OECD – författare

Wie gut sind Schüler auf das Leben vorbereitet? Diese Frage ist Basis für die PISA-Erhebung der OECD, bei der im internationalen Vergleich Schülerleistungen ermittelt und analysiert werden. Die OECD beobachtet seit dem Jahr 2000 alle drei Jahre die wichtigsten Schlüsselbereiche: Lesekompetenz, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften sowie Problemlösen. Mit PISA hat die OECD neue Maßstäbe für internationale Bildungsvergleiche gesetzt - zahlreiche Medienberichte spiegeln die politische Relevanz wider. Dieser Band berichtet, wie die beteiligten Länder in der dritten Erhebungswelle abgeschnitten haben. 2006 lag der Schwerpunkt auf den Naturwissenschaften.

Trkiye hA zla artan sera gazA emisyonlarA ile en hA zlA bymeye sahip OECD ekonomisidir. Trkiye'nin ekonomik bymesi, 2008 yA lA ndan beri, hava emisyonlarA , enerji kullanA mA , atA k retimi ve su tketiminden nispeten ayrA AYmA AYtA r. Ancak, Trkiye ekonomisinin kaynak yoAYunluAYunun yksekliAYi ve fosil yakA tlara byk orandaki baAYA mlA lA AYA evre zerindeki baskA larA mutlak olarak artA rmaya devam edecektir. lkenin evresel performansA nA n iyileAYmesi iin dAYk karbonlu dngsel bir ekonomiye geiAYte daha fazla ilerleme kaydedilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu Trkiye'nin nc evresel Performans A ncelemesi'dir. Bu raporda, srdrlebilir kalkA nma ve yeAYil ekonomi ynndeki ilerleme, iklim deAYiAYikliAYi ve kentsel atA ksu ynetimi zel alanlarA ile birlikte deAYerlendirilmektedir.

What are the trends in the iron and steel industry in 1998 for OECD countries, for certain central and eastern European countries in transition and for the New Independent States? This annual publication provides statistical tables showing steel production, consumption and trade data, as well as other indicators of activity such as employment levels, annual investment expenditures by sector and by country, export prices, domestic prices and indices for certain iron and steel products.

China's food processing sector has arrived at a decisive stage. While primary agriculture has continued to expand at an astounding pace and final consumers have experienced an extended period of rapid income growth, progress at the intermediary stage, the agro-processing sector, has remained limited. Today, a growing need to catch up with these developments has become manifest, but a number of challenges have emerged simultaneously. They include the need to adjust to increasingly diversified consumer demands, to improve the quality and nutritional content of foods, to introduce new food products, to shift to more sophisticated processing methods, to adopt innovative packaging methods, and to comply with new labelling requirements. These developments give rise to a number of questions. What do these changes mean for China's food processors? Is China's agriculture adequately prepared for these changes? How can farmers take advantage of these changes? What structural adjustments are needed to meet the challenges arising from the changes in domestic and international food markets? The papers in this Proceedings document try to answer these and many other important questions revolving around changes in, and challenges for, China's agro-processing sector.

OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Mexico. It finds that regulatory reform has been key to the transformation of the Mexican economy over the past 15 years. Formerly inward-looking and heavily regulated, the Mexican economy today is relatively open and market-based. The rapid pace, broad scope, and depth of regulatory reforms exceed those of most OECD countries. These reforms have already produced major benefits for Mexico, not least by increasing economic flexibility so that Mexico rebounds more quickly from economic crises. But benefits of reforms have been slowed by the macroeconomic crises of the 1990s. Sustained attention is needed now to complete and implement reforms to establish conditions for vigorous market competition and entry, while strengthening the capacity of the Mexican state to use high quality and transparent regulatory instruments in carrying out public policies. A multi-year period of policy stability supportive of market-led growth could produce enduring and broad-based benefits for Mexican consumers and businesses. Mexico was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.

Accompanying a sustained period of economic growth, the flows of labour migrants between the economies of East and South-east Asia grew considerably prior to the recent crisis. These flows have become more diverse and complex rendering necessary the improved monitoring of migration trends and policies in each country as well as bringing forth the need to extend the exchange of expertise and experience between the region's experts and policy makers. What has been the impact of the crisis on national labour markets? How have the different countries modified their approach to the employment of foreign workers? To what extent have foreign workers been affected? These questions are examined in this publication, which identifies the impact of the Asian financial crisis on labour migration and the conditions of migrant workers in the region. In addition to keynote reports on the origins of the crisis and its policy implications, individual case studies on China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand present detailed analyses of labour migration, the employment of foreign workers and the recent changes in migration policies.

