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21 produkter
21 produkter
Del 4 - Information Retrieval Series
Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics
Advanced Models for the Representation and Retrieval of Information
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
3 888 kr
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In recent years, there have been several attempts to define a logic for information retrieval (IR). The aim was to provide a rich and uniform representation of information and its semantics with the goal of improving retrieval effectiveness. The basis of a logical model for IR is the assumption that queries and documents can be represented effectively by logical formulae. To retrieve a document, an IR system has to infer the formula representing the query from the formula representing the document. This logical interpretation of query and document emphasizes that relevance in IR is an inference process. The use of logic to build IR models enables one to obtain models that are more general than earlier well-known IR models. Indeed, some logical models are able to represent within a uniform framework various features of IR systems such as hypermedia links, multimedia data, and user's knowledge. Logic also provides a common approach to the integration of IR systems with logical database systems. Finally, logic makes it possible to reason about an IR model and its properties. This latter possibility is becoming increasingly more important since conventional evaluation methods, although good indicators of the effectiveness of IR systems, often give results which cannot be predicted, or for that matter satisfactorily explained. However, logic by itself cannot fully model IR. The success or the failure of the inference of the query formula from the document formula is not enough to model relevance in IR. It is necessary to take into account the uncertainty inherent in such an inference process. In 1986, Van Rijsbergen proposed the uncertainty logical principle to model relevance as an uncertain inference process. When proposing the principle, Van Rijsbergen was not specific about which logic and which uncertainty theory to use. As a consequence, various logics and uncertainty theories have been proposed and investigated. The choice of an appropriate logic and uncertainty mechanism has been a main research theme in logical IR modeling leading to a number of logical IR models over the years. Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics contains a collection of exciting papers proposing, developing and implementing logical IR models. This book is appropriate for use as a text for a graduate-level course on Information Retrieval or Database Systems, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
3 775 kr
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In recent years, there have been several attempts to define a logic for information retrieval (IR). The aim was to provide a rich and uniform representation of information and its semantics with the goal of improving retrieval effectiveness. The basis of a logical model for IR is the assumption that queries and documents can be represented effectively by logical formulae. To retrieve a document, an IR system has to infer the formula representing the query from the formula representing the document. This logical interpretation of query and document emphasizes that relevance in IR is an inference process. The use of logic to build IR models enables one to obtain models that are more general than earlier well-known IR models. Indeed, some logical models are able to represent within a uniform framework various features of IR systems such as hypermedia links, multimedia data, and user's knowledge. Logic also provides a common approach to the integration of IR systems with logical database systems. Finally, logic makes it possible to reason about an IR model and its properties. This latter possibility is becoming increasingly more important since conventional evaluation methods, although good indicators of the effectiveness of IR systems, often give results which cannot be predicted, or for that matter satisfactorily explained. However, logic by itself cannot fully model IR. The success or the failure of the inference of the query formula from the document formula is not enough to model relevance in IR. It is necessary to take into account the uncertainty inherent in such an inference process. In 1986, Van Rijsbergen proposed the uncertainty logical principle to model relevance as an uncertain inference process. When proposing the principle, Van Rijsbergen was not specific about which logic and which uncertainty theory to use. As a consequence, various logics and uncertainty theories have been proposed and investigated. The choice of an appropriate logic and uncertainty mechanism has been a main research theme in logical IR modeling leading to a number of logical IR models over the years. Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics contains a collection of exciting papers proposing, developing and implementing logical IR models. This book is appropriate for use as a text for a graduate-level course on Information Retrieval or Database Systems, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20124 857 kr
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In recent years, there have been several attempts to define a logic for information retrieval (IR). The aim was to provide a rich and uniform representation of information and its semantics with the goal of improving retrieval effectiveness. The basis of a logical model for IR is the assumption that queries and documents can be represented effectively by logical formulae. To retrieve a document, an IR system has to infer the formula representing the query from the formula representing the document. This logical interpretation of query and document emphasizes that relevance in IR is an inference process. The use of logic to build IR models enables one to obtain models that are more general than earlier well-known IR models. Indeed, some logical models are able to represent within a uniform framework various features of IR systems such as hypermedia links, multimedia data, and user''s knowledge. Logic also provides a common