Julian F. Miller – författare

The set LNCS 2723 and LNCS 2724 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionaty Computation Conference, GECCO 2003, held in Chicago, IL, USA in July 2003.The 193 revised full papers and 93 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 417 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on a-life adaptive behavior, agents, and ant colony optimization; artificial immune systems; coevolution; DNA, molecular, and quantum computing; evolvable hardware; evolutionary robotics; evolution strategies and evolutionary programming; evolutionary sheduling routing; genetic algorithms; genetic programming; learning classifier systems; real-world applications; and search based softare engineering.

In this volume are the proceedings of the fourth European conference on - netic Programming (EuroGP 2001) which took place at Lake Como in Italy on April, 18{20 2001. EuroGP has become r mly established as the premier - ropean event devoted to Genetic Programming. EuroGP began life in 1998 as an international workshop and was held in Paris (14{15 April, LNCS 1391). - ter that it was held in Got .. eborg, Sweden (26{27 May 1999, LNCS 1598). Its r st appearance as a conference was last year in Edinburgh in Scotland (15{ 16 April, LNCS 1802). Each year EuroGP has been co-located with a series of specialist workshops (LNCS 1468, 1596, 1803). This year was no exception and EvoWorkshops 2001 were also held at Lake Como (18-19 April, LNCS 2037). Genetic Programming (GP) refers to a branch of Evolutionary Compu- tion in which computer programs are automatically generated over a period of time using a process that mimics Darwinian evolution. The 30 papers in these proceedings more than amply demonstrate the wide and varied applicability of GP.There are papers that apply GP to robotics, artic ial retina, character recognition, nancialprediction, digitall terandelectronic circuitdesign,image processing, data fusion, and biosequencing. In addition there are many papers that address foundational and theoretical issues. Arigorousdouble-blindrefereeing systemwasappliedtothe42submitted- pers. This resulted in 17 plenary talks(40% of those submitted) and 13 research posters.

Thisvolumerecordstheproceedingsofthe?fthEuropeanconferenceonGenetic Programming(EuroGP2002)whichtookplaceinKinsale,IrelandonApril3–5, 2002, continuing an established tradition of yearly meetings among the most prominent researchers on Genetic Programming in Europe and beyond; their proceedings have always been published in the LNCS series by Springer-Verlag. EuroGP began life in Paris in 1998 as an international workshop (April 14– 15, LNCS 1391); a second workshop took place in G¨ oteborg in 1999 (May 26– 27, LNCS 1598). Its ?rst appearance as a conference was in the year 2000 in Edinburgh (April 15–16, LNCS 1802), followed by last year’s conference held at Lake Como (April 18–19, LNCS 2038). Since the beginning, EuroGP has been co-located with a series of specialist workshops on applications of evolutionary algorithms (LNCS 1468, 1596, 1803, and 2037). In keeping with that tradition, the EvoWorkshops were also held in Kinsale this year at the same time (LNCS 2279). Genetic Programming (GP) is a branch of Evolutionary Computation in which populations of computer programs are made to evolve and adapt to so- ing a particular problem or task by a process that draws its inspiration from Biology and Darwinian evolution. GP is a very versatile technique, which has been applied to a wide range of tasks, as a quick inspection of the 32 papers in these proceedings will easily reveal: economics, robotics, engineering, statistics, pharmacology,electronics,and?nancearebutsomeofthedomainsinwhichthey havebeenemployed.AlthoughtherateofapplicationofGPtoproblemsisst- dily growing, this conference is characterized by its concern with the theoretical foundations of GP: investigation of these issues is attaining an ever increasing depth and maturity.

Thisvolumerecordstheproceedingsofthe?fthEuropeanconferenceonGenetic Programming(EuroGP2002)whichtookplaceinKinsale,IrelandonApril3–5, 2002, continuing an established tradition of yearly meetings among the most prominent researchers on Genetic Programming in Europe and beyond; their proceedings have always been published in the LNCS series by Springer-Verlag. EuroGP began life in Paris in 1998 as an international workshop (April 14– 15, LNCS 1391); a second workshop took place in G¨ oteborg in 1999 (May 26– 27, LNCS 1598). Its ?rst appearance as a conference was in the year 2000 in Edinburgh (April 15–16, LNCS 1802), followed by last year’s conference held at Lake Como (April 18–19, LNCS 2038). Since the beginning, EuroGP has been co-located with a series of specialist workshops on applications of evolutionary algorithms (LNCS 1468, 1596, 1803, and 2037). In keeping with that tradition, the EvoWorkshops were also held in Kinsale this year at the same time (LNCS 2279). Genetic Programming (GP) is a branch of Evolutionary Computation in which populations of computer programs are made to evolve and adapt to so- ing a particular problem or task by a process that draws its inspiration from Biology and Darwinian evolution. GP is a very versatile technique, which has been applied to a wide range of tasks, as a quick inspection of the 32 papers in these proceedings will easily reveal: economics, robotics, engineering, statistics, pharmacology,electronics,and?nancearebutsomeofthedomainsinwhichthey havebeenemployed.AlthoughtherateofapplicationofGPtoproblemsisst- dily growing, this conference is characterized by its concern with the theoretical foundations of GP: investigation of these issues is attaining an ever increasing depth and maturity.

