Michael Kalis – författare

The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region provides insight into the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region.

Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region has undergone significant transformation in the last number of years. Energy actors in the region are struggling to reconcile new questions of energy security following the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of Ukraine with net-zero objectives and a cost-of-living crisis. Balancing these concerns is essential to resolving the “energy trilemma”: the dilemma that emerges for policy-makers and regulators seeking to balance energy security, equity, and environmental concerns in pursuit of a wholly sustainable energy system. This volume draws together a range of perspectives from scholars of the Baltic Sea Region seeking to understand the manifestations and impact of these systemic regional changes. In considering previously underexamined studies on the energy trilemma and in providing new perspectives by framing the trilemma in times of crisis, this book provides new conceptual and empirical insight into a rapidly changing energy region at the heart of both European energy policy and the current energy crisis.

This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy politics, energy law and policy, energy transitions, and Baltic studies more broadly.

The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region provides insight into the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region.

Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region has undergone significant transformation in the last number of years. Energy actors in the region are struggling to reconcile new questions of energy security following the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of Ukraine with net-zero objectives and a cost-of-living crisis. Balancing these concerns is essential to resolving the “energy trilemma”: the dilemma that emerges for policy-makers and regulators seeking to balance energy security, equity, and environmental concerns in pursuit of a wholly sustainable energy system. This volume draws together a range of perspectives from scholars of the Baltic Sea Region seeking to understand the manifestations and impact of these systemic regional changes. In considering previously underexamined studies on the energy trilemma and in providing new perspectives by framing the trilemma in times of crisis, this book provides new conceptual and empirical insight into a rapidly changing energy region at the heart of both European energy policy and the current energy crisis.

This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy politics, energy law and policy, energy transitions, and Baltic studies more broadly.

Hydrogen is increasingly seen as a key element of Europe’s energy transition, central to both decarbonisation and energy security. This edited volume provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of what can be called “Hydrogen Law” in the European Union and Europe, examining how law and governance are shaping the emergence of a hydrogen market.

The volume brings together leading academic and practitioner perspectives to analyse the evolving regulatory framework for hydrogen across the entire value chain, from production and certification to infrastructure, markets, public funding, and international trade. It situates hydrogen within EU energy and climate law, explores key concepts such as renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, and addresses cross-cutting issues including state aid, network regulation, planning, public participation, and justice. Combining general legal analysis with regional and comparative case studies – such as hydrogen valleys, hubs, and partnerships with third countries – the volume highlights regulatory challenges, emerging solutions, and future pathways towards a coherent European hydrogen law.

The book is aimed at scholars, policymakers, regulators, legal practitioners, and advanced students working in energy law, EU law, sustainability, and the energy transition, as well as stakeholders involved in hydrogen markets and infrastructure development.