Jean Brachet – författare

Molecular Cytology, Volume 2: Cell Interactions deals with the morphology and biochemistry of the cell, with emphasis on the more dynamic aspects of cytology. It looks at gene transfer in somatic cells, nucleocytoplasmic interactions in oocytes and eggs, and cell differentiation, transformation, malignancy, aging, and death. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of nucleocytoplasmic interactions in somatic cells and unicellular organisms. The next chapter examines the experimental interventions at early stages in the egg cytoplasm with reference to Xenopus oocytes, as well as oogenesis, the structure and composition of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, fertilization of sea urchin eggs, and the nuclear determinants of early embryogenic development. Additionally, a chapter explains the mechanisms underlying cell senescence, arrest of cell growth, and cell death; the mechanisms of cell differentiation as the normal outcome of embryonic development; the morphological and biochemical changes that occur in cells when they become senescent; and the metastasis of cancer cells. The book concludes with a chapter that presents a few general ideas about biochemical cytology. This book is a valuable reference for cell biologists, biochemists, cytologists, advanced students, research workers, and laypersons interested in learning the fundamentals of descriptive cytology, biochemistry, embryology, genetics, and molecular biology.

Molecular Cytology presents an integrated version about the morphology and biochemistry of the cell. This two-volume book focuses on the dynamic aspects of cytology and on the nucleocytoplasmic interactions in unicellular organisms and eggs. The first chapter covers the history of cell, cytology, and nucleic acids, as well as the uniformity and diversity in cell. The book then discusses various methods used in cell biology, including optical, cytochemical, biological, biochemical, and biophysical techniques. It also examines the activities of cytoplasm and nucleus during interphase. The final chapter describes various phases of the cell cycle, the structure of metaphase chromosomes, the molecular organization of the mitotic apparatus, and the cytokinesis, with emphasis on the main mitotic abnormalities. With the aim of linking the morphology and biochemistry of the cell, this book is intended for advanced students, research workers, biochemists, and cytologists who wish to broaden their knowledge in cell.

Biology of Acetabularia covers the proceedings of the First International Symposium on Acetabularia, held in Rhode-Saint-Genese and Mol, Belgium on June 18-20, 1969. The three-day symposium is organized to exchange ideas and information between various laboratories, which are engaged in research on Acetabularia. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book discusses the biological and biochemical aspects of Acetabularia, including DNA and RNA syntheses, regulation of RNA production and enzyme activity, ultrastructure, and photosynthesis. It also examines the effects of physical factors, such as light and gamma-radiations and circadian rhythms, on morphogenesis and metabolism of Acetabularia. Each chapter contains technical problems and conclusions relevant to other researches. The book will be useful for those who work or intend to work on Acetabularia, including biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers.

The Biochemistry of Development focuses on advances in chemical embryology. The book first discusses gametogenesis, including the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis. The text describes fertilization and related aspects, such as physical, morphological, and metabolic changes during fertilization. The selection also underscores the process of cleavage. Concerns include morphology and cytochemistry of dividing eggs; importance of nucleic acids and proteins; formation of the furrow; and biochemistry of cleavage. The text also looks at the chemical embryology of invertebrate eggs. Examinations are done on the eggs of worms, mollusks, sea urchins, and ascidians. The book also evaluates the chemical embryology of vertebrate eggs. RNA and protein metabolism of intact eggs; chemical nature of inducing substances; and physical properties of inducing agents are underscored. The text also offers information on the biochemistry of differentiation and the biochemical interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during morphogenesis. The selection is highly recommended for readers wanting to study chemical embryology.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 8 covers the developments in the study of morphogenesis. The book discusses the morphogenetic aspects of acrosome formation and reaction; the migration and differentiation of neural crest cells; and the reaggregation of dissociated cells of sea urchin embryos. The text also describes the interacting genetic systems in Paramecium; genome transcription in fish development; as well as the biosynthesis of steroid hormones by the embryonic gonads of vertebrates. Biologists, molecular biologists, and medical students will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 9, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in morphogenesis. The book contains seven chapters and begins with a study of the interactions that occur in the morphogenesis of higher plants. This is followed by separate chapters on the regulatory mechanisms and cellular interactions in the development of annelids and mollusks; morphogenetic factors in limb ontogeny and limb regeneration; primary induction in birds; and the organogenesis and arrangement of cutaneous appendages in birds. Subsequent chapters deal with avian gastrulation and macromolecular syntheses and nucleocytoplasmic interactions in early development.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 10, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in morphogenesis. The book contains six chapters and opens with a discussion of the "organization center" of the amphibian embryo. This is followed by separate chapters on physiological gradients in development; molecular embryology of the sea urchin, mollusks, and other invertebrates; and changes in DNA, RNA, and protein during successive phases of embryonic development in vertebrates. Subsequent chapters deal with the control of growth in the filamentous prothalli and the causal factors promoting the transition to the two-dimensional gametophyte; and the development, inheritance, and origin of the plastid in Euglena.

