Muhammad Akram – författare

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN DRUG DISCOVERY Explore novel drug discovery updates from medicinal plants to help fight the devastating effects of neglected tropical diseases Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery delivers a comprehensive exploration of the drug discovery process as it pertains to neglected tropical diseases. The book covers recent advancements in drug discovery, as well as druggable targets and new challenges facing the industry. It offers readers expansive discussions of specific diseases, including protozoan, helminth, bacterial, viral, fungal, and ectoparasitic infections. This book provides readers with insightful perspectives from leading industry voices on fifty years of trends and progress in the search for new, safe, and affordable therapeutic drugs in the fight against neglected tropical diseases. It includes information beneficial to researchers in a variety of fields of biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmaceuticals. The distinguished authors cover topics including the effects of phytochemicals on the causative agent of leprosy and the potential applicability of phytochemicals in the management of Dengue fever. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of: Thorough introductions to neglected tropical diseases, phytochemicals, protein targets, and mechanisms in drug discovery, as well as the epidemiology of neglected tropical diseasesAn exploration of novel bioactive lead compounds for drug discovery against neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, trypanosomiasis, and schistosomiasisDiscussions of protozoan infections, including herbal, nutritional, and traditional remedies for giardiasis and the anti-leishmanial potentials of phytochemicalsExaminations of helminth infections, including the prospects of phytochemicals in the treatment of helminthiasisPerfect for medicinal chemists, drug developers, and research and development scientists, Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery will also earn a place in the libraries of toxicologists and researchers in biology, chemistry, medicinal chemistry, ethnobotany, and bioinformatics seeking a one-stop resource for drug discovery for neglected tropical diseases.

This book provides readers with an introduction to m-polar fuzzy graphs and m-polar fuzzy hypergraphs, covering both theories and applications. The book describes metrics and labeling in m-polar graphs, m-polar fuzzy matroids.

This book describes a set of hybrid fuzzy models showing how to use them to deal with incomplete and/or vague information in different kind of decision-making problems. Based on the authors’ research, it offers a concise introduction to important models, ranging from rough fuzzy digraphs and intuitionistic fuzzy rough models to bipolar fuzzy soft graphs and neutrosophic graphs, explaining how to construct them. For each method, applications to different multi-attribute, multi-criteria decision-making problems, are presented and discussed. The book, which addresses computer scientists, mathematicians, and social scientists, is intended as concise yet complete guide to basic tools for constructing hybrid intelligent models for dealing with some interesting real-world problems. It is also expected to stimulate readers’ creativity thus offering a source of inspiration for future research.

This book offers a comprehensive perspective of herbal medicine phytochemistry and explores the application of plant extracts as bioactive compounds in disease prevention and treatment in modern or traditional medicine. The book starts with an introduction to the history and value of herbal medicine, followed by 3 parts covering the main phytochemical components and metabolites in herbal medicine, different uses and practices in herbal medicine, including a region-wise analysis of methods and practices and an overview of regulations and policies for herbal medicinal practitioners, and the advances and challenges in quality assessment of herbal medicine.Plants generally have the tendency to bioaccumulate trace metals from the environment and they are easily contaminated by microorganisms from water sources and poor hygiene practices of the herbalist. Quality assessment and assurance is, thus, a pertinent challenge in herbal medicine practice (i.e., in remedy formulation and application), and this book offers an authoritative perspective on this topic, covering aspects such as quality control strategies, preparation techniques, chemical quantification in phytomedicine, and the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies. Moreover, in this book, readers will find valuable insights into the latest trends and developments in the field, and a critical review of the application of medicinal plants to treat cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory neurological and reproductive diseases. Particular attention is given to the advances and trends in the field, and readers will learn about the latest biotechnological approaches, the use of nanotechnology in herbal medicine, metabolomic analysis of medicinal plants, big data application in herbal medicine, and the value of herbal medicine towards sustainability.Given its breadth, this book is aimed at researchers, academics, practitioners and professionals working in the fields of natural, life, health, clinical, and biomedical sciences, and interested in herbal remedies, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, human nutrition and dietetics, plant biology, and biotechnology/microbiology.

Among them, hybrid models combining m-polar fuzzy sets with rough, soft and 2-tuple linguistic sets, and m-polar hesitant fuzzy sets and hesitant m-polar fuzzy are presented, together with some significant applications.

Among them, hybrid models combining m-polar fuzzy sets with rough, soft and 2-tuple linguistic sets, and m-polar hesitant fuzzy sets and hesitant m-polar fuzzy are presented, together with some significant applications.