approach to the integration of IR systems with logical database systems. Finally, logic makes it possible to reason about an IR model and its properties. This latter possibility is becoming increasingly more important since conventional evaluation methods, although good indicators of the effectiveness of IR systems, often give results which cannot be predicted, or for that matter satisfactorily explained. However, logic by itself cannot fully model IR. The success or the failure of the inference of the query formula from the document formula is not enough to model relevance in IR. It is necessary to take into account the uncertainty inherent in such an inference process. In 1986, Van Rijsbergen proposed the uncertainty logical principle to model relevance as an uncertain inference process. When proposing the principle, Van Rijsbergen was not specific about which logic and which uncertainty theory to use. As a consequence, various logics and uncertainty theories have been proposed and investigated. The choice of an appropriate logic and uncertainty mechanism has been a main research theme in logical IR modeling leading to a number of logical IR models over the years. Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics contains a collection of exciting papers proposing, developing and implementing logical IR models. This book is appropriate for use as a text for a graduate-level course on Information Retrieval or Database Systems, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
284 kr
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Documents usually have a content and a structure. The content refers to the text of the document, whereas the structure refers to how a document is logically organized. An increasingly common way to encode the structure is through the use of a mark-up language. Nowadays, the most widely used mark-up language for representing structure is the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). XML can be used to provide a focused access to documents, i.e. returning XML elements, such as sections and paragraphs, instead of whole documents in response to a query. Such focused strategies are of particular benefit for information repositories containing long documents, or documents covering a wide variety of topics, where users are directed to the most relevant content within a document. The increased adoption of XML to represent a document structure requires the development of tools to effectively access documents marked-up in XML. This book provides a detailed description of query languages, indexing strategies, ranking algorithms, presentation scenarios developed to access XML documents. Major advances in XML retrieval were seen from 2002 as a result of INEX, the Initiative for Evaluation of XML Retrieval. INEX, also described in this book, provided test sets for evaluating XML retrieval effectiveness. Many of the developments and results described in this book were investigated within INEX. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic XML Concepts / Historical Perspectives / Query Languages / Indexing Strategies / Ranking Strategies / Presentation Strategies / Evaluating XML Retrieval Effectiveness / Conclusions
Häftad, Engelska, 2014
373 kr
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User engagement refers to the quality of the user experience that emphasizes the positive aspects of interacting with an online application and, in particular, the desire to use that application longer and repeatedly. User engagement is a key concept in the design of online applications (whether for desktop, tablet or mobile), motivated by the observation that successful applications are not just used, but are engaged with. Users invest time, attention, and emotion in their use of technology, and seek to satisfy pragmatic and hedonic needs. Measurement is critical for evaluating whether online applications are able to successfully engage users, and may inform the design of and use of applications. User engagement is a multifaceted, complex phenomenon; this gives rise to a number of potential measurement approaches. Common ways to evaluate user engagement include using self-report measures, e.g., questionnaires; observational methods, e.g. facial expression analysis, speech analysis; neuro-physiological signal processing methods, e.g., respiratory and cardiovascular accelerations and decelerations, muscle spasms; and web analytics, e.g., number of site visits, click depth. These methods represent various trade-offs in terms of the setting (laboratory versus ``in the wild''), object of measurement (user behaviour, affect or cognition) and scale of data collected. For instance, small-scale user studies are deep and rich, but limited in terms of generalizability, whereas large-scale web analytic studies are powerful but negate users' motivation and context. The focus of this book is how user engagement is currently being measured and various considerations for its measurement. Our goal is to leave readers with an appreciation of the various ways in which to measure user engagement, and their associated strengths and weaknesses. We emphasize the multifaceted nature of user engagement and the unique contextual constraints that come to bear upon attempts to measure engagement in different settings, and across different user groups and web domains. At the same time, this book advocates for the development of ``good'' measures and good measurement practices that will advance the study of user engagement and improve our understanding of this construct, which has become so vital in our wired world.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2022375 kr
