Loren T. Stuckenbruck – författare

Early Christology must focus not simply on "historical" but also on theological ideas found in contemporary Jewish thought and practice. In this book, a range of distinguished contributors considers the context and formation of early Jewish and Christian devotion to God alone-the emergence of "monotheism". The idea of monotheism is critically examined from various perspectives, including the history of ideas, Graeco-Roman religions, early Jewish mediator figures, scripture exegesis, and the history of its use as a theological category. The studies explore different ways of conceiving of early Christian monotheism today, asking whether monotheism is a conceptually useful category, whether it may be applied cautiously and with qualifications, or whether it is to be questioned in favor of different approaches to understanding the origins of Jewish and Christian beliefs and worship. This is volume 1 in the Early Christianity in Context series and volume 263 in the Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series

Early Christology must focus not simply on historical but also on theological ideas found in contemporary Jewish thought and practice. In this book, a range of distinguished contributors considers the context and formation of early Jewish and Christian devotion to God aloneGCothe emergence of GCGBPmonotheismGC[yen]. The idea of monotheism is critically examined from various perspectives, including the history of ideas, Graeco-Roman religions, early Jewish mediator figures, scripture exegesis, and the history of its use as a theological category. The studies explore different ways of conceiving of early Christian monotheism today, asking whether monotheism is a conceptually useful category, whether it may be applied cautiously and with qualifications, or whether it is to be questioned in favor of different approaches to understanding the origins of Jewish and Christian beliefs and worship. This is volume 1 in the Early Christianity in Context series and volume 263 in the Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series

The T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism provides a comprehensive reference resource of over 600 scholarly articles aimed at those studying Judaism in the Second Temple Period, and the numerous texts and artefacts related to it.The work is split into four parts across two volumes.Part One locates the discipline in relation to other relevant fields (for example the Hebrew Bible, Rabbinics, Christian Origins) and provides an orientation to the discipline's distinctive nomenclatures and debates. The history of research in the area is also presented in full.Part Two presents an overview of respective contexts of the discipline set within the broad framework of historical chronology. Social/cultural, literary, linguistic, geographical, political, and religious contexts are all explained, from the time period of the conquests of Alexander the Great (332 B.C.E.) through to the reign of Hadrian (135 C.E.). Part Three focuses specifically on the literature of the Second Temple period, summarizing the content of key texts, and examining their similarities and differences with other texts of the period. This section includes surveys of scholarship on date, provenance, location, language(s), and interpretative issues. The reception history of texts is considered.Part Four addresses topics, specifically those relevant to Second Temple literature such as places, practices, historical figures and artefacts. The volumes include 14 specially created color maps and over 60 charts and illustrations.

Leading international contributors on biblical texts, including the New Testament and the Dead Sea Scrolls, intersect with the work of James H. Charlesworth and examine Charlesworth's vast contribution to the field of biblical studies, honoring the work of one of the most significant biblical scholars of his generation.Divided into five sections, this volume begins with a section on the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament texts, with particular focus on the Gospel of John and Jesus studies. The contexts of these texts are considered, with a focus on the Greco-Roman and Jewish worlds, and the varying intersections between texts and the worlds that created them. The contributors then focus on the most significant body of Charlesworth's work, the apocrypha/pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the journey concludes with an assessment of the history of scholarship on the core areas addressed across the book.

Leading international contributors on biblical texts, including the New Testament and the Dead Sea Scrolls, intersect with the work of James H. Charlesworth and examine Charlesworth's vast contribution to the field of biblical studies, honoring the work of one of the most significant biblical scholars of his generation.Divided into five sections, this volume begins with a section on the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament texts, with particular focus on the Gospel of John and Jesus studies. The contexts of these texts are considered, with a focus on the Greco-Roman and Jewish worlds, and the varying intersections between texts and the worlds that created them. The contributors then focus on the most significant body of Charlesworth's work, the apocrypha/pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the journey concludes with an assessment of the history of scholarship on the core areas addressed across the book.

These essays by world-leaders in the field of Second Temple Judaism build on the ground-breaking T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism (T&T Clark, 2020), exploring the specific ways in which the discipline can be carried forward following the publication of this major work.Using the Encyclopedia as a departure point for considering developments in methodology, historical and textual studies, and interdisciplinary approaches the contributors to this volume begin each study with a clear statement about the methodological issues at work in their chapter, and how these can contribute to the ongoing scholarly discourse. The topics covered include archaeology, synagogues, the New Testament as Second Temple literature, marriage practices, group dynamics, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and reception history. The volume concludes with a postlude and response by John J. Collins.

