Vernon W. Ruttan – författare

Military and defence related procurement has been an important source of technology development across a broad spectrum of industries that account for an important share of United States industrial production. Changes in the structure of the defence industries and of the U.S. industrial economy make it unlikely that military and defence related procurement would again become an important source of revolutionary new technologies in the absence of a major war.

Nothing could be more valuable than creating a new paradigm in economics, particularly in the field of agricultural development. A notable example is T. W. Schultz's (1964) thesis regarding "efficient but poor" small-scale farmers in low-income or developing countries. No less influential is Vernon Ruttan and Yujiro Hayami's thesis concerning the role of induced technical and institutional innovation; arguing that as the scarcity of a factor of production (e.g. labor) increases, technology that saves on the use of the factor is induced to develop, along with supportive institutions, including property rights systems, public-sector research and extension systems, and marketing institutions. In Chapter 2 of this volume, they note that "it became clear that the induced technical change theme could provide the structure needed to integrate a large body of theoretical and empirical research on agricultural development." In fact, their research provided a consistent and effective framework to analyze how markets, technology development and institutional changes interact to facilitate agricultural development.Their perspectives are wide, covering large geographical areas and a thorough analysis of the historical development of agriculture in the United States, Japan, and many other Asian countries. The book collects the most influential papers of Ruttan and Hayami in order to aid readers in understanding how these highly influential agricultural economists developed their perspectives.

There has been much polemic about affluence, consumption, and the global environment. For some observers, "consumption" is at the root of global environmental threats: wealthy individuals and societies use far too much of the earth's resource base and should scale back their appetites to preserve the environment for future generations and allow a decent life for the rest of the world. Other observers see affluence as the way to escape environmental threats: economic development increases public pressure for environmental protection and makes capital available for environmentally benign technologies. The arguments are fed by conflicting beliefs, values, hopes, and fears--but surprisingly little scientific analysis. This book demonstrates that the relationship of consumption to the environment needs careful analysis by environmental and social scientists and conveys some of the excitement of treating the issue scientifically. It poses the key empirical questions: Which kinds of consumption are environmentally significant? Which actors are responsible for that consumption? What forces cause or explain environmentally significant consumption? How can it be changed?The book presents studies that open up important issues for empirical study: Are there any signs of saturation in the demand for travel in wealthy countries? What is the relationship between environmental consumption and human well-being? To what extent do people in developing countries emulate American consumption styles? The book also suggests broad strategies that scientists and research sponsors can use to better inform future debates about the environment, development, and consumption.

This book explores the role of health in sustainable agricultural development into the early decades of the twenty-first century. It focuses on emerging agricultural research priorities in developed and developing economies in response to the demands placed on their agricultural systems.

This book explores the role of health in sustainable agricultural development into the early decades of the twenty-first century. It focuses on emerging agricultural research priorities in developed and developing economies in response to the demands placed on their agricultural systems.

The contributors to this volume, based on the Agriculture Research Seminars held annually at the University of Minnesota, examine the role of government, multinationals, and the emerging private sector (in both domestic and international contexts) in determining agricultural research policy.

This book explores the resource and environmental constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production into the middle of the twenty-first century. It presents contemporary concerns with the implications of natural resource availability and environmental change.

The contributors to this volume, based on the Agriculture Research Seminars held annually at the University of Minnesota, examine the role of government, multinationals, and the emerging private sector (in both domestic and international contexts) in determining agricultural research policy.

This book explores the resource and environmental constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production into the middle of the twenty-first century. It presents contemporary concerns with the implications of natural resource availability and environmental change.