Enzymes are biological molecules of great relevance. In addition to the fundamental role in metabolic reactions, they have diverse applications in industrial processes in generating products of great commercial utility for the most diverse areas. Thus, industries seek to expand research to select microorganisms capable of producing enzymes according to their commercial objectives. Considering the diversity of the microbiota kingdom, as well as the diversity of mode of action of different classes of enzymes, this is an area that deserves constant investments to elucidate new applications, considering that these biological catalysts have great selectivity and a diversity of mode of action, reusable, and operate under mild process conditions, becoming the bridge for the development of sustainable processes and for adding value to commercial products.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into enzymes

• Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues and their use for the production of enzymes

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various enzymes of commercial interest

• Presents the main classes of enzymes obtained from alternative raw materials.

Enzymes are biological molecules of great relevance. In addition to the fundamental role in metabolic reactions, they have diverse applications in industrial processes in generating products of great commercial utility for the most diverse areas. Thus, industries seek to expand research to select microorganisms capable of producing enzymes according to their commercial objectives. Considering the diversity of the microbiota kingdom, as well as the diversity of mode of action of different classes of enzymes, this is an area that deserves constant investments to elucidate new applications, considering that these biological catalysts have great selectivity and a diversity of mode of action, reusable, and operate under mild process conditions, becoming the bridge for the development of sustainable processes and for adding value to commercial products.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into enzymes

• Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues and their use for the production of enzymes

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various enzymes of commercial interest

• Presents the main classes of enzymes obtained from alternative raw materials.

Food ingredients are important molecules of the most diverse chemical classes responsible for conferring nutrition, stability, color, flavor, rheological and sensorial characteristics, in addition to several other important uses in the food industry.

In this way, the production routes of these ingredients have gained more and more attention from consumers and producing industries, who expect that, in addition to their technological properties, these ingredients are still obtained without synthetic means, with savings of natural resources and mainly with less environmental impact.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into food ingredients

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various food ingredients of commercial interest

• Explores novel technologically advanced strategies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food wastes

• Presents important classes of food ingredients obtained from alternative raw materials

• Presents sustainable food waste resources and management strategies

• Presents different pretreatment technologies and green extraction methodologies to support a green environment in the circular economy concept.

• Challenges in applications of re-derived bioactive compounds from food wastes in food formulations

Food ingredients are important molecules of the most diverse chemical classes responsible for conferring nutrition, stability, color, flavor, rheological and sensorial characteristics, in addition to several other important uses in the food industry.

In this way, the production routes of these ingredients have gained more and more attention from consumers and producing industries, who expect that, in addition to their technological properties, these ingredients are still obtained without synthetic means, with savings of natural resources and mainly with less environmental impact.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into food ingredients

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various food ingredients of commercial interest

• Explores novel technologically advanced strategies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food wastes

• Presents important classes of food ingredients obtained from alternative raw materials

• Presents sustainable food waste resources and management strategies

• Presents different pretreatment technologies and green extraction methodologies to support a green environment in the circular economy concept.

• Challenges in applications of re-derived bioactive compounds from food wastes in food formulations

This contributed volume sheds new light on waste management and the production of biofuels. The authors share insights into microbial applications to meet the challenges of environmental pollution and the ever- growing need for renewable energy. They also explain how healthy and balanced ecosystems can be created and maintained using strategies ranging from oil biodegration and detoxification of azo dyes to biofouling.

In addition, the book illustrates how the metabolic abilities of microorganisms can be used in microbial fuel-cell technologies or for the production of biohydrogen. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the application of green biotechnology for bioremediation and the production of energy, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.

This contributed volume provides insights into multiple applications using microbes to promote productivity in agriculture, to produce biochemicals or to respond to challenges in biomedicine. It highlights the microbial production of nanocompounds with medical functionality alongside new anti-mycobacterial strategies, and introduces plant-growth-promoting Rhizobacteria as well as the correlation between biofilm formation and crop productivity. Further, the authors illustrate the green synthesis of biochemical compounds, such as hydroxamid acid or biosurfactants, using microbial and fungal enzymes. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the combined use of green, white and red biotechnology for industrial purposes, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.

