorable situation is made worse by the “anti-“social-media scuppering open and productive discussions.

In recent decades, green chemistry dominated the imagination of sustainability scholars all over the world and was embraced by leading global universities and companies. This new concept is supposed to address the environmental crisis by making chemistry safer and less polluting.And yet, under this seemingly straightforward success story hides a tangled and ambiguous reality: alternative frameworks, shoddy greenness criteria, and power struggles.This book retraces the history of the green chemistry concept and critically assesses its claims and dominant narratives about it. It is an indispensable guide for all those interested in the challenges of sustainability, whether they have background in chemistry or not. Its underlying question is: is green chemistry really that green?

The author analyses the concept of free will in the context of the psychophysical problem. He builds his analysis upon the presumption that the contemporary debate between compatibilists and incompatibilists is not of high relevance, since “free will” is a highly technical and vague term. So instead of directly answering questions like “Is free will possible?” or “What is free will?”, he starts his analyses from specifying a solution to the psychophysical problem and then works towards a possible definition of free will.

The aim of the book is to reevaluate inner dymamics of, and tensions between, individuals who are active in the political process as members of interest groups. To that end, the author creates a model for the individual reasoning, preferences, and motivations made manifest in their observable behavior. This is achieved by analyzing the conduct of individuals in society according to the increasing complexity of interaction in the public sphere. The analysis starts with the ethical concerns of individuals and moves towards their capacities as citizens, voters, and politicians. The author then addresses aspects of social contract theory, as well as the uncertainty that is an inherent part of socialcooperation. An interdisciplinary approach to public choice, as well as elements of constitutional economy, political philosophy, and ethics are brought together to question our understanding of the way individuals and interest groupsoperate in the political sphere due to serious inconsistencies of individual reasoning within the latter.

In Krisenzeiten sind begrundete Entscheidungen im Bereich der Ethik und des Rechts unabdingbar, aber sind sie auch moglich? Der vorliegende Band vermittelt einen Einblick in die Philosophie Immanuel Kants, in die Rechtswissenschaft Hans Kelsens, in die Transzendentalpragmatik als Spielart der Diskurstheorie und in die juristische Argumentation.

The last century has been marked by numerous discussions about the concept of the temporality of the «Now». The most essential elements of the topic of the «Now» are presented in atemporal analysis (and beyond) of lebendige Gegenwart. In the author’s analysis this notion is the core of phenomenology and a derivative phenomenologisation of the constitution of time. The first part of the book is dedicated to the necessary reconstruction of the category of the «Now», the second treats about the atemporality of the «Now», the third one is an additional reference to Husserlian deepest transcendental reduction: the «Now» as being freed from temporality. Furthermore, the author compares his thoughts to the ideas and to the concept of the «modalization of the consciousness» that is present in the post-Husserlian temporalities.