Trouver un juste milieu entre la conservation ou l'utilisation durable de la biodiversit et son appauvrissement ncessite de prendre en compte tous les effets de sa destruction. C'est en mettant cette perte en balance avectout avantage ventuel que l'on peut assurer l'optimisation du bien-tre social et conomique de chacun. Les systmes conomiques fonds sur le jeu du march rendent cette pondration possible. Mais il faut pour cela que l'ensemble des incidences du recul de la biodiversit ou de son utilisation soient pleinement internalises dans les transactions marchandes. Cet ouvrage illustre comment les pouvoirs publics peuvent internaliser la perte de biodiversit par la cration de marchs. Il prconise le recours aux marchs pour faire en sorte que nos prfrences collectives pour la conservation et l'utilisation durable se refltent dans les rsultats conomiques.

Drawing on material presented at the OECD Programme on Educational Building's conference in London on "e;Creating 21st Century Learning Environments,"e; this richly illustrated book presents the latest in innovative design for schools and analyses needs for the future. It does this through a series of thematic analyses, presentations, and school visits. The conclusions summarize planning and construction issues and make suggestions for the construction industry.

Finlande 2004: L'edition 2004 de l'Etude economique consacree a la Finlande examine les developpements recents, la politique et les perspectives economiques de ce pays. Elle comporte des chapitres consacres a l'efficacite des depenses publiques, au vieillissement de la population, a la reforme des retraites, aux finances publiques a long terme et aux politiques pour stimuler le potentiel de croissance.

This publication examines the relationship between innovation policy and economic performance in six OECD countries - Austria, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In-depth analyses highlight countries' strengths and weaknesses in innovation, as well as the effectiveness of their innovation policies in driving economic performance. Taken together, the country studies constitute a rich evidence base which will be of considerable interest to innovation policy makers in all OECD countries. They indicate that countries share a need to adapt - or even profoundly change - their innovation policies in order to deal with opportunities and threats posed by new technological and economic developments.

This annual publication provides statistical tables showing steel production, consumption and trade data, as well as other indicators of activity such as employment levels, annual investment expenditures by sector and by country, export prices, domestic prices and indices for certain iron and steel products for OECD countries and other countries participating in the OECD Steel Committee as observers.

This publication, published every two to three years, reviews the latest developments in taxing consumption in OECD countries, provides information on tax rates in OECD countries, and reviews current issues in consumption. The issues reviewed include taxation of motor vehicles, globalisation of services, taxation of financial services, and reducing VAT revenue leakage. An annex provides data on the structure of revenues from environmentally related taxes.

Cette publication, qui parait tous les deux a trois ans, passe en revue les evolutions les plus recentes en matiere d'impots sur la consommation dans les pays membres de l'OCDE, donne des informations sur les taux d'imposition en vigueur dans ces pays et examine les questions d'actualite en matiere d'impots sur la consommation. Parmi les questions examinees, on peut citer la fiscalite des vehicules a moteur, la mondialisation des services, la fiscalite des services financiers ou encore la reduction des pertes de recettes de TVA. Les lecteurs trouveront en annexe des donnees sur la structure des recettes provenant des taxes environnementales.

Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have increased significantly in number over the past few years. The number of RTAs which include environmental provisions is also increasing. However, these provisions, and the experience related to their negotiation and implementation, have not been examined in depth yet. This study contributes to filling this gap. It provides an overview of approaches to environmental issues in RTAs and summarises country experiences in their negotiation and practical application. Regional and bilateral trade arrangements are surveyed, including customs unions and free trade agreements. The study is based on the analysis of RTA texts, and on literature examining their actual implementation, as well as on first-hand comments and input from experts from both OECD and non-OECD countries.

This OECD review of 2004 of Turkey's economy examines its recent strong recovery and prospects for growth. It recommends policies designed to strengthen confidence with a view to extending the recovery. Separate chapters cover: improving the quality of public expenditure, establishing an open business environment, and aspects of sustainable development.

Cette etude de l'OCDE de l'economie turque de 2004, porte sur la forte reprise qu'a connue le pays recemment et sur ses perspectives de croissance. Elle contient en outre des recommandations a l'intention des pouvoirs publics, destinees a renforcer la confiance en vue d'elargir l'assise de la reprise. Les trois derniers chapitres sont consacres a l'amelioration de la qualite des depenses publiques, a la mise en place d'un environnement ouvert pour les entreprises, et a certains aspects du developpement durable.

This comprehensive review of investment policy in Romania assesses the untapped growth potential for foreign investment in Romania, measures the significant progress recently made by Romania to improve its business environment, and identifies the most significant remaining policy challenges. This review was conducted by the OECD prior to inviting Romania to adhere to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.

En decembre 2004, la Roumanie a ete invitee a adherer a la Declaration sur l'investissement international et les entreprises multinationales apres un examen complet de ses politiques a l'egard de l'investissement etranger. Cette publication presente les resultats de cet examen. Elle evalue le potentiel de croissance de l'investissement etranger encore inexploite et mesure les progres significatifs realises ces dernieres annees par la Roumanie pour creer un climat plus propice a l'investissement. Enfin, cet ouvrage identifie les principaux defis qui devront etre surmontes.