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Documents usually have a content and a structure. The content refers to the text of the document, whereas the structure refers to how a document is logically organized. An increasingly common way to encode the structure is through the use of a mark-up language. Nowadays, the most widely used mark-up language for representing structure is the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). XML can be used to provide a focused access to documents, i.e. returning XML elements, such as sections and paragraphs, instead of whole documents in response to a query. Such focused strategies are of particular benefit for information repositories containing long documents, or documents covering a wide variety of topics, where users are directed to the most relevant content within a document. The increased adoption of XML to represent a document structure requires the development of tools to effectively access documents marked-up in XML. This book provides a detailed description of query languages, indexing strategies, ranking algorithms, presentation scenarios developed to access XML documents. Major advances in XML retrieval were seen from 2002 as a result of INEX, the Initiative for Evaluation of XML Retrieval. INEX, also described in this book, provided test sets for evaluating XML retrieval effectiveness. Many of the developments and results described in this book were investigated within INEX. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic XML Concepts / Historical Perspectives / Query Languages / Indexing Strategies / Ranking Strategies / Presentation Strategies / Evaluating XML Retrieval Effectiveness / Conclusions
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2022444 kr
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User engagement refers to the quality of the user experience that emphasizes the positive aspects of interacting with an online application and, in particular, the desire to use that application longer and repeatedly. User engagement is a key concept in the design of online applications (whether for desktop, tablet or mobile), motivated by the observation that successful applications are not just used, but are engaged with. Users invest time, attention, and emotion in their use of technology, and seek to satisfy pragmatic and hedonic needs. Measurement is critical for evaluating whether online applications are able to successfully engage users, and may inform the design of and use of applications. User engagement is a multifaceted, complex phenomenon; this gives rise to a number of potential measurement approaches. Common ways to evaluate user engagement include using self-report measures, e.g., questionnaires; observational methods, e.g. facial expression analysis, speech analysis; neuro-physiological signal processing methods, e.g., respiratory and cardiovascular accelerations and decelerations, muscle spasms; and web analytics, e.g., number of site visits, click depth. These methods represent various trade-offs in terms of the setting (laboratory versus ``in the wild''''), object of measurement (user behaviour, affect or cognition) and scale of data collected. For instance, small-scale user studies are deep and rich, but limited in terms of generalizability, whereas large-scale web analytic studies are powerful but negate users'' motivation and context. The focus of this book is how user engagement is currently being measured and various considerations for its measurement. Our goal is to leave readers with an appreciation of the various ways in which to measure user engagement, and their associated strengths and weaknesses. We emphasize the multifaceted nature of user engagement and the unique contextual constraints that come to bear upon attempts to measure engagement in different settings, and across different user groups and web domains. At the same time, this book advocates for the development of ``good'''' measures and good measurement practices that will advance the study of user engagement and improve our understanding of this construct, which has become so vital in our wired world.
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
561 kr
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The ultimate goal of many information access systems (e.g., digital libraries, the Web, intranets) is to provide the right content to their end-users. This content is increasingly a mixture of text, multimedia, and metadata, and is formatted according to the adopted –W3C standard for information repositories, the so-called eXtensible Markup L- guage (XML). Whereas many of today’s information access systems still treat do- ments as single large (text) blocks, XML offers the opportunity to exploit the internal structure of documents in order to allow for more precise access thus providing more specific answers to user requests. Providing effective access to XML-based content is therefore a key issue for the success of these systems. The aim of the INEX campaign (Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval), which was set up at the beginning of 2002, is to establish infrastructures, XML test suites, and appropriate measurements for evaluating the performance of information retrieval systems that aim at giving effective access to XML content. More precisely, the goal of the INEX initiative is to provide means, in the form of a large XML test collection and appropriate scoring methods, for the evaluation of content-oriented XML retrieval systems.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2005708 kr
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The ultimate goal of many information access systems (e.g., digital libraries, the Web, intranets) is to provide the right content to their end-users. This content is increasingly a mixture of text, multimedia, and metadata, and is formatted according to the adopted –W3C standard for information repositories, the so-called eXtensible Markup L- guage (XML). Whereas many of today’s information access systems still treat do- ments as single large (text) blocks, XML offers the opportunity to exploit the internal structure of documents in order to allow for more precise access thus providing more specific answers to user requests. Providing effective access to XML-based content is therefore a key issue for the success of these systems. The aim of the INEX campaign (Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval), which was set up at the beginning of 2002, is to establish infrastructures, XML test suites, and appropriate measurements for evaluating the performance of information retrieval systems that aim at giving effective access to XML content. More precisely, the goal of the INEX initiative is to provide means, in the form of a large XML test collection and appropriate scoring methods, for the evaluation of content-oriented XML retrieval systems.
