Nafees A. Khan – författare

Plant Signaling Molecule: Role and Regulation under Stressful Environments explores tolerance mechanisms mediated by signaling molecules in plants for achieving sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Including a wide range of potential molecules, from primary to secondary metabolites, the book presents the status and future prospects of the role and regulation of signaling molecules at physiological, biochemical, molecular and structural level under abiotic stress tolerance. This book is designed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of signaling molecules and will be an important resource for plant biologists in developing stress tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under changing environmental conditions.

Focuses on plant biology under stress conditions Provides a compendium of knowledge related to plant adaptation, physiology, biochemistry and molecular responses Identifies treatments that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses Illustrates specific physiological pathways that are considered key points for plant adaptation or tolerance to abiotic stresses

Regulation of Metal Stress Toxicity in Plants by Nitric Oxide examines the role of nitric oxide in regulating plant responses to metal toxicity. With a focus on regulation and signaling, this title analyzes how each key step of the plant lifecycle is affected. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of NO in regulating seed germination, nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, reactive oxygen species, Ca and hormone signaling, and their subsequent impacts on plant development under stressed and non-stressed conditions. As further roles of NO are emerging day-by-day in plant developmental processes, this book is a comprehensive source on the latest research.Metals such as cadmium, arsenic and aluminum are discussed in detail in this book, along with topics such as endogenous NO, exogenous NO, post-translational modifications and crosstalk with other signaling molecules. This title will be an essential read for researchers and students interested in plant biology, particularly plant signaling and regulation.

The Plant Hormone Ethylene: Stress Acclimation and Agricultural Applications presents current knowledge on our understanding of ethylene perception and signaling, its role in the regulation of plant physiological processes, and its contribution to acclimation in stressful environments.

Plants regularly face environmental constraints due to their immobile nature. In persistently changing environmental conditions, several stress factors influence cellular metabolism, ultimately causing reduced plant growth and development with a significant loss in agricultural productivity. Sustainable agriculture depends on the acclimation of plant processes to the changing environment through altered physiological and molecular responses, which are controlled by plant hormones, including ethylene. Ethylene interacts with other plant hormones and signaling molecules to regulate several cellular processes, plant growth and development, and, ultimately, crop productivity.

This book begins with an introduction to ethylene before providing a detailed study of the latest findings on the role of ethylene in plants, including its role in photosynthetic processes, flower development, leaf senescence, nutrients acquisition, and regulation of abiotic stress responses as well as its application in agriculture. The book is an ideal guide for researchers exploring plant physiology and biochemistry as well as for those investigating the use of ethylene knowledge in agriculture in persistently changing environmental conditions.

Provides state-of-the art insights into ethylene-regulated photosynthesis, growth, and productivity in crop plants Presents regulatory mechanisms of ethylene action Assists in developing physiomolecular strategies for augmenting crop performance in persistently changing environmental conditions

Biostimulants in Alleviation of Metal Toxicity in Plants: Emerging Trends and Opportunities focuses on the role of substances or micro-organisms whose presence can address issues of metal contamination in soils, seeds and plants. Including a range of biostimulant tools, the book highlights both endogenous and exogenous application. Written and edited by a global team of experts, this book presents an overview on biostimulants in determining metal toxicity. As plants encounter a wide range of environmental challenges during their lifecycle, among which metal toxicity is a common form of abiotic stress, this book thoroughly covers important topics on the subject matter.

Once inside a plant system, toxic metals may initiate a variety of physiological alterations in plants, including adversely impacted seed germination, root and shoot growth, chloroplasts ultrastructure and photosynthesis, nutrients assimilation, carbohydrates metabolism, and plant hormonal status which, collectively, results in reduced plants yields. In addition to several naturally occurring physiological and metabolic re-programing responses, plants may also modify their root and shoot systems in order to dilute entered amount of toxic metals. As an additional tool biostimulants have emerged as one of the important plant protectors under adverse conditions.