This book highlights the efforts made by distinguished scientific researchers world-wide to meet two key challenges: i) the limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels, and ii) the ever-increasing amounts of waste being generated. These case studies have brought to the foreground certain innovative biological solutions to real-life problems we now face on a global scale: environmental pollution and its role in deteriorating human health. The book also highlights major advances in microbial metabolisms, which can be used to produce bioenergy, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, enzymes, etc. Around the world, countries like China, Germany, France, Sweden and the US are now implementing major national programs for the production of biofuels. The book provides information on how to meet the chief technical challenges – identifying an industrially robust microbe and cheap raw material as feed. Of the various possibilities for generating bioenergy, the most attractive is the microbial production of biohydrogen, which has recently gained significant recognition worldwide, due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. Further, the book highlights factors that can make these bioprocesses more economical, especially the cost of the feed. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is more advantageous in comparison to aerobic processes for stabilizing biowastes and producing biofuels (hydrogen, biodiesel, 1,3-propanediol, methane, electricity), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, exopolysaccharides) and bioactive molecules (such as enzymes, volatile fatty acids, sugars, toxins, etc.) for biotechnological and medical applications. Information is provided on how the advent of molecular biological techniques can provide greater insights into novel microbial lineages. Bioinformatic tools and metagenomic techniques have extended the limits to which these biological processes can be exploited to improvehuman welfare. A new dimension to these scientific works has been added by the emergence of synthetic biology. The Big Question is: How can these Microbial Factories be improved through metabolic engineering and what cost targets need to be met?

This book highlights the efforts made by distinguished scientific researchers world-wide to meet two key challenges: i) the limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels, and ii) the ever-increasing amounts of waste being generated. These case studies have brought to the foreground certain innovative biological solutions to real-life problems we now face on a global scale: environmental pollution and its role in deteriorating human health. The book also highlights major advances in microbial metabolisms, which can be used to produce bioenergy, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, enzymes, etc. Around the world, countries like China, Germany, France, Sweden and the US are now implementing major national programs for the production of biofuels. The book provides information on how to meet the chief technical challenges – identifying an industrially robust microbe and cheap raw material as feed. Of the various possibilities for generating bioenergy, the most attractive is the microbial production of biohydrogen, which has recently gained significant recognition worldwide, due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. Further, the book highlights factors that can make these bioprocesses more economical, especially the cost of the feed. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is more advantageous in comparison to aerobic processes for stabilizing biowastes and producing biofuels (hydrogen, biodiesel, 1,3-propanediol, methane, electricity), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, exopolysaccharides) and bioactive molecules (such as enzymes, volatile fatty acids, sugars, toxins, etc.) for biotechnological and medical applications. Information is provided on how the advent of molecular biological techniques can provide greater insights into novel microbial lineages. Bioinformatic tools and metagenomic techniques have extended the limits to which these biological processes can be exploited to improve human welfare. A new dimension to these scientific works has been added by the emergence of synthetic biology. The Big Question is: How can these Microbial Factories be improved through metabolic engineering and what cost targets need to be met?

This book comprehensively discusses the latest research in the area of metabolic engineering. Metabolic engineering solutions for bioactive compounds are now being derived by means of heterologous gene expression, in a wide range of organisms. The book provides an overview of the model systems being employed for metabolic manipulation to yield bioactive molecules, such as single-cell proteins, antibody generation, metabolites, proteases, chaperones, therapeutic proteins, nanomaterials, polymeric conjugates, dendrimers and nanoassemblies, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cell lines, etc. In addition, it shares insights into the scope of these methods in the areas of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, e.g. immunotherapy for curing various diseases like cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, etc.

The existence of living organisms in diverse ecosystems has been the focus of interest to human beings, primarily to obtain insights into the diversity and dynamics of the communities. This book discusses how the advent of novel molecular biology techniques, the latest being the next-generation sequencing technologies, helps to elucidate the identity of novel organisms, including those that are rare.

