Thomas Stolz – författare

Der vorliegende Band bietet vielfältige Herangehensweisen zu den Sprachen der indigenen Völker Amerikas – zu den großen Sprachen (Guaraní, Zapotekisch, Otomí, klassisches Aztekisch) ebenso wie zu den kleinen (Mosetén, Cabécar). Die Einflüsse der amerindischen Sprachen auf die Ideengeschichte der Sprachwissenschaft werden genauso berücksichtigt wie die vielfältigen Kontaktbeziehungen (vornehmlich zum Spanischen) und Gesichtspunkte der kulturellen Diversität. Sprachen mit relativ langer Schriftlichkeitstradition stehen neben Sprachen, mit deren Verschriftung erst kürzlich begonnen wurde. Das Analysespektrum reicht von der Synopse grammatischer Gesamtsysteme bis zur Untersuchung von Einzelaspekten aus dem Leben der Sprachen. So wird der thematische Reichtum des Forschungsgebietes umfassend abgebildet. Der Band enthält sowohl Beiträge, die sich an ein linguistisch-philologisch vorgebildetes Publikum richten, als auch solche, die interessierte Laien ansprechen. Er versammelt die Vorträge des Gründungskolloquiums Europäisches Netzwerk für Amerindische Linguistik (ENAL), die im Oktober 2009 im Rahmen des Festivals der Sprachen in Bremen gehalten wurden.

This collection of articles takes up the issue of Contact Morphology raised by David Wilkins in 1996. In the majority of contact-related studies, morphology is at best a marginal topic. According to the extant borrowing hierarchies, bound morphology is copied only rarely, if at all, because morphological copies presuppose long-term intensive contact with prior massive borrowing of content words and function words. On the other hand, especially in studies of morphological change, contact is often identified as the decisive factor which triggers the disintegration of morphological systems. However, it remains to be seen whether these two standard treatments of morphology in contact situations exhaust the phenomenology of Contact Morphology. The 14 papers of the present volume shed new light on the behavior of morphology under the conditions of language contact. Fresh empirical data from 40 languages world-wide are presented and new theory-based concepts are discussed. Morphologies in Contact is a first in the history of both morphology and language contact studies. It is meant to mark the beginning of an international research program which explores the entire range of aspects connected to morphologies in contact and thus, paves the way for a full-blown Contact Morphology qua linguistic discipline.

Irregularity is a philological concept which is not adequately defined. The present volume aims to improve the understanding of irregularity within the domain of morphology, relating to inflectional, derivation, and compounding. Studies aim to discover the potential regularity behind irregularities, the fact or hypothesis that regular (sound) change produces irregularity (Sturtevant''s Paradox), the nature of paradigms (esp. suppletion and overabundance), and the interplay of irregular morphology with syntax and pragmatics. Perspectives are synchronic and diachronic. A few studies approach irregularity from the psycholinguistic point of view (issues of memory and acquisition). Languages studied include Latin and its daughter languages French, Catalan and Italian, but also English, German, Greek, Russian, Turkish, Thompson Salish, and the Iroquoian languages. Theories discussed include Canonical Typology, Distributed Morphology, Whole Word Morphology, Minimalism, and the Procedural/Declarative Model.

Dieser Band versammelt zehn Aufsätze, in denen Monosyllaba in verschiedenen Sprachen Asiens, Afrikas und Europas aus unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven betrachtet werden. Einsilber sind in fast allen Sprachen der Welt vertreten. Sprachen wie das Chinesische bevorzugen bekanntermaßen diesen Silbentyp. In anderen, wie z. B. den Bantusprachen, muss ein Wort aus mindestens zwei Silben bestehen. In den europäischen Sprachen rücken Einsilber gerade erst in den Fokus linguistischen Interesses. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes beschäftigen sich sowohl mit phonetischen und phonologischen als auch mit morphologischen und funktionalen Aspekten von Einsilbern. Der Fokus richtet sich auf das Zusammenwirken von Silben- und Wortstruktur, wie auch auf die phonologischen und morphologischen Regeln der Wohlgeformtheit. Es wird sowohl die Entwicklung von Einsilbern in Sprachen, die diesen Silbentyp bevorzugen (ostasiatische Sprachen, aber auch Dänisch), als auch ihre spezielle Rolle als Ausnahmeform innerhalb des Lexikons und bei speziellen Wortformen wie z.B. den Imperativen diskutiert. Methodisch reicht die Spannweite von experimenteller Phonetik, über quantitative Linguistik und Analysen von Einzelsprachen bis hin zu großangelegten typologischen Vergleichen.

