Thomas Weller – författare

Dress is a key marker of difference. It is closely attached to the body, part of the daily routine, and an unavoidable means of communication. The clothes people wear tell stories about their allegiances and identities but also about their exclusion and stigmatization. They allow for the display of wealth and can mercilessly display poverty and indigence. Clothes also enable people to play with identities and affinities: for instance, individuals can claim higher social status via their clothes. In many ways, dress is thus open to manipulation by the wearer and misinterpretation by the observer. Authorities—whether religious or secular, local or regional—have always aimed at imposing order on this potential muddle. This is particularly true for the early modern era, when the world became ever more complex. In Europe, the composition of societies diversified with the emergence of new social groups and increasing migration and travel. Thanks to intensified long-distance trade and technological developments, new fashionable clothes and accessories entered the market. With the emergence of a consumer culture, it was now the case that not only the extremely wealthy could afford at least the occasional indulgence in luxury items and accessories. Over recent years, research has focused on a variety of areas related to dress and appearance in the context of early-modern political, socio-economic, and cultural transformations both within Europe and related to its entanglement with other parts of the world. Nevertheless, a significant compartmentalization in the research on dress and appearance remains: research is often organized around particular cities and territories, and much research is still framed by modern national boundaries. This special issue looks at dress and its perception in Europe from a transcultural perspective and highlights the many differences that clothing can express.

Politische Wahlen sind mitnichten eine Erfindung der Moderne. Obgleich Herrschaft in den Jahrhunderten vor der Französischen Revolution sich zumeist anders legitimierte als in modernen Demokratien, finden sich auch in Antike, Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit zahlreiche Beispiele für Funktionsträger, die ihr Amt in irgendeiner Form einer Wahl verdankten. Anhand solcher Beispiele fragen die hier versammelten Beiträge nach dem Stellenwert und der Funktion vormoderner Wahlverfahren. Dem Ansatz einer Kulturgeschichte des Politischen verpflichtet, gehen die Herausgeber dabei von einer unauflösbaren Verbindung von Verfahrenstechnik und Symbolik aus; beide Aspekte werden im vorliegenden Band erstmals in einer integrativen Sichtweise aufeinander bezogen. Diese Herangehensweise eröffnet neue Deutungsperspektiven auf einen traditionellen Gegenstand der Politik- und Verfassungsgeschichte und ermöglicht zugleich eine differenziertere Sichtweise der Kontinuitäten und Brüche zwischen Ancien Régime und Moderne, jenseits der Frage nach dem demokratischen oder vordemokratischen Charakter vormoderner Wahlverfahren.

Public discussions are a key element of modern societies and a basic requirement for democracies. The contributors of this volume analyse how public quarrels have influenced societies in the past.