The book highlights the fact that oceans, marine environments, rivers, mountains and the gut are ecosystems with great potential for obtaining bioactive molecules, which can be used in areas such as agriculture, food, medicine, water supplies and bioremediation. It then describes the latest research in metagenomics, a field that allows elucidation of the maximum biodiversity within an ecosystem, without the need to actually grow and culture the organisms. Further, it describes how human-associated microbes are directly responsible for our health and overall wellbeing.<

Enzymes are biological molecules of great relevance. In addition to the fundamental role in metabolic reactions, they have diverse applications in industrial processes in generating products of great commercial utility for the most diverse areas. Thus, industries seek to expand research to select microorganisms capable of producing enzymes according to their commercial objectives. Considering the diversity of the microbiota kingdom, as well as the diversity of mode of action of different classes of enzymes, this is an area that deserves constant investments to elucidate new applications, considering that these biological catalysts have great selectivity and a diversity of mode of action, reusable, and operate under mild process conditions, becoming the bridge for the development of sustainable processes and for adding value to commercial products.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into enzymes

• Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues and their use for the production of enzymes

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various enzymes of commercial interest

• Presents the main classes of enzymes obtained from alternative raw materials.

Enzymes are biological molecules of great relevance. In addition to the fundamental role in metabolic reactions, they have diverse applications in industrial processes in generating products of great commercial utility for the most diverse areas. Thus, industries seek to expand research to select microorganisms capable of producing enzymes according to their commercial objectives. Considering the diversity of the microbiota kingdom, as well as the diversity of mode of action of different classes of enzymes, this is an area that deserves constant investments to elucidate new applications, considering that these biological catalysts have great selectivity and a diversity of mode of action, reusable, and operate under mild process conditions, becoming the bridge for the development of sustainable processes and for adding value to commercial products.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into enzymes

• Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues and their use for the production of enzymes

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various enzymes of commercial interest

• Presents the main classes of enzymes obtained from alternative raw materials.

Food ingredients are important molecules of the most diverse chemical classes responsible for conferring nutrition, stability, color, flavor, rheological and sensorial characteristics, in addition to several other important uses in the food industry.

In this way, the production routes of these ingredients have gained more and more attention from consumers and producing industries, who expect that, in addition to their technological properties, these ingredients are still obtained without synthetic means, with savings of natural resources and mainly with less environmental impact.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into food ingredients

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various food ingredients of commercial interest

• Explores novel technologically advanced strategies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food wastes

• Presents important classes of food ingredients obtained from alternative raw materials

• Presents sustainable food waste resources and management strategies

• Presents different pretreatment technologies and green extraction methodologies to support a green environment in the circular economy concept.

• Challenges in applications of re-derived bioactive compounds from food wastes in food formulations

Food ingredients are important molecules of the most diverse chemical classes responsible for conferring nutrition, stability, color, flavor, rheological and sensorial characteristics, in addition to several other important uses in the food industry.

In this way, the production routes of these ingredients have gained more and more attention from consumers and producing industries, who expect that, in addition to their technological properties, these ingredients are still obtained without synthetic means, with savings of natural resources and mainly with less environmental impact.

This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers.

• Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into food ingredients

• Provides technical concepts on the production of various food ingredients of commercial interest

• Explores novel technologically advanced strategies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food wastes

• Presents important classes of food ingredients obtained from alternative raw materials

• Presents sustainable food waste resources and management strategies

• Presents different pretreatment technologies and green extraction methodologies to support a green environment in the circular economy concept.

• Challenges in applications of re-derived bioactive compounds from food wastes in food formulations

This contributed volume sheds new light on waste management and the production of biofuels. The authors share insights into microbial applications to meet the challenges of environmental pollution and the ever- growing need for renewable energy. They also explain how healthy and balanced ecosystems can be created and maintained using strategies ranging from oil biodegration and detoxification of azo dyes to biofouling.

In addition, the book illustrates how the metabolic abilities of microorganisms can be used in microbial fuel-cell technologies or for the production of biohydrogen. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the application of green biotechnology for bioremediation and the production of energy, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.

This contributed volume provides insights into multiple applications using microbes to promote productivity in agriculture, to produce biochemicals or to respond to challenges in biomedicine. It highlights the microbial production of nanocompounds with medical functionality alongside new anti-mycobacterial strategies, and introduces plant-growth-promoting Rhizobacteria as well as the correlation between biofilm formation and crop productivity. Further, the authors illustrate the green synthesis of biochemical compounds, such as hydroxamid acid or biosurfactants, using microbial and fungal enzymes. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the combined use of green, white and red biotechnology for industrial purposes, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.