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
1 067 kr
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th These proceedings contain the refereed papers and posters presented at the 28 Annual European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2006), which was held at Imperial College London in South Kensington between April 10 and 12, 2006. ECIR is the annual conference of the British Computer Society’s Inf- mation Retrieval Specialist Group. The event started its life as a colloquium in 1978 and was held in the UK each year until 1998, when the event took place in Grenoble, France. Since then the venue has alternated between the UK and Continental Europe. In the last decade ECIR has grown to become the major Europeanforumforthediscussionofresearchinthe?eldofinformationretrieval. ECIR 2006 received 177 paper and 73 poster submissions, largely from the UK (18%) and Continental Europe (50%), but we had many sub- missions from furthera?eldincludingAmerica(7%),Asia(21%),Middle EastandAfrica(2%), and Australasia (2%). In total 37 papers and 28 posters were accepted, and two papers were converted to posters. All contributions were reviewed by at least three reviewers in a double anonymous process and then ranked during a ProgrammeCommittee meeting with respectto scienti?c quality andoriginality. It is a good and healthy sign for information retrieval in general, and ECIR in particular, that the submission rate has more than doubled over the past three years. The downside, of course, is that many high-quality submissions had to be rejected owing to a limited capacity of the conference.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20061 459 kr
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th These proceedings contain the refereed papers and posters presented at the 28 Annual European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2006), which was held at Imperial College London in South Kensington between April 10 and 12, 2006. ECIR is the annual conference of the British Computer Society’s Inf- mation Retrieval Specialist Group. The event started its life as a colloquium in 1978 and was held in the UK each year until 1998, when the event took place in Grenoble, France. Since then the venue has alternated between the UK and Continental Europe. In the last decade ECIR has grown to become the major Europeanforumforthediscussionofresearchinthe?eldofinformationretrieval. ECIR 2006 received 177 paper and 73 poster submissions, largely from the UK (18%) and Continental Europe (50%), but we had many sub- missions from furthera?eldincludingAmerica(7%),Asia(21%),Middle EastandAfrica(2%), and Australasia (2%). In total 37 papers and 28 posters were accepted, and two papers were converted to posters. All contributions were reviewed by at least three reviewers in a double anonymous process and then ranked during a ProgrammeCommittee meeting with respectto scienti?c quality andoriginality. It is a good and healthy sign for information retrieval in general, and ECIR in particular, that the submission rate has more than doubled over the past three years. The downside, of course, is that many high-quality submissions had to be rejected owing to a limited capacity of the conference.
561 kr
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Content-oriented XML retrieval has been receiving increasing interest due to the widespread use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML), which is becoming a standard document format on the Web, in digital libraries,and publishing. By exploiting the enriched source of syntactic and semantic information that XML markup provides, XML information retrieval (IR) systems aim to implement a more focused retrieval strategy and return document components, so-called XML elements – instead of complete documents – in response to a user query. This focused retrieval approach is of particular bene?t for collections containing long documents or documents covering a wide variety of topics (e.g., books, user manuals, legal documents, etc.), where users’ e?ort to locate relevant content can be reduced by directing them to the most relevant parts of the documents. Implementing this, more focused, retrieval paradigm means that an XML IR system needs not only to ?nd relevant information in the XML documents, but it also has to determine the appropriate level of granularity to be returned to the user. In addition, the relevance of a retrieved component may be dependent on meeting both content and structural query conditions.
708 kr
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Content-oriented XML retrieval has been receiving increasing interest due to the widespread use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML), which is becoming a standard document format on the Web, in digital libraries,and publishing. By exploiting the enriched source of syntactic and semantic information that XML markup provides, XML information retrieval (IR) systems aim to implement a more focused retrieval strategy and return document components, so-called XML elements – instead of complete documents – in response to a user query. This focused retrieval approach is of particular bene?t for collections containing long documents or documents covering a wide variety of topics (e.g., books, user manuals, legal documents, etc.), where users’ e?ort to locate relevant content can be reduced by directing them to the most relevant parts of the documents. Implementing this, more focused, retrieval paradigm means that an XML IR system needs not only to ?nd relevant information in the XML documents, but it also has to determine the appropriate level of granularity to be returned to the user. In addition, the relevance of a retrieved component may be dependent on meeting both content and structural query conditions.