Includes endogenous and exogenous application of biostimulants Focuses on use based on specific metal contamination< Presents forward-looking prospects for the use of biostimulants in plant health protection

Polyamine-Phytohormone-Nutrient Network: Nexus in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses presents the latest global research on key tools for improving physiological and biochemical mechanisms that enhance plant health and productivity.Exposure of plants to abiotic stresses is inevitable, often leading to impaired growth, metabolism, and productivity. However, plants are naturally equipped with endogenous chemicals including intracellular messengers and signalling molecules that counteract potential stress impacts, protect cellular functions, and promote healthy growth and production. Polyamines (PAs) are low-molecular-weight, nitrogen-containing compounds with aliphatic polycationic properties. Beyond their role in growth and development, PAs enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Given their connection with phytohormones and mineral nutrients, understanding their interactions-whether synergistic or antagonistic-could shed light on their potential to mitigate these stresses.Written by a team of expert contributors, this volume in the Plant Biology, Sustainability, and Climate Change series focuses on the interactions among PAs, phytohormones, and mineral nutrients that are crucial for regulating nutrient assimilation, carbon fixation, and secondary metabolic pathways.Presents an exhaustive overview of the impacts and mechanics of major abiotic stresses on plant healthExplores the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the individual role of polyamines, phytohormones, and mineral nutrients in plant stress toleranceExplains the critical crosstalk in the physiological and biochemical interplay among polyamines, phytohormones, and mineral nutrients in plants exposed to abiotic stresses

Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants highlights the use of natural and inherent traits of plants and associated microbes to exclude, accumulate, or metabolize a variety of contaminants, with the goal of efficiently and sustainably decontaminating the biosphere from unwanted hazardous compounds. Contributed by an international team of authors, the book ensures a balance between theory and practice without compromising the basic conceptual framework of Phytotechnologies.Divided into three major sections, the book:Introduces contaminants and contaminated sites, and also highlights the significance of genus Brassica and vetiver grass species for varied environmental contaminants’ remediationPresents an exhaustive exploration of potential strategies for enhancing plants and associated microbes-mediated environmental contaminants’ remediationOverviews major physiological, biochemical, and genetic-molecular mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance and adaptation to varied environmental contaminantsA one-stop source of cutting edge answers and time-saving access, Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants is a common platform for engineers, environmental microbiologists, plant physiologists, and molecular biologists with the common aim of sustainable solutions to vital environmental issues. In short, the book provides a conceptual overview of ecosystems approaches and phytotechnologies, and their cumulative significance in relation to various environmental problems and potential solutions.

Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants highlights the use of natural and inherent traits of plants and associated microbes to exclude, accumulate, or metabolize a variety of contaminants, with the goal of efficiently and sustainably decontaminating the biosphere from unwanted hazardous compounds. Contributed by an international team of authors, the book ensures a balance between theory and practice without compromising the basic conceptual framework of Phytotechnologies.Divided into three major sections, the book: Introduces contaminants and contaminated sites, and also highlights the significance of genus Brassica and vetiver grass species for varied environmental contaminants’ remediationPresents an exhaustive exploration of potential strategies for enhancing plants and associated microbes-mediated environmental contaminants’ remediationOverviews major physiological, biochemical, and genetic-molecular mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance and adaptation to varied environmental contaminantsA one-stop source of cutting edge answers and time-saving access, Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants is a common platform for engineers, environmental microbiologists, plant physiologists, and molecular biologists with the common aim of sustainable solutions to vital environmental issues. In short, the book provides a conceptual overview of ecosystems approaches and phytotechnologies, and their cumulative significance in relation to various environmental problems and potential solutions.

This book deals with the gasotransmitters signaling in redox reactions and homeostasis for the adaptation of plants to unfavorable abiotic stress environments. There are lots of interesting chapters in this book that cover both research and educational objectives. This book serves as a reference illustrated book for all who are interested in the regulation of gasotransmitters and redox homeostasis in agriculture. Maintenance of redox homeostasis strengthens the potentiality of plants to resist abiotic stress conditions through the enhanced antioxidant system and the subsequent impact on other signaling molecules. The book presents novel outcomes and implications in plant biology concerning the study of different types of gasotransmitters signaling such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc. under diverse abiotic stresses in one place. The chapters of the book discuss the recent progress and current perspectives on the role of gasotransmitters relevance to plant functions and adaptations to abiotic stresses, the influence of gasotransmitters on the physiology of plants with respect to abiotic stress tolerance, gasotransmitters and omics for abiotic stress tolerance, advancement in the biology of gasotransmitters in regulating salinity and drought stress response in plants, new insights of gasotransmitters and cellular redox homeostasis in plants and the chapter also deliberate the emerging role of gasotransmitters in regulating redox homeostasis for plant stress management. This book is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects and advancements in the biology of gasotransmitters in redox homeostasis conferring different abiotic stress tolerance, from which readers from all backgrounds can get benefitted. This book will appeal to researchers, students, scientific societies, agriculturists, etc.