This 2004 OECD Economic Survey of Canada finds that economic performance has been solid and macroeconomic policies appropriate, but that product market competition could be strengthened and that policies that discourage people from working should be adjusted. Recommendations are made around these issues and on pressures on public finances.

Selon l'edition 2004 de l'Etude economique consacree par l'OCDE au Canada, les resultats economiques ont ete satisfaisants et les politiques macroeconomiques sont adequates, mais la concurrence sur les marches de produits pourrait etre intensifiee, et les dispositifs ayant des effets de desincitation au travail doivent etre ajustes. L'etude contient des recommandations ayant trait a ces questions, ainsi qu'aux finances publiques.

Given the increasing competitiveness and greater geo-political significance of higher education and research, and the under-developed profile of many new Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), this study seeks to examine the processes and strategies being devised by new HEIs to grow research. By focusing on new HEIs, this book provides a unique profile of the experiences of a group of institutions that has hitherto been unidentified and unexplored. It analyses results drawn from an in-depth study of twenty-five HEIs from across sixteen countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hong Kong China, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Compte tenu, d'une part, de l'importance grandissante de la concurrence et de la portee geopolitique de l'enseignement superieur et de la recherche, et, d'autre part, du retard de developpement de nombreux EES nouveaux, cette etude cherche a analyser les processus et les strategies elabores par les nouveaux EES pour developper leur activite de recherche. Cet ouvrage propose un panorama unique des experiences d'un groupe d'etablissements qui n'a jusqu'a present pas ete defini ni explore. Il examine les resultats d'une etude de fond portant sur 25 EES situes dans 16 pays : Australie, Belgique, Canada, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, Grece, Hong Kong Chine, Hongrie, Irlande, Japon, Nouvelle-Zelande, Portugal, Republique tcheque, Royaume-Uni, Suede.

This review presents an overview of the S&T sector in Bulgaria and its links to education. Topics covered include the legislative framework; institutional arrangements for research and teaching; budgeting mechanisms; regional and international co-operation including EU policy initiatives; and the impact of brain drain and ageing on human resources. Sample case studies and best practices in S&T policy-making are provided to illustrate the analysis. The final chapter includes a series of recommendations.

Dans chaque pays, petit ou grand, la science et la technologie (S-T) revtent une importance primordiale dans l'instauration d'une conomie base sur le savoir. Dans les pays appartenant au peloton de tte, la S-T porte ses fruits quand elle est induite par des politiques scientifiques favorisant les programmes long terme. Et ces programmes sont troitement lis une matrise anticipative des cots budgtaires. En Bulgarie, le secteur des sciences et de la technologie reflte bon nombre des difficults conomiques et sociales que rencontre le pays dans son ensemble. Il souffre d'un manque chronique de moyens financiers et a mis du temps moderniser son appareil de recherche fondamentale. Faute d'une politique cohrente long terme dans le domaine scientifique et technologique, ces insuffisances se trouvent accentues. Malgr ces lacunes, l'examen montre que la Bulgarie possde le potentiel humain et scientifique ncessaire la mise en place d'un systme efficace de S-T qui peut considrablement contribuer au dveloppement conomique national. Cet examen prsente un panorama du secteur de la S-T en Bulgarie et de ses liens avec l'enseignement. Il traite de divers thmes au nombre desquels La lgislation. Les mcanismes institutionnels mis en place dans le domaine de la recherche et de l'enseignement, notamment travers les exemples de l'Acadmie bulgare des sciences et des tablissements d'enseignement suprieur. Les mcanismes de budgtisation. La coopration rgionale et internationale, et notamment les initiatives de l'Union europenne. L'impact de la fuite des cerveaux et du vieillissement sur les ressources humaines. Un chantillon d'tudes de cas et de pratiques exemplaires en matire de politique de S-T sert illustrer l'analyse. Le dernier chapitre comprend une srie de recommandations. Cet examen sera utile aux dcideurs publics ainsi qu'aux professionnels du monde entier. Cette tude s'inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopration que l'OCDE entretient avec les conomies non membres travers le monde.

The OECD Communications Outlook provides an extensive range of indicators for different types of communications networks and compares performance indicators such as revenue, investment, employment and prices for service throughout the OECD area. These indicators are essential for industry and for regulators who use benchmarking to evaluate policy performance. This book is based on data from the OECD Telecommunications Database 2007, which provides time series for OECD countries from 1980 to 2005. Readers of the OECD Communications Outlook 2007 e-book will find a URL that provides online access to the OECD Telecommunications Database 2007. Graphics and tables in all editions include StatLinks, URLs linking to spreadsheets containing the underlying data.

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are recommendations for international business conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This book provides the complete text of the Guidelines along with an account of what the 38 adhering governments have been doing to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. The 2004 edition also provides an overview of how to encourage the positive contribution of business to the environment through the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.