The Cell: Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology, Volume I focuses on the advancements of processes, techniques, and approaches used in studies on the structure and functions of cells. The selection first offers information on the optical methods in cytology, fixation and staining, and autoradiography. Discussions focus on microscopical analysis, techniques related to autoradiography, staining for electron microscopy and light microscopy, fixation, electron microscope in cytology, and X-ray microscopy of cells. The text then takes a look at the quantitative microscopical techniques for single cells and quantitative microchemical techniques of histo- and cytochemistry. The manuscript ponders on micrurgical studies on living cells, isolation of subcellular components, and "tissue culture," cellular autonomy, and cellular interrelations. Topics include standardization procedures, factors influencing the choice of isolation procedure, future applications and extensions of micrurgy, and applications of micrurgy to the study of living cells. The effects of radiations on cells, acquisition of biological specificity, and nucleocytoplasmic interactions in eggs and embryos are also discussed. The selection is a dependable reference for researchers interested in pursuing further studies on the biochemistry, physiology, and morphology of cells.

Cells and Their Component Parts, Volume II covers the cell constituents: the cell membrane, plant cell walls, ameboid movement, cilia and flagella, mitochondria, lysosomes and related particles, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, the ground substance, and the interphase nucleus and its interaction with the cytoplasm. The book discusses their biochemical activities and their interactions with other cell organelles. Biologists, botanists, pathologists, and people involved in biological laboratories and cancer research will find the book useful.

The Cell: Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology, Volume III: Meiosis and Mitosis covers chapters on meiosis and mitosis. The book discusses meiosis with regard to the meiotic behavior of chromosomes; the anomalous meiotic behavior in organisms with localized centromeres and in forms with nonlocalized centromeres; and the nature of the synaptic force. The text also describes the mechanism of crossing over; the relationship of chiasmata to crossing over and metaphase pairing; and the reductional versus equational disjunction. The process of mitosis and the physiology of cell division are also considered. The book further tackles the significance of cell division and chromosomes; the essential mitotic plan and its variants; the preparations for mitosis; and the transition period. The text also demonstrates the time course of mitosis; the mobilization of the mitotic apparatus; metakinesis; the metaphase; the mitotic apparatus; anaphase; telophase; cytokinesis; and the physiology of the dividing cell. Physiological reproduction; mitotic rhythms and experimental synchronization; and the blockage and stimulation of division are also encompassed. Biologists, microbiologists, zoologists, and botanists will find the book invaluable.

The Cell: Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology, Volume VI: Supplementary Volume focuses on the advancements of processes, technologies, and approaches employed in studies on the structure and functions of cells. The selection first offers information on the cytoplasm of Protozoa, fungi, and the aspects of the form and function of plant cells. Topics include special structures, basic genetics, physiology, life cycles and sexuality, special fungal genetics, basal bodies or kinetosomes, mitochondria, and symbiotes in Protozoa. The text then elaborates on sensory and connective tissue cells.Discussions focus on some catabolic processes of connective tissues, formation and cytology of connective tissues, nature of the extracellular constituents, and pseudosensory, neurosensory, and true sensory cells. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in the biochemistry, physiology, and morphology of cells.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 1 covers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This book is composed of nine chapters that include discussion on cell growth, differentiation, and development. The opening chapter describes the complex process of embryonic organization, from the induction initiation to a number of differentiation processes, leading to formation of the essential part of the axial system of the embryo. The next chapters examine the basic aspects of embryology, the process of regeneration in vertebrate, the suppression of growth processes by morphostatic substances, and the role of proteases in tissue regeneration. These topics are followed by discussions on the factors that control plant cell growth and the morphological, physiological, and biochemical studies of normal pigment cell development and differentiation. The concluding chapters explore the development of limbs of tetrapod vertebrates, the morphogenesis of the vertebrate eye, and the particular phases of teleostean egg development. This book is directed toward developmental biologists.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 2 considers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This book is composed of nine chapters that cover the morphological and biochemical aspects of cell growth and development. The opening chapter deals with the principles and phenomena of morphogenesis characteristic of ciliate protozoa Stentor. The succeeding chapters examine the phenomena of symmetrization in amphibian, birds, reptiles, and fish, and discuss comparative biochemical studies on amphibian and invertebrate. These topics are followed by surveys on the histochemical and morpholopgical studies of limb morphogenesis in vertebrates. Other chapters are devoted to embryonic and larval development, as well as the regeneration in certain group of animals. This book is directed primarily to developmental biologists.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 3 covers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This volume is divided into nine chapters that specifically consider the histochemical, morphological, and biochemical aspects of cell growth and development in various animal groups. The opening chapter deals with the different mechanisms of determination in the development of the gastropods. The next chapters present the model system for biochemical of morphological differentiation, including non-filamentous aquatic fungi and sea urchin. These topics are followed by discussions of the results obtained from chick embryo erythrocyte during the entire prenatal period, with emphasis on the problems of autodifferentiation of chick embryo blood corpuscles. A chapter examines the role of DNA, RNA, and sulfhydryl groups in morphogenesis in amphibians and regeneration in the unicellular alga, Acetabularia mediterranea. The concluding chapters describe the relationship between cleavage, relative duration of developmental periods, and cell differentiation in stages of embryonic development. These chapters also look into the positive evidence concerning the morphogenetic role of the egg cortex of the amphibians. This book is directed primarily to developmental biologists.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 4 covers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This volume is composed of six chapters that specifically consider the biological aspects of cell growth and development. The opening chapter describes the techniques for cell nuclei transplantation in different organisms. The next chapter surveys the features of the unicellular desmid genus Micrasterias and its application as a model system to delineate morphogenesis. Other chapters discuss the functional problems in corneal development and the regeneration in lower plants and annelids. The last chapter provides a summary of the biological aspects of the hen''s egg yolk embryogenesis. This book is directed primarily to developmental biologists.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 5 covers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This volume contains six chapters that specifically consider the morphological aspects and model systems of cell growth and development. The opening chapter describes the features and various levels of patterns exhibited by feathers, with emphasis on their application as a model system to delineate morphogenesis in birds. The subsequent chapter examines the evidence concerning the control of cell differentiation organ initiation, and embryo development in organ and tissue culture. A chapter emphasizes the hypertrophic growth control to the liver and kidney. The discussion then shifts to the ultrastructural studies of the amphibian egg and its surrounding layers, which, which have clarified many aspects related to morphogenesis during the critical stages of development prior to fertilization. The final chapters examine the mechanisms for the establishment of specific connections between different sets of neurons. These chapters also look into the certain steps of macromolecular coordination that lead to the formation or transformation of the vitelline membrane, the cortical particles, the fertilization membrane, and the hyaline layer. This book is directed primarily toward developmental biologists.

