Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints.

Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial.�Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book. Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries

Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial. Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book.- Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations- Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices- Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries

Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints.- Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations- Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies- Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups. Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in all these processes. Nanofluids and Mass Transfer introduces the role of nanofluids in improving mass transfer phenomena and expressing their characteristics and properties. The book also covers the theory and modelling procedures in details and finally illustrates various applications of Nanofluids in mass transfer enhancement in various processes such as absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes and how can nanofluids increase mass transfer in processes.

Introduces specifications of nanofluids and mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by nanofluids in various mass transfer processes Discusses mass transfer enhancement in various mass transfer processes such as: absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes Offers modelling mass transfer and flow in nanofluids Challenges industrialization and scale up of nanofluids

In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups. Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in all these processes. Nanofluids and Mass Transfer introduces the role of nanofluids in improving mass transfer phenomena and expressing their characteristics and properties. The book also covers the theory and modelling procedures in details and finally illustrates various applications of Nanofluids in mass transfer enhancement in various processes such as absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes and how can nanofluids increase mass transfer in processes.- Introduces specifications of nanofluids and mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by nanofluids in various mass transfer processes- Discusses mass transfer enhancement in various mass transfer processes such as: absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes- Offers modelling mass transfer and flow in nanofluids- Challenges industrialization and scale up of nanofluids

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail. Introduces various adsorption and absorption techniques for purifying syngas Describes syngas purification by various membranes Discusses novel technologies for syngas purification

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Process Modelling and Apparatus Simulation consists of numerical modeling and simulation of different processes and apparatus for producing syngas, purifying it as well as synthesizing different chemical materials or generating heat and energy from syngas. These apparatus and processes include, but are not limited to, reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, swing technologies and� membranes. Introduces numerical modeling and the simulation of syngas production processes and apparatus Describes numerical models and simulation procedures utilized for syngas purification processes and equipment Discusses modelling and simulation of processes using syngas as a source for producing chemicals and power

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented.

Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail.

Introduces the effects of natural disasters on the oil, gas and petrochemical industries Describes the effect of manmade disasters on oil, gas and petrochemical industries Discusses the long-term side effects of oil, gas and petrochemical units on humans and the environments

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented.Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail.- Introduces the effects of natural disasters on the oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Describes the effect of manmade disasters on oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Discusses the long-term side effects of oil, gas and petrochemical units on humans and the environments

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world. Introduces pre-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries Describes during-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries Discusses post-disaster management methods in oil, gas and petrochemical industries

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world.- Introduces pre-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Describes during-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Discusses post-disaster management methods in oil, gas and petrochemical industries

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail.- Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties- Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas- Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail.- Introduces various adsorption and absorption techniques for purifying syngas- Describes syngas purification by various membranes- Discusses novel technologies for syngas purification

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail.- Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties- Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas- Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Process Modelling and Apparatus Simulation consists of numerical modeling and simulation of different processes and apparatus for producing syngas, purifying it as well as synthesizing different chemical materials or generating heat and energy from syngas. These apparatus and processes include, but are not limited to, reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, swing technologies and membranes.- Introduces numerical modeling and the simulation of syngas production processes and apparatus- Describes numerical models and simulation procedures utilized for syngas purification processes and equipment- Discusses modelling and simulation of processes using syngas as a source for producing chemicals and power

Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Oily Wastewaters focuses on characteristics and innovative treatment technologies of oily wastewater from various resources. Primary and physical treatment methods such as absorption, adsorption, followed by common techniques like coagulation and fluctuation are discussed in detail. Applications of other advanced methods for the treatment of oily wastewaters like utilization of membranes and stripping gases are covered as well. Finally, novel technologies applied in purification of oily wastewaters such as photocatalytic degradation and biological processes are reviewed and future outlooks and prospects are also illustrated.- Introduces the characteristics of oily wastewaters from various sources- Includes primary and physical treatment techniques applied on oily wastewaters such as settlement, absorption, and adsorption- Describes advanced oily wastewater treatment technologies such as coagulation, fluctuation, and membrane- Explains novel processes for oily wastewater treatment such as biological processes and photocatalytic degradation

Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Oily Wastewaters focuses on characteristics and innovative treatment technologies of oily wastewater from various resources. Primary and physical treatment methods such as absorption, adsorption, followed by common techniques like coagulation and fluctuation are discussed in detail. Applications of other advanced methods for the treatment of oily wastewaters like utilization of membranes and stripping gases are covered as well. Finally, novel technologies applied in purification of oily wastewaters such as photocatalytic degradation and biological processes are reviewed and future outlooks and prospects are also illustrated.

