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Following the format of the widely acclaimed, The Value of a Dollar, The Value of a Dollar 1600- 1865, The Colonial Era to The Civil War records the actual prices of thousands of items that consumers purchased, from the Colonial Era to the Civil War. Our editorial department was flooded with requests from users of our Value of a Dollar for the same type of information, just from an earlier time period. This volume was created to fill that important need.

The Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore series offers analytical articles and plot summaries of the major myths, fairy tales, and other traditional literature for studies in advanced high school and undergraduate classrooms. The Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore presents articles on myths, folktales, legends, and other traditional literature. The second title in the series is Heroes and Heroines. Drawing upon the most widely-read literature, as well as introducing to readers overlooked yet significant tales, the theme of the hero and heroine is one of the most universal stories told across cultures. This volume covers a diverse range of countries and cultures, as well as important retellings in the modern tradition. Articles begin with a contextual overview of the important cultural and social currents surrounding the myth and the life of the author. A summary offers readers the major actions and characters in a myth followed by an in-depth analysis drawing upon scholarship in the field. The series is unique in the attention given to the cross-cultural significance of mythology. Sidebars with a brief explanation of mythic characters in sculpture and art provide an added feature to the cultural survey. Myth has long sparked the imagination of poets, dramatists, and other artists as they explore the full dimension of human life. The articles close with an extended introduction and analysis of the many uses of the myth and characters in music, literature, and the arts. Students, educators, and general readers will discover a broad critical and cultural survey that engages the contemporary imagination in the importance of myth, fairy tale, and other traditional literature.

The Introduction to Literary Context series provides introductory overviews of some of the world's best-known works of literature, including novels, short stories, novellas, and poems, placing them in historical, societal, scientific and religious context of their time to deepen understanding and encourage discussion. This volume introduces literary contexts as they apply to American novels written post 1960, by American and Canadian authors, offering high school and undergraduate students a working foundation of literary context designed to prepare them for more critical literary analysis, such as in Critical Insights. br>This new series – Introduction to Literary Context -- provides richly detailed essays on significant American post-modernist novels that are studied by upper high school and undergraduate college students. It includes post-modern works by both American and Canadian authors. This volume includes discussion of 36 novels, including: How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent (Julia Alverez); Libra (Don DeLillo); Girl, Interrupted (Susana Kaysan); The Red Tent (Anita Diamant); The Handmaid’s Tale (Margaret Atwood); Neruomancer (William Gibson); The Naked and the Dead (Norman Mailer); Beloved (Toni Morrison); Zombie (Joyce Carol Oates); Rabbit Run (John Updike); and Jailbird (Kurt Vonnegut). Each essay examines these novels through the following categories: Content Synopsis; Societal Context; Scientific & Technological Context; and Biographical Context. Designed to introduce high school and undergraduate students to these literary concepts, this volume is a valuable forerunner to the more rigorous critical analysis provided in Salem’s Critical Insights series. Indeed, many of the novels, authors, and themes covered in Introduction to Literary Context have a companion Critical Insight volume for continued study. The essays in Introduction to Literary Context: American Post-Modernist Novels also include a list of Complementary Texts, Discussion Questions, and Essay Questions to help students get the most out of their study of these novels.

Tolstoy’s epic novel is one of the most famous pieces of Russian literature and is on the short list of the most important works of literature in the world. This volume examines Tolstoy’s unique achievement through a number of thought-provoking essays, and the interplay of the many genres of the text, including historical fiction, war drama, romance and realism.

Edited by Kimberly Drake, who directs the writing program and teaches writing and American literature and culture at Scripps College, this volume includes chapters on the more widely read slave narratives, including those by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and Solomon Northup, but also relatively lesser-known narratives, such as neo-slave narrative novels and slave narratives about slavery outside the U.S. Individual chapters will provide researchers with a wide range of approaches to the slave narrative genre, and the volume's Preface will discuss the history of the slave narrative genre from its origins to the present day, where it makes its way into popular films and novels.

Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick is often considered the greatest American novel – a vast epic that combines deep philosophy and high adventure as well as rich comedy and profound tragedy. Moby-Dick also offers a particularly diverse array of characters of various types, personalities, and ethnic backgrounds, and its styles are as varied as the people it depicts. Full of humorous dialects and idioms and brimming with probing, impassioned, poetic speeches, Melville’s novel explores the fascinating world of whale-hunting in the mid-nineteenth century, even as it also explores some of the most perennial questions about the purposes and meanings of life. The final impact of the book, when enraged whale meets pursuing ship, is one of the most memorable episodes in all of American literature.This volume and author of nearly 30 books and over 300 essays) is designed to help make Melville’s great novel more readily accessible to a wide audience, especially students and everyday readers. Containing numerous essays by many prominent Melville scholars, the book places Melville and his epic novel in their various historical contexts while also showing how the novel continues to be relevant – and powerful – today. The volume seeks to show that Moby-Dick is no mere period piece but instead fully deserves its reputation as perhaps the greatest work of American fiction.

Diverse in theme, style and cultural context, the American short story can take many forms. The only common theme is the short story’s unique ability to captivate an audience. This volume discusses the origin and popularity of the short story. Original critical essays on a diverse collection of writers highlight Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Ambrose Bierce, O. Henry, Kate Chopin and many others.Each essay is 2,500 to 5,000 words in length, and all essays conclude with a list of ""Works Cited,"" along with endnotes. Finally, the volume's appendixes offer a section of useful reference resources.

Selected from a diverse field of speakers and venues, this volume offers some of the most engaging American speeches of the year.Distinguished by its diversity, covering areas in politics, education, popular culture, as well as trending topics in the news, these speeches provide an interesting format to explore some of the year’s most important stories.

Written for high school and undergraduate students, this series will help students explore their futures, and set goals in these exciting and growing fields.This title examines 20 occupations in hospitality and tourism which encompasses the management, marketing and operations of restaurants, lodging, attractions, recreation events and other travel related services. Careers covered in the text include Chef, Cosmetologist, Fitness Trainer, Florist, Gardener, Hotel Manager, Interior Designer, Pilot, Sailor, Travel Agent, and many more.Chapters provide an inside-look at the career options within a particular profession, including: Overview: Sphere of WorkA Day in the LifeWork Environment: Physical, Human, TechnologicalEducation & Training: Schooling, Licensing, Adult Job SeekersEarnings & AdvancementAreas with the Highest Employment LevelsEmployment OutlookAssociations & Business Contacts to Jumpstart NetworkingPlus… Famous Firsts, Occupation Specialties, Skills & Abilities, Fun FactsConversations with Real Professions, including “What I Wish I Had Known”

Introduction to Literary Context: World Literature provides richly detailed essays on significant works of literature from around the world that are studied by high school and undergraduate college students. With coverage of both novels and works of short fiction, the essays provide an in-depth examination of the most studied, historical and contemporary works of literature from around the world.Each 8-10 page concise essay examines each work through the following categories: Content SynopsisSocietal ContextScientific & Technological ContextBiographical ContextThis volume includes discussion of over 40 novels and works of short fiction, including:The Picture of Dorian Gray(Oscar Wilde); Out of Africa (Isak Dinesen); The Year of Living Dangerously (Christopher Koch); Schindler’s List (Thomas Keneally); Ulysses and Dubliners (James Joyce); The Twyborn Affair (Patrick White); The House of Spirits (Isabel Allende); At Swim-Two-Birds (Flann O’Brien); The Metamorphis (Franz Kafka); The God of Small Things (Arundhati Roy) and Candide, Or, Optimism (Volatire).The essays in Introduction to Literary Context: World Literature also include a list of Additional Contemporary Novels, Discussion Questions, and Essay Ideas to help students get the most out of their study of these works.

Jack Kerouac's On the Road is one of the most famous works produced by a so-called ""beat"" writer—one of a group of nonconformists who shocked many of their contemporaries not only because of the works they produced but also because of the lives they lived. Initially attacked for its celebration of seemingly free-spirited attitudes and behavior, On the Road has lately been increasingly criticized for its allegedly outdated views, especially involving women. This volume examines, among many other topics, why On the Road remained popular for decades after it was published, and why it has been the target of strong criticism, and how that criticism has changed, over the years.

Selected from a diverse field of speakers and venues, this volume offers some of the most engaging American speeches of the year.Distinguished by its diversity, covering areas in politics, education, popular culture, as well as trending topics in the news, these speeches provide an interesting format to explore some of the year’s most important stories.