This book deals with the gasotransmitters signaling in redox reactions and homeostasis for the adaptation of plants to unfavorable abiotic stress environments. There are lots of interesting chapters in this book that cover both research and educational objectives. This book serves as a reference illustrated book for all who are interested in the regulation of gasotransmitters and redox homeostasis in agriculture. Maintenance of redox homeostasis strengthens the potentiality of plants to resist abiotic stress conditions through the enhanced antioxidant system and the subsequent impact on other signaling molecules. The book presents novel outcomes and implications in plant biology concerning the study of different types of gasotransmitters signaling such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc. under diverse abiotic stresses in one place. The chapters of the book discuss the recent progress and current perspectives on the role of gasotransmitters relevance to plant functions and adaptations to abiotic stresses, the influence of gasotransmitters on the physiology of plants with respect to abiotic stress tolerance, gasotransmitters and omics for abiotic stress tolerance, advancement in the biology of gasotransmitters in regulating salinity and drought stress response in plants, new insights of gasotransmitters and cellular redox homeostasis in plants and the chapter also deliberate the emerging role of gasotransmitters in regulating redox homeostasis for plant stress management. This book is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects and advancements in the biology of gasotransmitters in redox homeostasis conferring different abiotic stress tolerance, from which readers from all backgrounds can get benefitted. This book will appeal to researchers, students, scientific societies, agriculturists, etc.

Plant Biology is reaching an extraordinary degree of complexity, especially due to late technological advances. Integration from the molecular to the whole plant level of the mechanisms governing growth and developmental processes provides a better and an increasingly diverse vision of the functioning of plants in different habitats and under changing environmental conditions. This covers various levels of plant research: cellular, biochemical, molecular, physiological, ecological and evolutionary, allowing us to more precisely understand the physiological/molecular mechanisms, to see the richness of phenotypic responses of plants to the diverse environments, search the molecular basis of variation, consider the diversity and specificities of plant functionalism, progress made in the fundamental knowledge of reception of external signals and internal signaling pathways, the integration of metabolic functions, and the differentiation and development of plants exposed to stress.Brassicaceae is a large plant family with 338 genera, approximately globally distributed 4000 species, with major agro-economic and scientific importance. Several members are metal hyperaccumulators among 0.2 percent of all angiosperms, playing a role in phytoremediation technology. The oilseed Brassicas grow fast, yield high biomass and are well adapted with a potential for selecting superior genotypes for different purposes; well suited to genetic manipulation, in vitro culture techniques and attractive candidates for the introduction of genes.  The genus "Brassica" include oilseeds and vegetables of global economic importance. This book reviews advances in various areas of "Brassicas", covering the botanical aspects as well as use of rapid-cycle brassicas, their ecophysiology, tissue culture and gene transfer, molecular genetics, biotic and abiotic stress resilience, and molecular/speed breeding farming. It targets a potentially broad spectrum of audience ranging from the researchers in this field to undergraduate and graduate students who want an overview of current knowledge referred to the Brassica’s as food.

In Ethylene Action in Plants, classic and emerging roles of ethylene in plant developmental processes are integrated through recent advances ch- acterizing ethylene receptors, promoters and antagonists, and biological and environmental factors that mediate ethylene responses.

Sulfur is one of the four major essential elements necessary for the plant life cycle. Its assimilation in higher plants and its reduction in metabolically important sulfur compounds are crucial factors determining plant growth and vigor and resistance to stresses. The range of biological compounds that contain sulfur is wide. The information on sulfur assimilation can be exploited in tailoring for efficient sulfur utilization, and in the applied approaches for the sustenance of agricultural productivity through nutritional improvement and increased stress tolerance.The present book discusses the aspects of sustainable crop production with sulfur, the importance of sulfur metabolites and sulfur metabolizing enzymes in abiotic stress management in plants.