Introduces the characteristics of oily wastewaters from various sources Includes primary and physical treatment techniques applied on oily wastewaters such as settlement, absorption, and adsorption Describes advanced oily wastewater treatment technologies such as coagulation, fluctuation, and membrane Explains novel processes for oily wastewater treatment such as biological processes and photocatalytic degradation

Homogeneous Catalysis Concepts and Basics, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.

Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalystsDescribes transition metal, ligand and solvent role in homogeneous catalystsExplains preparation, characterization, deactivation and regeneration of homogeneous catalystsPresents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.- Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts- Describes transition metal, ligand and solvent role in homogeneous catalysts- Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts- Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels) by hydrotreating processes. By including introductory information, the book covers in detail the identification of hydrotreating processes such as thermocatalytic reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts and hydrogen. Required materials for the development of the process are investigated with consideration of the characteristics of biomass, bio-oil production, upgrading alternatives, hydrotreating alternatives, hydrotreating of different biomass-based materials, hydrodeoxygenation of separated bio-oil compounds, classification of the hydrotreating catalysts, life cycle assessment, and hydrogen production routes. Information regarding the further development of the process is collected to encourage further progress toward a scalable process for biofuel production and the development of a large-scale hydrotreating strategy.- Includes detailed descriptions of hydrotreating catalysts- Discusses the technical requirements for developing hydrotreating process- Illustrates the necessity and importance of biomass resources

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions, a volume is in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters, and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer-Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts, providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective.

Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactionsDescribes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactionsExplains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions with Homogeneous Catalysts and Process Development, a volume is in the Advances in Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective.- Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions- Describes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions- Explains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Catalysts Development, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.

Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalystsDescribes transition metal, ligand, and solvent roles in homogeneous catalystsExplains preparation, characterization, deactivation, and regeneration of homogeneous catalystsPresents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.- Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts- Describes transition metal, ligand, and solvent roles in homogeneous catalysts- Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation, and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts- Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators.

Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactionsDescribes various oxidation homogeneous reactionsExplains oxidation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators.- Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactions- Describes various oxidation homogeneous reactions- Explains oxidation economic and environmental challenges

Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints.

Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial.�Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book. Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries

Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial. Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book.- Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations- Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices- Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries

Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints.- Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations- Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies- Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups. Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in all these processes. Nanofluids and Mass Transfer introduces the role of nanofluids in improving mass transfer phenomena and expressing their characteristics and properties. The book also covers the theory and modelling procedures in details and finally illustrates various applications of Nanofluids in mass transfer enhancement in various processes such as absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes and how can nanofluids increase mass transfer in processes.

Introduces specifications of nanofluids and mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by nanofluids in various mass transfer processes Discusses mass transfer enhancement in various mass transfer processes such as: absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes Offers modelling mass transfer and flow in nanofluids Challenges industrialization and scale up of nanofluids

In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups. Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in all these processes. Nanofluids and Mass Transfer introduces the role of nanofluids in improving mass transfer phenomena and expressing their characteristics and properties. The book also covers the theory and modelling procedures in details and finally illustrates various applications of Nanofluids in mass transfer enhancement in various processes such as absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes and how can nanofluids increase mass transfer in processes.- Introduces specifications of nanofluids and mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by nanofluids in various mass transfer processes- Discusses mass transfer enhancement in various mass transfer processes such as: absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes- Offers modelling mass transfer and flow in nanofluids- Challenges industrialization and scale up of nanofluids

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail. Introduces various adsorption and absorption techniques for purifying syngas Describes syngas purification by various membranes Discusses novel technologies for syngas purification

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Process Modelling and Apparatus Simulation consists of numerical modeling and simulation of different processes and apparatus for producing syngas, purifying it as well as synthesizing different chemical materials or generating heat and energy from syngas. These apparatus and processes include, but are not limited to, reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, swing technologies and� membranes. Introduces numerical modeling and the simulation of syngas production processes and apparatus Describes numerical models and simulation procedures utilized for syngas purification processes and equipment Discusses modelling and simulation of processes using syngas as a source for producing chemicals and power

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented.

Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail.