Diese arealtypologische Studie untersucht die grammatischen Mittel, die in den Sprachen Europas verwendet werden, um den Komparativ der Ungleichheit/Überlegenheit auszudrücken. Die bestehenden Theorien und Hypothesen über die morphosyntaktische Struktur und die crosslinguistische Verteilung von Konstruktionstypen werden durchgemustert; das Verhalten von Komparativen unter den Bedingungen des Sprachkontakts wird diskutiert. Dabei werden Daten aus mehr als 170 Standard- und Nichtstandardvarietäten europäischer Sprachen systematisch untersucht. Das synchrone Bild wird um Überlegungen zur die Diachronie von Komparativkonstruktionen ergänzt, die europäischen Fakten zudem mit denen der asiatischen und afrikanischen Regionen verglichen. Es wird dafür argumentiert, dass crosslinguistische Untersuchungen auch so genannte sekundäre Optionen berücksichtigen müssen. Diese sekundären Optionen sprechen dafür, dass die vermeintlich dominante Rolle des Partikelkomparativs für Europa nicht aufrechterhalten werden kann. Darüber hinaus erlauben es uns nur die sekundären Optionen, Isoglossen aufzustellen, die die Grenzen zwischen Europa und Asien (sowie Afrika) überschreiten.

On the basis of a world-wide convenience sample of 116 languages, the distribution of zero-marking of spatial relations over the languages of the world is shown to largely escape any genetically, areally and/or typologically based constraints. The main goal of this book is to firmly establish the cross-linguistic occurrence of the zero-marking of spatial relations and to provide a framework for its study in terms of economy and predictability.

During the past three decades Norbert Boretzky (born 1935 in Breslau) has contributed excellent scholarly work in an impressive variety of subject matters in various linguistic subdisciplines. Among his many scientific achievements, his groundbreaking research in the field of Pidgin and Creole language studies stands out much in the same way as his well-renowned and well-received publications in Balkan linguistics, Albanian linguistics, Slavic philology, theoretical diachrony, lexical semantics, contact linguistics, language typology, and most recently Romani linguistics. The Festschrift reflects the plethora of interests of Norbert Boretzky to whom his colleagues, disciples, and friends dedicate their contributions.

On the basis of a world-wide convenience sample of 116 languages, the distribution of zero-marking of spatial relations over the languages of the world is shown to largely escape any genetically, areally and/or typologically based constraints. The main goal of this book is to firmly establish the cross-linguistic occurrence of the zero-marking of spatial relations and to provide a framework for its study in terms of economy and predictability.

This is the first book-length functional-typologically inspired crosslinguistic study of comitatives and related categories such as the instrumental. On the basis of data drawn from 400 languages world-wide (covering all major phyla and areas), the authors test and revise a variety of general linguistic hypotheses about the grammar and cognitive foundations of comitatives. Three types of languages are identified according to the morphological treatment of the comitative and its syncretistic association with other concepts. It is shown that the structural behaviour of comitatives is areally biassed and that the languages of Europe tend to diverge from the majority of the world's languages. This has important repercussions for a language-independent definition of the comitative. The supposed conceptual closeness of comitative and instrumental is discussed in some detail and a semantic map of the comitative is put forward. Markedness is the crucial concept for the evaluation of the relation that ties comitatives and instrumentals to each other. In a separate chapter, the diachrony of comitatives is looked into from the perspective of grammaticalisation research. Throughout the book, the argumentation is richly documented by empirical data. The book contains three case-studies of the comitative in Icelandic, Latvian and Maltese - each of which represents one of the three language types identified earlier in the text. For the purpose of comparing the languages of Europe, a chapter is devoted to the analysis of a large parallel literary corpus (covering 64 languages) which reveals that the parameters of genetic affiliation, areal location and typological classification interact in intricate ways when it comes to predicting whether or not two languages of the sample behave similarly as to the use to which they put their comitative morphemes. With a view to determining the degree of similarity between the languages of the European sub-sample, methods of quantitative typology are employed. General linguists with an interest in case, functional typologists, grammaticalisation researchers and experts of markedness issues will value this book as an important contribution to their respective fields of interest.We regret that, due to a PDF problem, the figure on page 111 is partly shown in black. Please find the correct table here.