Advances in Morphogenesis, Volume 6 considers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This volume is composed of seven chapters that specifically cover the biological, morphological, and embryological aspects of cell growth and development. The opening chapter deals with the classification, progression, genetic aspects, and experimental induction of teratomas. The next chapter focuses on insect morphogenesis, its formation of surface patterns, the gradient organization of the epidermis, and the three-dimensional patterns resulting from cycles of activity in time. A chapter discusses the factors that control the initiation of hemoglobin synthesis, with a particular emphasis on studies of the chick and amphibian embryo. These topics are followed by surveys on heteroblastic development in vascular plants, the ultrastructure of the nucleus, and the experimental alterations of the developmental cytogenetic mechanisms. The final chapter examines the epigenetic aspect of developments in sexual organogenesis. This book is directed primarily toward developmental biologists.

Advances in morphogenesis, Volume 7 considers the significant advances in various aspects of morphogenesis. This volume is composed of eight chapters that specifically cover the concept of blastogenesis and tissue regeneration. The introductory chapter presents the evidence suggesting that the mechanism involved in the initiation of growth in compensatory hypertrophy may not be the same as that in wound healing. The succeeding two chapters deal with certain morphogenetic aspects of the crown gall problem and the development of the innervation of the tetrapod limb by combined observations of behavior with histological studies. These topics are followed by discussions on the synthesis of mRNA during embryonic development, aspects of blastogenesis, and phases of amphibian limb regeneration. The concluding chapters examine the main features of the induction of the development of kidney tubules in the metanephrogenic mesenchyme and the utilization of the developing Fucus egg as a prototype of the localization phenomenon. This book is directed primarily toward developmental biologists.

Nearly 10 years have elapsed since I finished writing the first edition of Intro­ duction to Molecular Embryology. During this period, molecular embryology has made great strides forward, but without undergoing a major revolution; there­ fore, the general philosophy and outline of the book have remained almost un­ changed. However, all the chapters had to be almost completely rewritten in or­ der to introduce new facts and to eliminate findings which have lost interest or have been disproved. There was a major gap in the first edition of this book: very little was said about mammalian eggs despite their obvious interest for mankind. Research on mammalian eggs and embryos is so active today that this important topic deserves a full chapter in a book concerned with molecular embryology. Therefore, I am very thankful to my colleague Dr. Henri Alexandre, who has written a chapter on mammalian embryology (Chap. 9) and has prepared all the illustrations for this book.

Nearly 10 years have elapsed since I finished writing the first edition of Intro­ duction to Molecular Embryology. During this period, molecular embryology has made great strides forward, but without undergoing a major revolution; there­ fore, the general philosophy and outline of the book have remained almost un­ changed. However, all the chapters had to be almost completely rewritten in or­ der to introduce new facts and to eliminate findings which have lost interest or have been disproved. There was a major gap in the first edition of this book: very little was said about mammalian eggs despite their obvious interest for mankind. Research on mammalian eggs and embryos is so active today that this important topic deserves a full chapter in a book concerned with molecular embryology. Therefore, I am very thankful to my colleague Dr. Henri Alexandre, who has written a chapter on mammalian embryology (Chap. 9) and has prepared all the illustrations for this book.