This book highlights the efforts made by distinguished scientific researchers world-wide to meet two key challenges: i) the limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels, and ii) the ever-increasing amounts of waste being generated. These case studies have brought to the foreground certain innovative biological solutions to real-life problems we now face on a global scale: environmental pollution and its role in deteriorating human health. The book also highlights major advances in microbial metabolisms, which can be used to produce bioenergy, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, enzymes, etc. Around the world, countries like China, Germany, France, Sweden and the US are now implementing major national programs for the production of biofuels. The book provides information on how to meet the chief technical challenges – identifying an industrially robust microbe and cheap raw material as feed. Of the various possibilities for generating bioenergy, the most attractive is the microbial production of biohydrogen, which has recently gained significant recognition worldwide, due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. Further, the book highlights factors that can make these bioprocesses more economical, especially the cost of the feed. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is more advantageous in comparison to aerobic processes for stabilizing biowastes and producing biofuels (hydrogen, biodiesel, 1,3-propanediol, methane, electricity), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, exopolysaccharides) and bioactive molecules (such as enzymes, volatile fatty acids, sugars, toxins, etc.) for biotechnological and medical applications. Information is provided on how the advent of molecular biological techniques can provide greater insights into novel microbial lineages. Bioinformatic tools and metagenomic techniques have extended the limits to which these biological processes can be exploited to improvehuman welfare. A new dimension to these scientific works has been added by the emergence of synthetic biology. The Big Question is: How can these Microbial Factories be improved through metabolic engineering and what cost targets need to be met?

This book highlights the efforts made by distinguished scientific researchers world-wide to meet two key challenges: i) the limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels, and ii) the ever-increasing amounts of waste being generated. These case studies have brought to the foreground certain innovative biological solutions to real-life problems we now face on a global scale: environmental pollution and its role in deteriorating human health. The book also highlights major advances in microbial metabolisms, which can be used to produce bioenergy, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, enzymes, etc. Around the world, countries like China, Germany, France, Sweden and the US are now implementing major national programs for the production of biofuels. The book provides information on how to meet the chief technical challenges – identifying an industrially robust microbe and cheap raw material as feed. Of the various possibilities for generating bioenergy, the most attractive is the microbial production of biohydrogen, which has recently gained significant recognition worldwide, due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. Further, the book highlights factors that can make these bioprocesses more economical, especially the cost of the feed. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is more advantageous in comparison to aerobic processes for stabilizing biowastes and producing biofuels (hydrogen, biodiesel, 1,3-propanediol, methane, electricity), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, exopolysaccharides) and bioactive molecules (such as enzymes, volatile fatty acids, sugars, toxins, etc.) for biotechnological and medical applications. Information is provided on how the advent of molecular biological techniques can provide greater insights into novel microbial lineages. Bioinformatic tools and metagenomic techniques have extended the limits to which these biological processes can be exploited to improve human welfare. A new dimension to these scientific works has been added by the emergence of synthetic biology. The Big Question is: How can these Microbial Factories be improved through metabolic engineering and what cost targets need to be met?

This book comprehensively discusses the latest research in the area of metabolic engineering. Metabolic engineering solutions for bioactive compounds are now being derived by means of heterologous gene expression, in a wide range of organisms. The book provides an overview of the model systems being employed for metabolic manipulation to yield bioactive molecules, such as single-cell proteins, antibody generation, metabolites, proteases, chaperones, therapeutic proteins, nanomaterials, polymeric conjugates, dendrimers and nanoassemblies, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cell lines, etc. In addition, it shares insights into the scope of these methods in the areas of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, e.g. immunotherapy for curing various diseases like cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, etc.

The existence of living organisms in diverse ecosystems has been the focus of interest to human beings, primarily to obtain insights into the diversity and dynamics of the communities. This book discusses how the advent of novel molecular biology techniques, the latest being the next-generation sequencing technologies, helps to elucidate the identity of novel organisms, including those that are rare.

The book highlights the fact that oceans, marine environments, rivers, mountains and the gut are ecosystems with great potential for obtaining bioactive molecules, which can be used in areas such as agriculture, food, medicine, water supplies and bioremediation. It then describes the latest research in metagenomics, a field that allows elucidation of the maximum biodiversity within an ecosystem, without the need to actually grow and culture the organisms. Further, it describes how human-associated microbes are directly responsible for our health and overall wellbeing.<