This handbook offers a comprehensive perspective of edible mushrooms' phytochemistry and explores the application of bioactive compounds from fungi in nutrition, medicine, and environmental sustainability. The book starts with an overview of edible mushrooms' bioactive compounds, followed by 5 parts covering the diversity, classification and taxonomy of common edible mushrooms, their environmental roles, sustainable harvesting practices, nutritional value and health benefits, and characterization and quality control of bioactive compounds. The book concludes with a perspective on emerging uses and trends in mushroom consumption utilization.In this book, readers will find valuable insights into the latest trends and developments in the field, including how diverse edible mushroom species are used in culinary, medicinal, and ecological contexts. Particular attention is given to functional foods and the chemical composition of an extensive range of bioactive compounds in edible mushrooms, such as beta-glucans, polysaccharides, ergosterol, phenolic compounds, and triterpenoids. The book also explores the environmental impact of mushroom cultivation and the economic opportunities arising from the increasing demand for edible mushrooms and their bioactive compounds. Techniques and strategies for preserving mushrooms, detecting adulteration in the mushroom market, characterizing bioactive compounds, and ensuring quality control in production and distribution are thoroughly discussed.This comprehensive overview serves as an invaluable resource for a wide range of professionals, including researchers, healthcare practitioners, nutritionists, food technologists, and anyone interested in tapping into the potential of edible mushroom bioactive compounds for the improvement of health, nutrition, and sustainability.

This book explores certain structures of fuzzy Lie algebras, fuzzy Lie superalgebras and fuzzy n-Lie algebras. In addition, it applies various concepts to Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, including type-1 fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, vague sets and bipolar fuzzy sets. The book offers a valuable resource for students and researchers in mathematics, especially those interested in fuzzy Lie algebraic structures, as well as for other scientists.Divided into 10 chapters, the book begins with a concise review of fuzzy set theory, Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras. In turn, Chap. 2 discusses several properties of concepts like interval-valued fuzzy Lie ideals, characterizations of Noetherian Lie algebras, quotient Lie algebras via interval-valued fuzzy Lie ideals, and interval-valued fuzzy Lie superalgebras. Chaps. 3 and 4 focus on various concepts of fuzzy Lie algebras, while Chap. 5 presents the concept of fuzzy Lie ideals of a Lie algebra over a fuzzy field. Chapter 6 is devoted to the properties of bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals, bipolar fuzzy Lie subsuperalgebras, bipolar fuzzy bracket product, solvable bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals and nilpotent bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals. Chap. 7 deals with the properties of m-polar fuzzy Lie subalgebras and m-polar fuzzy Lie ideals, while Chap. 8 addresses concepts like soft intersection Lie algebras and fuzzy soft Lie algebras. Chap. 9 deals with rough fuzzy Lie subalgebras and rough fuzzy Lie ideals, and lastly, Chap. 10 investigates certain properties of fuzzy subalgebras and ideals of n-ary Lie algebras.

This book addresses single-valued neutrosophic graphs and their applications. In addition, it introduces readers to a number of central concepts, including certain types of single-valued  neutrosophic graphs, energy of single-valued  neutrosophic graphs, bipolar single-valued  neutrosophic planar graphs, isomorphism of intuitionistic single-valued  neutrosophic soft graphs, and single-valued  neutrosophic soft rough graphs.Divided into eight chapters, the book seeks to remedy the lack of a mathematical approach to indeterminate and inconsistent information. Chap. 1 presents a concise review of single-valued neutrosophic sets, while Chap. 2 explains the notion of neutrosophic graph structures and explores selected properties of neutrosophic graph structures. Chap. 3 discusses specific bipolar neutrosophic graphs. Chap. 4 highlights the concept of interval-valued neutrosophic graphs, while Chap. 5 presents certain notions concerning interval-valued neutrosophic graph structures. Chap. 6 addresses the concepts of rough neutrosophic digraphs and neutrosophic rough digraphs. Chap. 7 focuses on the concepts of neutrosophic soft graphs and intuitionistic neutrosophic soft graphs, before Chap. 8 rounds out the book by considering neutrosophic soft rough graphs.

This book presents the fundamental and technical concepts of fuzzy hypergraphs and explains their extensions and applications. It discusses applied generalized mathematical models of hypergraphs, including complex, intuitionistic, bipolar, m-polar fuzzy, Pythagorean, complex Pythagorean, and q-rung orthopair hypergraphs, as well as single-valued neutrosophic, complex neutrosophic and bipolar neutrosophic hypergraphs. In addition, the book also sheds light on real-world applications of these hypergraphs, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers in the field of mathematics, as well as computer and social scientists.

It discusses applied generalized mathematical models of hypergraphs, including complex, intuitionistic, bipolar, m-polar fuzzy, Pythagorean, complex Pythagorean, and q-rung orthopair hypergraphs, as well as single-valued neutrosophic, complex neutrosophic and bipolar neutrosophic hypergraphs.

It presents certain notions, including irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy circuits, energy in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs, and bipolar neutrosophic graph structures.

It presents certain notions, including irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy circuits, energy in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs, and bipolar neutrosophic graph structures.

This monograph discusses the theoretical and practical development of multicriteria decision making (MCDM). The main purpose of MCDM is the construction of systematized strategies for the "optimisation" of feasible options, as well as the justification of why some alternatives can be declared "optimal". However, at time, we must make decisions in an uncertain environment and such inconvenience gives rise to a much more elaborate scenario. This book highlights models where this lack of certainty can be flexibly fitted in and goes on to explore valuable strategies for making decisions under a multiplicity of criteria. Methods discussed include bipolar fuzzy TOPSIS method, bipolar fuzzy ELECTRE-I method, bipolar fuzzy ELECTRE-II method, bipolar fuzzy VIKOR method, bipolar fuzzy PROMETHEE method, and two-tuple linguistic bipolar fuzzy Heronian mean operators. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, computer scientists, and social scientists alike.