Winner of the 2020 Biblical Foundations Book Award, ReferenceThe T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism provides a comprehensive reference resource of over 600 scholarly articles aimed at scholars and students interested in Judaism of the Second Temple Period. The two-volume work is split into four parts.Part One offers a prolegomenon for the contemporary study and appreciation of Second Temple Judaism, locating the discipline in relation to other relevant fields (such as Hebrew Bible, Rabbinics, Christian Origins). Beginning with a discussion of terminology, the discussion suggests ways the Second Temple period may be described, and concludes by noting areas of study that challenge our perception of ancient Judaism.Part Two presents an overview of respective contexts of the discipline set within the broad framework of historical chronology corresponding to a set of full-colour, custom-designed maps. With distinct attention to primary sources, the author traces the development of historical, social, political, and religious developments from the time period following the exile in the late 6th century B.C.E. through to the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt (135 C.E.). Part Three focuses specifically on a wide selection of primary-source literature of Second Temple Judaism, summarizing the content of key texts, and examining their similarities and differences with other texts of the period. Essays here include a brief introduction to the work and a summary of its contents, as well as examination of critical issues such as date, provenance, location, language(s), and interpretative matters. The early reception history of texts is also considered, and followed by a bibliography specific to that essay. Numerous high-resolution manuscript images are utilized to illustrate distinct features of the texts. Part Four addresses topics relevant to the Second Temple Period such as places, practices, historical figures, concepts, and subjects of scholarly discussion. These are often supplemented by images, maps, drawings, or diagrams, some of which appear here for the first time. Copiously illustrated, carefully researched and meticulously referenced, this resource provides a reliable, up-to-date and complete guide for those studying early Judaism in its literary and historical settings.

The T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism provides a comprehensive reference resource of over 600 scholarly articles aimed at scholars and students interested in Judaism of the Second Temple Period. The two-volume work is split into four parts.Part One offers a prolegomenon for the contemporary study and appreciation of Second Temple Judaism, locating the discipline in relation to other relevant fields (such as Hebrew Bible, Rabbinics, Christian Origins). Beginning with a discussion of terminology, the discussion suggests ways the Second Temple period may be described, and concludes by noting areas of study that challenge our perception of ancient Judaism.Part Two presents an overview of respective contexts of the discipline set within the broad framework of historical chronology corresponding to a set of full-colour, custom-designed maps. With distinct attention to primary sources, the author traces the development of historical, social, political, and religious developments from the time period following the exile in the late 6th century B.C.E. through to the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt (135 C.E.). Part Three focuses specifically on a wide selection of primary-source literature of Second Temple Judaism, summarizing the content of key texts, and examining their similarities and differences with other texts of the period. Essays here include a brief introduction to the work and a summary of its contents, as well as examination of critical issues such as date, provenance, location, language(s), and interpretative matters. The early reception history of texts is also considered, and followed by a bibliography specific to that essay. Numerous high-resolution manuscript images are utilized to illustrate distinct features of the texts. Part Four addresses topics relevant to the Second Temple Period such as places, practices, historical figures, concepts, and subjects of scholarly discussion. These are often supplemented by images, maps, drawings, or diagrams, some of which appear here for the first time. Copiously illustrated, carefully researched and meticulously referenced, this resource provides a reliable, up-to-date and complete guide for those studying early Judaism in its literary and historical settings.

The public worship of the risen Christ as depicted in John's Apocalypse directly contradicts the guiding angel's emphasis that only God should be worshiped (Revelation 19:10; 22:8-9). In Angel Veneration and Christology, Loren Stuckenbruck explores this contradiction in light of angel veneration in Early Judaism. Stuckenbruck surveys a wide variety of Jewish traditions related to angelic worship and discovers proscriptions against sacrificing to angels; prohibitions against making images of angels; rejections of the ""two powers""; second-century Christian apologetic accusations specifically directed against Jews; and, most importantly, the refusal tradition, widespread in Jewish and Jewish-Christian writings, wherein angelic messengers refuse the veneration of the seer and exhort the worship of God alone. While evidence for the practice of angel veneration among Jews of antiquity (Qumran, pseudepigraphal literature, and inscriptions from Asia Minor) does not furnish the immediate background for the worship of Christ, Stuckenbruck demonstrates that the very fact that safeguards to a monotheistic framework were issued at all throws light on the Christian practice of worshiping Jesus. The way the Apocalypse adapts the refusal tradition illuminates Revelation's declarations about and depictions of Jesus. Though the refusal tradition itself only safeguards the worship of God, Stuckenbruck traces how the tradition has been split so that the angelophanic elements were absorbed into the christophany. As Stuckenbruck shows, an angelomorphic Christology, shared by the author of Revelation and its readers, functions to preserve the author's monotheistic emphasis as well as to emphasize Christ's superiority over the angels - setting the stage for the worship of the Lamb in a monotheistic framework that does not contradict the angelic directive to worship God alone.