Introduces the effects of natural disasters on the oil, gas and petrochemical industries Describes the effect of manmade disasters on oil, gas and petrochemical industries Discusses the long-term side effects of oil, gas and petrochemical units on humans and the environments

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented.Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail.- Introduces the effects of natural disasters on the oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Describes the effect of manmade disasters on oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Discusses the long-term side effects of oil, gas and petrochemical units on humans and the environments

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world. Introduces pre-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries Describes during-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries Discusses post-disaster management methods in oil, gas and petrochemical industries

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world.- Introduces pre-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Describes during-disaster strategies in oil, gas and petrochemical industries- Discusses post-disaster management methods in oil, gas and petrochemical industries

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail.- Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties- Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas- Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail.- Introduces various adsorption and absorption techniques for purifying syngas- Describes syngas purification by various membranes- Discusses novel technologies for syngas purification

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail.- Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties- Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas- Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Process Modelling and Apparatus Simulation consists of numerical modeling and simulation of different processes and apparatus for producing syngas, purifying it as well as synthesizing different chemical materials or generating heat and energy from syngas. These apparatus and processes include, but are not limited to, reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, swing technologies and membranes.- Introduces numerical modeling and the simulation of syngas production processes and apparatus- Describes numerical models and simulation procedures utilized for syngas purification processes and equipment- Discusses modelling and simulation of processes using syngas as a source for producing chemicals and power

Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Oily Wastewaters focuses on characteristics and innovative treatment technologies of oily wastewater from various resources. Primary and physical treatment methods such as absorption, adsorption, followed by common techniques like coagulation and fluctuation are discussed in detail. Applications of other advanced methods for the treatment of oily wastewaters like utilization of membranes and stripping gases are covered as well. Finally, novel technologies applied in purification of oily wastewaters such as photocatalytic degradation and biological processes are reviewed and future outlooks and prospects are also illustrated.- Introduces the characteristics of oily wastewaters from various sources- Includes primary and physical treatment techniques applied on oily wastewaters such as settlement, absorption, and adsorption- Describes advanced oily wastewater treatment technologies such as coagulation, fluctuation, and membrane- Explains novel processes for oily wastewater treatment such as biological processes and photocatalytic degradation

Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Oily Wastewaters focuses on characteristics and innovative treatment technologies of oily wastewater from various resources. Primary and physical treatment methods such as absorption, adsorption, followed by common techniques like coagulation and fluctuation are discussed in detail. Applications of other advanced methods for the treatment of oily wastewaters like utilization of membranes and stripping gases are covered as well. Finally, novel technologies applied in purification of oily wastewaters such as photocatalytic degradation and biological processes are reviewed and future outlooks and prospects are also illustrated.

Introduces the characteristics of oily wastewaters from various sources Includes primary and physical treatment techniques applied on oily wastewaters such as settlement, absorption, and adsorption Describes advanced oily wastewater treatment technologies such as coagulation, fluctuation, and membrane Explains novel processes for oily wastewater treatment such as biological processes and photocatalytic degradation

Homogeneous Catalysis Concepts and Basics, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.

Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalystsDescribes transition metal, ligand and solvent role in homogeneous catalystsExplains preparation, characterization, deactivation and regeneration of homogeneous catalystsPresents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.- Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts- Describes transition metal, ligand and solvent role in homogeneous catalysts- Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts- Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels) by hydrotreating processes. By including introductory information, the book covers in detail the identification of hydrotreating processes such as thermocatalytic reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts and hydrogen. Required materials for the development of the process are investigated with consideration of the characteristics of biomass, bio-oil production, upgrading alternatives, hydrotreating alternatives, hydrotreating of different biomass-based materials, hydrodeoxygenation of separated bio-oil compounds, classification of the hydrotreating catalysts, life cycle assessment, and hydrogen production routes. Information regarding the further development of the process is collected to encourage further progress toward a scalable process for biofuel production and the development of a large-scale hydrotreating strategy.- Includes detailed descriptions of hydrotreating catalysts- Discusses the technical requirements for developing hydrotreating process- Illustrates the necessity and importance of biomass resources

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions, a volume is in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters, and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer-Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts, providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective.

Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactionsDescribes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactionsExplains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions with Homogeneous Catalysts and Process Development, a volume is in the Advances in Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective.- Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions- Describes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions- Explains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Catalysts Development, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.

Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalystsDescribes transition metal, ligand, and solvent roles in homogeneous catalystsExplains preparation, characterization, deactivation, and regeneration of homogeneous catalystsPresents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.- Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts- Describes transition metal, ligand, and solvent roles in homogeneous catalysts- Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation, and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts- Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators.

Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactionsDescribes various oxidation homogeneous reactionsExplains oxidation economic and environmental challenges

Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators.- Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactions- Describes various oxidation homogeneous reactions- Explains oxidation economic and environmental challenges