This edited volume brings together fourteen original contributions to the on-going debate about what is possible in contact-induced language change. The authors present a number of new vistas on language contact which represent new developments in the field.In the first part of the volume, the focus is on methodology and theory. Thomas Stolz defines the study of Romancisation processes as a very promising laboratory for language-contact oriented research and theoretical work based thereon. The reader is informed about the large scale projects on loanword typology in the contribution by Martin Haspelmath and on contact-induced grammatical change conducted by Jeanette Sakel and Yaron Matras. Christel Stolz reviews processes of gender-assignment to loan nouns in German and German-based varieties. The typology of loan verbs is the topic of the contribution by Søren Wichmann and Jan Wohlgemuth. In the articles by Wolfgang Wildgen and Klaus Zimmermann, two radically new approaches to the theory of language contact are put forward: a dynamic model and a constructivism-based theory, respectively.The second part of the volume is dedicated to more empirically oriented studies which look into language-contact constellations with a Romance donor language and a non-European recipient language. Spanish-Amerindian (Guaraní, Otomí, Quichua) contacts are investigated in the comparative study by Dik Bakker, Jorge Gómez-Rendón and Ewald Hekking. Peter Bakker and Robert A. Papen discuss the influence exerted by French on the indigenous languages ofCanada. The extent of the Portuguese impact on the Amazonian language Kulina is studied by Stefan Dienst. John Holm looks at the validity of the hypothesis that bound morphology normally falls victim to Creolization processes and draws his evidence mainly from Portuguese-based Creoles. For Austronesia, borrowings and calques from French still are an understudied phenomenon. Claire Moyse-Faurie’s contribution to this topic is thus a pioneer’s work. Similarly, Françoise Rose and Odile Renault-Lescure provide us with fresh data on language contact in French Guiana. The final article of this collection by Mauro Tosco demonstrates that the Italianization of languages of the former Italian colonies in East Africa is only weak. This volume provides the reader with new insights on all levels of language-contact related studies. The volume addresses especially a readership that has a strong interest in language contact in general and its repercussions on the phonology, grammar and lexicon of the recipient languages. Experts of Romance language contact, and specialists of Amerindian languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Austronesian languages and Pidgins and Creoles will find the volume highly valuable.

This is the first book-length functional-typologically inspired crosslinguistic study of comitatives and related categories such as the instrumental. On the basis of data drawn from 400 languages world-wide (covering all major phyla and areas), the authors test and revise a variety of general linguistic hypotheses about the grammar and cognitive foundations of comitatives. Three types of languages are identified according to the morphological treatment of the comitative and its syncretistic association with other concepts. It is shown that the structural behaviour of comitatives is areally biassed and that the languages of Europe tend to diverge from the majority of the world''s languages. This has important repercussions for a language-independent definition of the comitative. The supposed conceptual closeness of comitative and instrumental is discussed in some detail and a semantic map of the comitative is put forward. Markedness is the crucial concept for the evaluation of the relation that ties comitatives and instrumentals to each other. In a separate chapter, the diachrony of comitatives is looked into from the perspective of grammaticalisation research. Throughout the book, the argumentation is richly documented by empirical data. The book contains three case-studies of the comitative in Icelandic, Latvian and Maltese - each of which represents one of the three language types identified earlier in the text. For the purpose of comparing the languages of Europe, a chapter is devoted to the analysis of a large parallel literary corpus (covering 64 languages) which reveals that the parameters of genetic affiliation, areal location and typological classification interact in intricate ways when it comes to predicting whether or not two languages of the sample behave similarly as to the use to which they put their comitative morphemes. With a view to determining the degree of similarity between the languages of the European sub-sample, methods of quantitative typology are employed. General linguists with an interest in case, functional typologists, grammaticalisation researchers and experts of markedness issues will value this book as an important contribution to their respective fields of interest.