The discovery of the plant hormone ethylene was stunning—ethylene is a simple gas! Our expanding knowledge of the multiplicity of ethylene’s roles in plant development, physiology, and metabolism makes the study of this plant hormone increasingly compelling. Elucidation of the genetic regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, characterization of ethylene receptors and analysis of the pathway of ethylene signal transduction, coupled with the identifi- tion of components in the cascade and target genes, have provided insight into how this simple molecule can drive such a diversity of divergent processes. These scientific advances will lead to new technologies that will further enable researchers to harness the powers of ethylene for the benefit of agriculture. In Ethylene Action in Plants, classic and emerging roles of ethylene in plant developmental processes are integrated through recent advances ch- acterizing ethylene receptors, promoters and antagonists, and biological and environmental factors that mediate ethylene responses. The book’s editor, Dr. Nafees Khan, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, an expert on ethylene with an impressive number of publications on the interactions between ethylene, photosynthesis, and growth of Brassica spp, brought together a highly qualified group of international experts to provide state-- the-art information. To simply list the topics included does not do justice to the book’s contents, as the articles are not just a compilation of the literature relevant to the topic.

Sulfur is one of the four major essential elements necessary for the plant life cycle. Its assimilation in higher plants and its reduction in metabolically important sulfur compounds are crucial factors determining plant growth and vigor and resistance to stresses. The range of biological compounds that contain sulfur is wide. The information on sulfur assimilation can be exploited in tailoring for efficient sulfur utilization, and in the applied approaches for the sustenance of agricultural productivity through nutritional improvement and increased stress tolerance.The present book discusses the aspects of sustainable crop production with sulfur, the importance of sulfur metabolites and sulfur metabolizing enzymes in abiotic stress management in plants.

Plants are sessile and prone to multiple stresses in the changing environmental conditions. Of the several strategies adopted by plants to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stress, phytohormones provide signals to allow plants to survive under stress conditions. They are one of the key systems integrating metabolic and developmental events in the whole plant and the response of plants to external factors and are essential for many processes throughout the life of a plant and influence the yield and quality of crops. The book ‘Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants’ summarizes the current body of knowledge on crosstalk between plant stresses under the influence of phytohormones, and provides state-of-the-art knowledge of recent developments in understanding the role of phytohormones and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This book presents information on how modulation in phytohormone levels affect regulation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms.

The book ‘Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants’ summarizes the current body of knowledge on crosstalk between plant stresses under the influence of phytohormones, and provides state-of-the-art knowledge of recent developments in understanding the role of phytohormones and abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

The continual change in climatic conditions induces a series of adaptations in plants to suit the unfavorable conditions for sustainable agriculture. For sustainable agriculture, it is important to unravel the precise mechanism(s) that disturb the homeostatic equilibrium at cellular and molecular level and also to enhance understanding to build strategies for the tolerance of plants. Osmolytes have long been identified as pivotal abiotic stress busters because of their role in plants in overcoming extremely harsh environmental conditions. This edited compilation attempts to put forth the scattered knowledge on osmolytes and their role in abiotic stress tolerance together and disseminate as a package to deal with the problems of lower productivity under stressful environment. It will enhance the understanding on osmolytes function and bioengineering of plants for abiotic stress tolerance.The book covers very interesting topics dealing with various osmolytes and the mechanistic approach for abiotic stress tolerance to pave the path of agricultural scientists, breeders for developing high yielding sustainable transgenic crops.

With the advent of the industrial revolution , the biosphere has been continuously polluted with a myriad of contaminants that urgently need global attention. In this perspective, most of the genera of the plant family Brassicaceae (Crucifereae or the mustard family) are a significant part of the plants- and associated microbes-based strategies adopted for the cleanup of varied contaminants from environmental compartments. Important genus such as Alyssum, Arabidopsis, Brassica and Thlaspi from Brassicaceae which, besides acting as an attractive genetic model, well-represent the metal hyperaccumulation among approximately 0.2% of all angiosperms and thus, play a key role in the phytoremediation technology. This book i) provides an exhaustive evaluation of the current status of contaminants (metals/metalloids)-addition to varied environmental compartments and its consequences, ii) offers comprehensive and state-of-the-art information on the significance of the plants from the family Brassicaceae in solving environmental pollution issues, iii) examines the physiological, biochemical and molecular-genetic strategies adopted by the plants from Brassicaceae for the remediation of and tolerance to varied environmental contaminants, and iv) supplies a broad reference to the field of environmental science and related disciplines. As a pioneer work and significant addition to the Environmental Pollution book series, the current volume promises to be a useful asset for researchers, students, other academicians and policy makers involved in sustainable remediation of varied environmental compartments.

