Masoud Yazdani – författare

Our society is becoming a more visual culture day-by-day. This book offers detailed analyses of how to combine words with pictures to communicate clearly across cultural barriers. While some information is better communicated by one kind of media than another, some information is communicated most effectively through a combination of media. This book presents a critical framework within which iconic communication systems can be developed to truly bridge linguistic and cultural gaps and to provide effective computer-based systems for conveying information on a global scale. With valuable insights for the Information and Communication industries, this book draws on the work presented at several conferences on the subject and is designed primarily for graphic designers and human-computer interface developers as well as supplementary reading on degree courses in Information Technology.

Multilingual communication within the world community is important for economic, political, and cultural interactions. In a global environment where other languages are increasing in importance in addition to recognized intemational standards (i. e., English and French), language learning is becoming more important for improved international relations. At the same time, recent advances in instructional technology make the promise of building intelligent tutoring systems in advanced technology laboratories to teach these language skills a reality in the near future. These tutoring systems, therefore, may help us foster improved methods for acquiring languages. As active language learners and instructional technology researchers, we felt an international meeting with similar individuals was needed to discuss how such advanced tutoring systems are to be designed and implemented. We held such a meeting, the results of which are presented in this volume. The purpose of this Advanced Workshop, sponsored by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, was to bring together a multidisciplinary group of researchers who were active in the development of intelligent tutoring systems for foreign language learning. Participants came from computer science, computational linguistics, psychology, and foreign language learning. Washington, D.C. was selected for the Workshop site since it is Merryanna''s home city, the capitol of the United States, and an international, multilingual community in its own right. Masoud agreed to the location (with a promise to be shown the White House!) and graciously volunteered to coordinate activities from the European side.

Multilingual communication within the world community is important for economic, political, and cultural interactions. In a global environment where other languages are increasing in importance in addition to recognized intemational standards (i. e., English and French), language learning is becoming more important for improved international relations. At the same time, recent advances in instructional technology make the promise of building intelligent tutoring systems in advanced technology laboratories to teach these language skills a reality in the near future. These tutoring systems, therefore, may help us foster improved methods for acquiring languages. As active language learners and instructional technology researchers, we felt an international meeting with similar individuals was needed to discuss how such advanced tutoring systems are to be designed and implemented. We held such a meeting, the results of which are presented in this volume. The purpose of this Advanced Workshop, sponsored by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, was to bring together a multidisciplinary group of researchers who were active in the development of intelligent tutoring systems for foreign language learning. Participants came from computer science, computational linguistics, psychology, and foreign language learning. Washington, D.C. was selected for the Workshop site since it is Merryanna's home city, the capitol of the United States, and an international, multilingual community in its own right. Masoud agreed to the location (with a promise to be shown the White House!) and graciously volunteered to coordinate activities from the European side.

The articles here combine breadth of perspectives with a focus on the field's two major areas of work: learning environments and tutoring systems. The section on learning environments addresses issues of cognitive style, metatheoretic objectives, domain analysis, and a variety of implemented prototype systems: programming by example, Object-orientated Logo and the educational use of constraint based language. The domains of application range from single-word learning to algebra and architectural design. The section on intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) presents a spectrum of work grown out of the classic knowledge engineering paradigm, discussing principles and emerging methodologies for ITS construction: authoring shells, user modelling, and the role of machine learning. The applications reported range from elementary number knowledge to electronic circuits and complex industrial processes.

The convergence of interests between advocates of intelligent tutoring systems and those of more exploratory learning environments is being realized in a melding of research programs and implemented systems, exhibited in fact by the chapters collected for this volume.

Our society is becoming a more visual culture day-by-day. This book offers detailed analyses of how to combine words with pictures to communicate clearly across cultural barriers. While some information is better communicated by one kind of media than another, some information is communicated most effectively through a combination of media. This book presents a critical framework within which iconic communication systems can be developed to truly bridge linguistic and cultural gaps and to provide effective computer-based systems for conveying information on a global scale. With valuable insights for the Information and Communication industries, this book draws on the work presented at several conferences on the subject and is designed primarily for graphic designers and human-computer interface developers as well as supplementary reading on degree courses in Information Technology.