We regret that, due to a PDF problem, the figure on page 111 is partly shown in black. Please find the correct table here.

Literally hundreds of languages world-wide have experienced direct or indirect Hispanisation during the heyday of the Spanish colonial empire. The number of languages which continue to borrow from Spanish on a daily basis is considerable especially in Latin America. This volume gives the reader a better idea of the range of contact constellations in which Spanish functions as the donor language. Moreover, the contributions to this collection of articles demonstrate that it is not only possible to compare the contact-induced processes in the (Hispanised) languages of Austronesia and the Americas. It is emphasized that one can draw far-reaching conclusions from the presented borrowing facts for the theory of language contact in general. The volume is divided into two sections according to geographical principles: section I is devoted to contacts of Spanish in Latin America. Two contributions look at the Hispanisation of varieties of Nahuatl (Classical Nahuatl studied by Anne Jensen and modern varieties studied by José Antonio Flores Farfán). Martina Schrader-Kniffki discusses Spanish-Zapotec contacts and their relations to language mixing and purism. Luciano Giannelli and Raoul Zamponi address the issue of Hispanisms in Kuna, a language from Panama. For South America, Jorge Gómez-Rendón discusses whether or not there are constraints on lexical borrowing from Spanish into Imbabura Quichua. Suzanne Dikker studies the intertwined language Media Lengua in her attempt at redefining the notion of relexification. Section II focuses on the impact of Spanish on the languages of Austronesia and South-East Asia. Steven Roger Fischer shows that the heavy Hispanisation of Rapanui is currently being reverted. Steve Pagel compares Hispanisation processes and their results in the Mariana Islands and on Rapa Nui. The second comparative study is by Patrick O. Steinkrüger who reviews a variety of Philippinian languages and their degrees of Hispanisation. The attitudes of native speakers of Chamorro as to Hispanisms is the topic of the study by Rosa Salas Palomo and Thomas Stolz. The volume is especially interesting for students of language contact. But also scholars with a background in Romance linguistics or Hispanic philology will find the assembled articles very useful, as well as Austronesianists and Amerindianists.

This edited volume brings together fourteen original contributions to the on-going debate about what is possible in contact-induced language change. The authors present a number of new vistas on language contact which represent new developments in the field.

In the first part of the volume, the focus is on methodology and theory. Thomas Stolz defines the study of Romancisation processes as a very promising laboratory for language-contact oriented research and theoretical work based thereon. The reader is informed about the large scale projects on loanword typology in the contribution by Martin Haspelmath and on contact-induced grammatical change conducted by Jeanette Sakel and Yaron Matras. Christel Stolz reviews processes of gender-assignment to loan nouns in German and German-based varieties. The typology of loan verbs is the topic of the contribution by Søren Wichmann and Jan Wohlgemuth. In the articles by Wolfgang Wildgen and Klaus Zimmermann, two radically new approaches to the theory of language contact are put forward: a dynamic model and a constructivism-based theory, respectively.