The volume is a commentary on 1 Enoch chapters 91-108 that begins with the Ethiopic text tradition but also takes the Greek and Aramaic (Dead Sea Scrolls) evidence into account. This section of 1 Enoch, which contains material from at least five different documents composed some time during the 2nd century BCE, provides a window into the early stages of the reception of the earliest Enoch tradition, as it was being negotiated in relation to elitist religious opponents, on the one hand, and in relation to other Jewish traditions that were flourishing at the time.The commentary, at the beginning of which there is an extensive introduction, is structured in the following way: there is a translation for each unit of text (including the Greek and Aramaic where it exists, with the Greek and Ethiopic translations presented synoptically), followed by detailed textual notes that justify the translation and provide information on a full range of variations among the manuscripts. This, in turn, is followed by a General Comment on the unit of text; after this there are detailed notes on each subdivision of the text which attempt to situate the content within the stream of biblical interpretation and developing Jewish traditions of the Second Temple period. The five documents in 1 Enoch 91-108 are dealt with in the following order: (1) Apocalypse of Weeks (93:1-10; 91:11-17); (2) Admonition (91:1-10, 18-19); (3) Epistle of Enoch (92:1-5; 93:11-105:2; (4) Birth of Noah (106-107); and (5) the Eschatological Appendix (108).

Im Princeton-Projekt über die Schriftenrollen vom Toten Meer wird eine definitive und kritische Ausgabe aller Qumran-Dokumente veröffentlicht, die keine Kopien der hebräischen Bibel sind. Der erste Band enthält eine verbesserte Ausgabe von 1QS mit kritischem Apparat, mit allen Fragmenten der in den Höhlen IV und V gefundenen Gemeinschaftsregeln sowie einer wörtlichen Übersetzung dieser Texte. Dabei steht die hebräische Fassung auf der linken, die englische Fassung auf der rechten Seite. Kritische Anmerkungen unterstützen das Verständnis von Text, Varianten und philologischen Feinheiten und erläutern die Übersetzung.

Die Autoren der hier gesammelten Aufsätze untersuchen das Thema Erinnerung und Gedächtnis in der Antike. Dabei reicht der Fokus von der hebräischen Bibel, dem antiken Judentum, der klassischen Antike und dem Neuen Testament bis zum frühen Christentum. Auf vielfältige Quellen zurückgreifend werden Fragen nach der sozialen und religiösen Funktion des Erinnerns erörtert. Die Zusammenstellung der Aufsätze macht deutlich, in wieweit Theorien zur Erinnerungsstrategie zum Verständnis alter Texte beitragen können.

Der Mythos von den aufständischen Engeln aus 1 Hen und verwandter Literatur hatte zur Zeit des Zweiten Tempels großen Einfluss. Dieser Mythos, erstmals im henochischen Buch der Wächter bezeugt und in späteren Teilen von 1 Hen wieder aufgegriffen, wurde in aramäischen, hebräischen und griechischen Schriften rezipiert. Dieser Band versammelt Studien von Loren T. Stuckenbruck, die die Aspekte dieser Wirkung in einem Teil der Literatur untersuchen und zeigen, wie der Mythos wiederverwendet und angepasst wurde, um neue kulturelle und religiöse Kontexte anzusprechen ( Buch der Riesen, Buch der Jubiläen, Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer, Buch Tobit, Buch Daniel, Genesis Apochryphon, Philo). Zudem analysiert Stuckenbruck, inwieweit er den theologischen Rahmen bietet, um die theologische Betrachtungsweise einiger neutestamentlicher Texte (synoptische Evangelien und Johannes, die Apostelgeschichte, paulinische Texte und die Offenbarung des Johannes) zu überdenken. Zu den Themengebieten, die in den Aufsätzen behandelt werden, gehören die Dämonologie, markante böse Figuren, Exorzismus, Bittgebete, Geburt und Leben Jesu, der heilige Geist, "Magie", die Bekehrung von Heiden, "Apokalyptik" und das Verständnis von Zeit, sowie theologische Anthropologie.