562 kr
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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 5th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2006, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in December 2006. The papers are organized in topical sections on methodology and seven additional tracks on ad-hoc, natural language processing, heterogeneous collection, multimedia, interactive, use case, as well as document mining.
561 kr
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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2007, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in December 2007. The 37 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation at the workshop from 50 initial submissions. The papers are organized in an ad hoc track and 6 topical sections on book search, XML-mining, entity ranking, interactive, link-the-wiki, and multimedia.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2008708 kr
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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2007, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in December 2007. The 37 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation at the workshop from 50 initial submissions. The papers are organized in an ad hoc track and 6 topical sections on book search, XML-mining, entity ranking, interactive, link-the-wiki, and multimedia.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
561 kr
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In the 14 years since its ?rst edition back in 1997, the European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL) has become the reference meeting for an interdisciplinary community of researchers and practitioners whose professional activities revolve around the theme of d- th ital libraries. This volume contains the proceedings of ECDL 2010, the 14 conference in this series, which, following Pisa (1997), Heraklion (1998), Paris (1999),Lisbon(2000),Darmstadt(2001),Rome(2002),Trondheim(2003),Bath (2004), Vienna (2005), Alicante (2006), Budapest (2007), Aarhus (2008), and Corfu (2009), was held in Glasgow, UK, during September 6–10, 2010. th Asidefrombeingthe14 edition of ECDL, this was also the last, at least with this name since starting with 2011, ECDL will be renamed (so as to avoid acronym con?icts with the European Computer Driving Licence) to TPLD, standing for the Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. We hope you all will join us for TPDL 2011 in Berlin! For ECDL 2010 separate calls for papers, posters and demos were issued, - sulting in the submission to the conference of 102 full papers, 40 posters and 13 demos. This year, for the full papers, ECDL experimented with a novel, two-tier reviewing model, with the aim of further improving the quality of the resu- ing program. A ?rst-tier Program Committee of 87 members was formed, and a further Senior Program Committee composed of 15 senior members of the DL community was set up.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2010734 kr
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In the 14 years since its ?rst edition back in 1997, the European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL) has become the reference meeting for an interdisciplinary community of researchers and practitioners whose professional activities revolve around the theme of d- th ital libraries. This volume contains the proceedings of ECDL 2010, the 14 conference in this series, which, following Pisa (1997), Heraklion (1998), Paris (1999),Lisbon(2000),Darmstadt(2001),Rome(2002),Trondheim(2003),Bath (2004), Vienna (2005), Alicante (2006), Budapest (2007), Aarhus (2008), and Corfu (2009), was held in Glasgow, UK, during September 6–10, 2010. th Asidefrombeingthe14 edition of ECDL, this was also the last, at least with this name since starting with 2011, ECDL will be renamed (so as to avoid acronym con?icts with the European Computer Driving Licence) to TPLD, standing for the Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. We hope you all will join us for TPDL 2011 in Berlin! For ECDL 2010 separate calls for papers, posters and demos were issued, - sulting in the submission to the conference of 102 full papers, 40 posters and 13 demos. This year, for the full papers, ECDL experimented with a novel, two-tier reviewing model, with the aim of further improving the quality of the resu- ing program. A ?rst-tier Program Committee of 87 members was formed, and a further Senior Program Committee composed of 15 senior members of the DL community was set up.
561 kr
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation, in continuation of the popular CLEF campaigns and workshops that have run for the last decade, CLEF 2011, held in Amsterdem, The Netherlands, in September 2011. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for the conference included research on evaluation methods and settings, natural language processing within different domains and languages, multimedia and reflections on CLEF. Two keynote speakers highlighted important developments in the field of evaluation: the role of users in evaluation and a framework for the use of crowdsourcing experiments in the setting of retrieval evaluation.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2011734 kr
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation, in continuation of the popular CLEF campaigns and workshops that have run for the last decade, CLEF 2011, held in Amsterdem, The Netherlands, in September 2011. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for the conference included research on evaluation methods and settings, natural language processing within different domains and languages, multimedia and reflections on CLEF. Two keynote speakers highlighted important developments in the field of evaluation: the role of users in evaluation and a framework for the use of crowdsourcing experiments in the setting of retrieval evaluation.