The second part of the volume is dedicated to more empirically oriented studies which look into language-contact constellations with a Romance donor language and a non-European recipient language. Spanish-Amerindian (Guaraní, Otomí, Quichua) contacts are investigated in the comparative study by Dik Bakker, Jorge Gómez-Rendón and Ewald Hekking. Peter Bakker and Robert A. Papen discuss the influence exerted by French on the indigenous languages ofCanada. The extent of the Portuguese impact on the Amazonian language Kulina is studied by Stefan Dienst. John Holm looks at the validity of the hypothesis that bound morphology normally falls victim to Creolization processes and draws his evidence mainly from Portuguese-based Creoles. For Austronesia, borrowings and calques from French still are an understudied phenomenon. Claire Moyse-Faurie’s contribution to this topic is thus a pioneer’s work. Similarly, Françoise Rose and Odile Renault-Lescure provide us with fresh data on language contact in French Guiana. The final article of this collection by Mauro Tosco demonstrates that the Italianization of languages of the former Italian colonies in East Africa is only weak.

This volume provides the reader with new insights on all levels of language-contact related studies. The volume addresses especially a readership that has a strong interest in language contact in general and its repercussions on the phonology, grammar and lexicon of the recipient languages. Experts of Romance language contact, and specialists of Amerindian languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Austronesian languages and Pidgins and Creoles will find the volume highly valuable.

Literally hundreds of languages world-wide have experienced direct or indirect Hispanisation during the heyday of the Spanish colonial empire. The number of languages which continue to borrow from Spanish on a daily basis is considerable especially in Latin America. This volume gives the reader a better idea of the range of contact constellations in which Spanish functions as the donor language. Moreover, the contributions to this collection of articles demonstrate that it is not only possible to compare the contact-induced processes in the (Hispanised) languages of Austronesia and the Americas. It is emphasized that one can draw far-reaching conclusions from the presented borrowing facts for the theory of language contact in general.

The volume is divided into two sections according to geographical principles: section I is devoted to contacts of Spanish in Latin America. Two contributions look at the Hispanisation of varieties of Nahuatl (Classical Nahuatl studied by Anne Jensen and modern varieties studied by José Antonio Flores Farfán). Martina Schrader-Kniffki discusses Spanish-Zapotec contacts and their relations to language mixing and purism. Luciano Giannelli and Raoul Zamponi address the issue of Hispanisms in Kuna, a language from Panama. For South America, Jorge Gómez-Rendón discusses whether or not there are constraints on lexical borrowing from Spanish into Imbabura Quichua. Suzanne Dikker studies the intertwined language Media Lengua in her attempt at redefining the notion of relexification. Section II focuses on the impact of Spanish on the languages of Austronesia and South-East Asia. Steven Roger Fischer shows that the heavy Hispanisation of Rapanui is currently being reverted. Steve Pagel compares Hispanisation processes and their results in the Mariana Islands and on Rapa Nui. The second comparative study is by Patrick O. Steinkrüger who reviews a variety of Philippinian languages and their degrees of Hispanisation. The attitudes of native speakers of Chamorro as to Hispanisms is the topic of the study by Rosa Salas Palomo and Thomas Stolz.

The volume is especially interesting for students of language contact. But also scholars with a background in Romance linguistics or Hispanic philology will find the assembled articles very useful, as well as Austronesianists and Amerindianists.

Die sich etablierende Forschungsdisziplin der Koloniallinguistik greift den Zusammenhang von sprachlicher Kommunikation und kolonialen und postkolonialen Machtkonstellationen auf, der in der aktuellen Forschung von immer größerem Interesse ist. Zum einen erfährt das Fachgebiet wachsende Aufmerksamkeit in der linguistischen Community, zum anderen findet es Resonanz in der universitären Lehre im Bachelor- und Master-Bereich, wo das Thema „Sprache und Kolonialismus“ aufgegriffen und mit Studierenden (weiter-)entwickelt wird.Zur Beförderung von Lehre und Selbststudium liegt mit diesem Studienbuch eine Einführung vor, die den aktuellen Forschungsstand und zentrale Konzepte der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit sprachlicher Kommunikation in (post-)kolonialen Kontexten verständlich darstellt.Das Buch ermöglicht den Studierenden einen sprachwissenschaftlich angeleiteten Zugang zum Thema, legt dann real-, literar- und sprachhistorische Fundamente, führt in praktische Probleme der sprachwissenschaftlichen Korpusbildung ein, zeigt die Bandbreite der Möglichkeiten koloniallinguistischer Forschung auf und reißt postkoloniale Perspektiven an. Eine editorisch aufbereitete Bibliographie von bestehender Forschung, anderen einführenden Werken und zentralen Quellenarten und -orten ist den Kapiteln abschließend beigegeben.