This volume contains the proceedings of EuroGP 2000, the European Conf- ence on Genetic Programming, held in Edinburgh on the 15th and 16th April 2000. This event was the third in a series which started with the two European workshops: EuroGP’98, held in Paris in April 1998, and EuroGP’99, held in Gothenburg in May 1999. EuroGP 2000 was held in conjunction with EvoWo- shops 2000 (17th April) and ICES 2000 (17th-19th April). Genetic Programming (GP) is a growing branch of Evolutionary Compu- tion in which the structures in the population being evolved are computer p- grams. GP has been applied successfully to a large number of di?cult problems like automatic design, pattern recognition, robotic control, synthesis of neural networks, symbolic regression, music and picture generation, biomedical app- cations, etc. In recent years,even human-competitive results have been achieved by a number of groups. EuroGP 2000, the ?rst evolutionary computation conference of the new m- lennium, was the biggest event devoted to genetic programming to be held in Europe in 2000. It was a high quality conference where state-of-the-art work on the theory of GP and applications of GP to real world problems was presented.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, ICES 2000, held in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, in April 2000.The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. Among the topics covered are evaluation of digital systems, evolution of analog systems, embryonic electronics, bio-inspired systems, artificial neural networks, adaptive robotics, adaptive hardware platforms, molecular computing, reconfigurable systems, immune systems, and self-repair.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, ICES 2000, held in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, in April 2000.The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. Among the topics covered are evaluation of digital systems, evolution of analog systems, embryonic electronics, bio-inspired systems, artificial neural networks, adaptive robotics, adaptive hardware platforms, molecular computing, reconfigurable systems, immune systems, and self-repair.

This volume contains the proceedings of EuroGP 2000, the European Conf- ence on Genetic Programming, held in Edinburgh on the 15th and 16th April 2000. This event was the third in a series which started with the two European workshops: EuroGP’98, held in Paris in April 1998, and EuroGP’99, held in Gothenburg in May 1999. EuroGP 2000 was held in conjunction with EvoWo- shops 2000 (17th April) and ICES 2000 (17th-19th April). Genetic Programming (GP) is a growing branch of Evolutionary Compu- tion in which the structures in the population being evolved are computer p- grams. GP has been applied successfully to a large number of di?cult problems like automatic design, pattern recognition, robotic control, synthesis of neural networks, symbolic regression, music and picture generation, biomedical app- cations, etc. In recent years,even human-competitive results have been achieved by a number of groups. EuroGP 2000, the ?rst evolutionary computation conference of the new m- lennium, was the biggest event devoted to genetic programming to be held in Europe in 2000. It was a high quality conference where state-of-the-art work on the theory of GP and applications of GP to real world problems was presented.

Biology has inspired electronics from the very beginning: the machines that we now call computers are deeply rooted in biological metaphors. Pioneers such as Alan Turing and John von Neumann openly declared their aim of creating arti?cial machines that could mimic some of the behaviors exhibited by natural organisms. Unfortunately, technology had not progressed enough to allow them to put their ideas into practice. The 1990s saw the introduction of programmable devices, both digital (FP- GAs) and analogue (FPAAs). These devices, by allowing the functionality and the structure of electronic devices to be easily altered, enabled researchers to endow circuits with some of the same versatility exhibited by biological entities and sparked a renaissance in the ?eld of bio-inspired electronics with the birth of what is generally known as evolvable hardware. Eversince,the?eldhasprogressedalongwiththetechnologicalimprovements and has expanded to take into account many di?erent biological processes, from evolution to learning, from development to healing. Of course, the application of these processes to electronic devices is not always straightforward (to say the least!), but rather than being discouraged, researchers in the community have shown remarkable ingenuity, as demostrated by the variety of approaches presented at this conference and included in these proceedings.

Biology has inspired electronics from the very beginning: the machines that we now call computers are deeply rooted in biological metaphors. Pioneers such as Alan Turing and John von Neumann openly declared their aim of creating arti?cial machines that could mimic some of the behaviors exhibited by natural organisms. Unfortunately, technology had not progressed enough to allow them to put their ideas into practice. The 1990s saw the introduction of programmable devices, both digital (FP- GAs) and analogue (FPAAs). These devices, by allowing the functionality and the structure of electronic devices to be easily altered, enabled researchers to endow circuits with some of the same versatility exhibited by biological entities and sparked a renaissance in the ?eld of bio-inspired electronics with the birth of what is generally known as evolvable hardware. Eversince,the?eldhasprogressedalongwiththetechnologicalimprovements and has expanded to take into account many di?erent biological processes, from evolution to learning, from development to healing. Of course, the application of these processes to electronic devices is not always straightforward (to say the least!), but rather than being discouraged, researchers in the community have shown remarkable ingenuity, as demostrated by the variety of approaches presented at this conference and included in these proceedings.

Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) is a highly effective and increasingly popular form of genetic programming. It represents programs in the form of directed graphs, and a particular characteristic is that it has a highly redundant genotype–phenotype mapping, in that genes can be noncoding. It has spawned a number of new forms, each improving on the efficiency, among them modular, or embedded, CGP, and self-modifying CGP. It has been applied to many problems in both computer science and applied sciences. This book contains chapters written by the leading figures in the development and application of CGP, and it will be essential reading for researchers in genetic programming and for engineers and scientists solving applications using these techniques. It will also be useful for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates seeking to understand and utilize a highly efficient form of genetic programming.