With the advent of the industrial revolution , the biosphere has been continuously polluted with a myriad of contaminants that urgently need global attention. In this perspective, most of the genera of the plant family Brassicaceae (Crucifereae or the mustard family) are a significant part of the plants- and associated microbes-based strategies adopted for the cleanup of varied contaminants from environmental compartments. Important genus such as Alyssum, Arabidopsis, Brassica and Thlaspi from Brassicaceae which, besides acting as an attractive genetic model, well-represent the metal hyperaccumulation among approximately 0.2% of all angiosperms and thus, play a key role in the phytoremediation technology. This book i) provides an exhaustive evaluation of the current status of contaminants (metals/metalloids)-addition to varied environmental compartments and its consequences, ii) offers comprehensive and state-of-the-art information on the significance of the plants from the family Brassicaceae in solving environmental pollution issues, iii) examines the physiological, biochemical and molecular-genetic strategies adopted by the plants from Brassicaceae for the remediation of and tolerance to varied environmental contaminants, and iv) supplies a broad reference to the field of environmental science and related disciplines. As a pioneer work and significant addition to the Environmental Pollution book series, the current volume promises to be a useful asset for researchers, students, other academicians and policy makers involved in sustainable remediation of varied environmental compartments.

The present edited book is an attempt to update the state of art of the knowledge on metabolism of ROS and antioxidants and their relationship in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. The chapters are much focused on the current climate issues and how ROS metabolism can manipulate with antioxidant system to accelerate detoxification mechanism. It will enhance the mechanistic understanding on ROS and antioxidants system and will pave the path for agricultural scientists in developing tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under the changing environmental conditions.The increase in abiotic stress factors has become a major threat to sustainability of crop production. This situation has led to think ways which can help to come out with potential measures; for which it is necessary to understand the influence of abiotic stress factors on crops performance and the mechanisms by which these factorsimpact plants. It has now become evident that abiotic stress impacts negatively on plant growth and development at every stage of plant’s life. Plants adapt to the changing environment with the adjustment at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. The possible mechanisms involved in the negative effects of abiotic stress factors are excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). They alter physiological and molecular mechanisms leading to poor performance of plants. Plants however, are able to cope with these adverse effects by inducing antioxidant systems as the priority. Nevertheless, the dual role of ROS has now been ascertained which provides an evidence for regulation of plant metabolism positively on a concentration-dependent manner. Under conditions of high ROS production, the antioxidant system plays a major role in diminishing the effects of ROS. Thus, ROS production and antioxidant system are interwoven with abiotic stress conditions. The antioxidants have thecapacity to hold the stability in metabolism in order to avoid disruption due to environmental disturbances.

This book provides an overview of current knowledge, ideas and trends in the field of induced acclimation of plants to environmental challenges. Presenting recent advances in our understanding of the importance of salicylic acid, it paves the way for deciphering the precise role of salicylic acid in the field of plant physiology, biochemistry and agronomy, and breeding stress-tolerant and high-yielding sustainable transgenic crops. Adopting a mechanistic approach, the book offers valuable information on the role of salicylic acid in combating varied abiotic stresses. Plants are challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. They adjust to changing environmental conditions by adopting various measures to induce regulatory self-defense pathways in response to different stresses in order to maintain their genetic potential to optimally grow and reproduce. To minimize cellular damage caused by such stresses, phytohormones provide a number of signaling networks involvingdevelopmental processes and plant responses to environmental stress. Phytohormones are potential tools for sustainable agriculture in the future. Significant advances have been made in identifying and understanding plant-hormone signaling, especially salicylic acid.

The present edited book is an attempt to update the state of art of the knowledge on metabolism of ROS and antioxidants and their relationship in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes.

Presenting recent advances in our understanding of the importance of salicylic acid, it paves the way for deciphering the precise role of salicylic acid in the field of plant physiology, biochemistry and agronomy, and breeding stress-tolerant and high-yielding sustainable transgenic crops.