Die sich etablierende Forschungsdisziplin der Koloniallinguistik greift den Zusammenhang von sprachlicher Kommunikation und kolonialen und postkolonialen Machtkonstellationen auf, der in der aktuellen Forschung von immer größerem Interesse ist. Zum einen erfährt das Fachgebiet wachsende Aufmerksamkeit in der linguistischen Community, zum anderen findet es Resonanz in der universitären Lehre im Bachelor- und Master-Bereich, wo das Thema „Sprache und Kolonialismus“ aufgegriffen und mit Studierenden (weiter-)entwickelt wird.

Zur Beförderung von Lehre und Selbststudium liegt mit diesem Studienbuch eine Einführung vor, die den aktuellen Forschungsstand und zentrale Konzepte der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit sprachlicher Kommunikation in (post-)kolonialen Kontexten verständlich darstellt.

Das Buch ermöglicht den Studierenden einen sprachwissenschaftlich angeleiteten Zugang zum Thema, legt dann real-, literar- und sprachhistorische Fundamente, führt in praktische Probleme der sprachwissenschaftlichen Korpusbildung ein, zeigt die Bandbreite der Möglichkeiten koloniallinguistischer Forschung auf und reißt postkoloniale Perspektiven an. Eine editorisch aufbereitete Bibliographie von bestehender Forschung, anderen einführenden Werken und zentralen Quellenarten und -orten ist den Kapiteln abschließend beigegeben.

Der vorliegende Sammelband dokumentiert die Beiträge einer interdisziplinären Tagung von Sprach- und GeschichtswissenschaftlerInnen zum Thema Koloniallinguistik. Dass koloniale und postkoloniale Konstellationen vor allem auch kommunikativ hervorgebracht und gestützt werden, ist eine theoretische Grundannahme der (Post)Colonial Linguistics. Gemeinsame historische und sprachwissenschaftliche Perspektivierungen von Kolonialität sind daher nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern sogar notwendig, um koloniale Machtmechanismen und postkoloniale Effekte hinreichend beschreiben und erklären zu können.

Die Beiträge des Bandes umfassen die Gegenstandsbereiche Historiographie der Linguistik, kolonialzeitliche Sprachforschung und Missionarslinguistik, Quellenkunde, (post)koloniale Toponomastik und Sprach(en)politik in ehemaligen Kolonialgebieten.

Der Band ist damit für aktuelle Diskussionen in Geschichtswissenschaft, Allgemeiner Linguistik und Einzelphilologien relevant.

Der vorliegende Sammelband dokumentiert die Beiträge einer interdisziplinären Tagung von Sprach- und GeschichtswissenschaftlerInnen zum Thema Koloniallinguistik. Dass koloniale und postkoloniale Konstellationen vor allem auch kommunikativ hervorgebracht und gestützt werden, ist eine theoretische Grundannahme der (Post)Colonial Linguistics. Gemeinsame historische und sprachwissenschaftliche Perspektivierungen von Kolonialität sind daher nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern sogar notwendig, um koloniale Machtmechanismen und postkoloniale Effekte hinreichend beschreiben und erklären zu können.

Die Beiträge des Bandes umfassen die Gegenstandsbereiche Historiographie der Linguistik, kolonialzeitliche Sprachforschung und Missionarslinguistik, Quellenkunde, (post)koloniale Toponomastik und Sprach(en)politik in ehemaligen Kolonialgebieten.

Der Band ist damit für aktuelle Diskussionen in Geschichtswissenschaft, Allgemeiner Linguistik und Einzelphilologien relevant.