Die in diesem Band versammelten Aufsätze entstanden anlässlich der Konferenz Das Übel im Judentum des Zweiten Tempels und im frühen Christentum im Jahr 2014 am Zentrum für das sozialwissenschaftliche Studium der Bibel an der St. Marys Universität in Twickenham. Wissenschaftler aus der ganzen Welt präsentieren den allerneuesten Forschungsstand zur Darstellung des Übels zur Zeit des Zweiten Tempels und während der ersten Jahrhunderte des Christentums. Die einzelnen Beiträge befassen sich mit der Bedeutung des "Übels" in Beziehung zu verschiedenen Themen, einschließlich von Qumran und der dort gefundenen Texte, der Darstellung von Verstümmelung im 2. Makkabäer, der Abgrenzung Jesu vom Übel in frühchristlichen Manuskripten, dem "apokalyptischen Paulus", der Exorzismen Jesu, der Kosmologie der Evangelien, dem Jakobusbrief, dem 4. Buch Esra, der Himmelfahrt des Jesaja, Marcion, Johannes Chrysostomos und den Märtyrerberichten.

Während das henochische Buch der Wächter in der Wissenschaft viel Aufmerksamkeit erhält, findet das Gigantenbuch von Qumran viel weniger Beachtung. Dieser Band ist das Ergebnis einer Tagung in München im Juni 2014, die sich mit Riesen in der henochischen Tradition und vor allem im qumranischen Gigantenbuch beschäftigte. Die Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Thema der Riesen in verschiedenen antiken Kontexten, einschließlich der hebräischen Bibel, den Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer und dem antiken Mesopotamien. Die Verfasser richten ihr Augenmerk vor allem auf den Manichäismus, besonders auf das manichäische Gigantenbuch, dessen Fragmente in Turfan, in Westchina, gefunden wurden. Sie liefern einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Bandbreite der Geschichten, die die Juden einander in der Antike über die Söhne der Wächter erzählten, die auf die Erde herabstiegen, und deren reges Nachleben im Manichäismus.

In antiken jüdischen und frühchristlichen Schriften sind "Prüfung" und "Versuchung" unausweichlich ein Teil der menschlichen Erfahrung - von Eden über Massa bis zum Eschaton. Die hier versammelten Beiträge untersuchen die Rede und die Funktion des Prüfens und Geprüftwerdens in den Quellenschriften.

Der "Missionsbefehl", den Jesus nach dem Matthäusevangelium (28,19-20) seinen Jüngern erteilte, wird im Christentum als Ursprung für die Mission und Taufpraxis der Kirche angesehen. Dieser Text hat eine intensive Auslegungstradition erfahren. Insbesondere in den letzten 300 Jahren bildete er die Grundlage für die Missionstätigkeit vieler westlicher Kirchen in weiten Teilen der Welt, und neben seiner Bedeutung für die Motivation und Bestätigung der religiösen Mission diente der Text auch als Mittel zur Stärkung kolonialer Ideen und Interessen in Ländern der "Dritten Welt". In diesem Band werden Aspekte der frühchristlichen Mission ausgearbeitet. Die Beiträge, die auf ein Symposium zurückgehen, das vom 30. September bis zum 1. Oktober 2014 stattgefunden hat, greifen Problemfelder sowohl der neutestamentlichen Exegese (Evangelien, Apostelgeschichte, Paulus, und Deutero-Paulinen) als auch der Kirchengeschichte (in Bezug auf Überlieferungen zu Mission in Afrika und Asien) auf und bieten zusammen eine Einführung in Deutungsmöglichkeiten und Perspektiven, die bei genauerer Lektüre ausgewählter Literatur entstehen.

Dieser Sammelband beleuchtet die Rolle der Angelologie im Judentum und Christentum in Bezug auf hermeneutische Fragen, Kosmologie, liturgische Praktiken, religiös-magische Texte, homiletische Tradition und die Interpretation und Entwicklung antiker Ideen.