Russian Novelists is a single-volume reference that contains selected essays from Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition. Every article in this set was carefully selected by our editors to provide the best information available about the topic covered.The essays in Russian Novelists discuss such influential writers as Vassily Aksyonov, Maxim Gorky, Alexander Pushkin, and Leo Tolstoy.

Outstanding, in-depth scholarship by renowned literary critics; great starting point for students seeking an introduction to the theme and the critical discussions surrounding it.Critical Insights: Harlem Renaissance presents the period of unparallel growth in art and literature from the African American Community, also known as the Harlem Renaissance. With its production of key authors, from Langston Hughes to Claude McKay, among others, the Harlem Renaissance saw the rise in creative endeavors by black artists and writers eager to celebrate the unique characteristics of black life and to challenge the institutionalized racial hierarchy pervasive within twentieth-century American society. These creative thinkers, certainly intellectuals in their own right, used their poetry, short stories, novels, and plays as a vehicle to critique the longstanding issues within society that limited socioeconomic mobility for blacks, while perpetuating startling stereotypes about a community too long oppressed. Because of its undeniable impact in shaping the American cultural imagination regarding blacks and on the larger American literary canon, the Harlem Renaissance has since been heavily studied as the most significant period of artistic as well as cultural development the African American community has ever experienced.This title seeks to offer not only expanded readings of the central themes that have long captivated the attention of scholars across time, but also providing valuable insight into the texts, authors, and critical perspectives too often overlooked.Each essay is 2,500 to 5,000 words in length, and all essays conclude with a list of ""Works Cited,"" along with endnotes. Finally, the volume's appendixes offer a section of useful reference resources: About This Volume; Critical Context: Original Introductory Essays; Critical Readings: Original In-Depth Essays; Further Readings; Detailed Bibliography; Detailed Bio of the Editor; General Subject Index.

Toni Morrison's 1987 tale of Sethe, an escaped slave living in Cincinnati and struggling to overcome her past, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988 along with instant international acclaim. Several essays in this volume study major themes of Beloved, including motherhood, the psychological impacts of slavery, and repression of memory, as well as connections to the real-life slave who inspired Morrison's story.Taken together, the essays presented in this volume give special attention to the traumatic horrors of slavery. Indeed, although their authors examine Sethe's act of infanticide from various perspectives, it is evident that the recurring theme throughout the volume is not the question of rightness or the wrongness of the act itself, but the ways in which the characters contend with and survive a dehumanizing and absurd historical movement. Beloved, the narrative, and Beloved the character, become Morrison's conduits for confronting a story that is impossible to tell but needs to be told.Each essay is 2,500 to 5,000 words in length, and all essays conclude with a list of ""Works Cited,"" along with endnotes. Finally, the volume's appendixes offer a section of useful reference resources:About This VolumeCritical Context: Original Introductory EssaysCritical Readings: Original In-Depth EssaysFurther ReadingsDetailed BibliographyDetailed Bio of the EditorGeneral Subject Index

Provides readers with a new, interesting way to study the impact of the Vietnam War on American history. Through in-depth analysis of important primary documents from 1956-1975, readers will gain new insight into the causes, issues and lasting effects of this pivotal time in American history.

Great Lives from History: American Women covers prominent individuals from colonial times through the present, offering a fascinating perspective on important women from U.S. history.

Patriotism has long been an important theme in world literature, especially during the era of the so-called "nation-state." Millions of people, motivated by patriotism, have served their countries in many different ways, including in military service in which millions have died. What is patriotism? How has it been defined, embraced, and sometimes rejected? How are various attitudes toward it reflected in literature? These are the kinds of questions this volume will explore from deliberately diverse perspectives.

Many tell the spirited tales of the American West, describing life in the North American frontier as it moved from its earliest border at the Appalachian Mountain range through Westward expansion to the Pacific coastline. Others write or speak of their rich, varied experiences as members of First People Nations. Each story takes its place in history, part of the development and narrative of America.This volume provides both an overview of and a more in-depth context to the stories of over 100 acclaimed writers. Each entry includes a comprehensive overview of each author's biography and literary career as well as a ready-reference listing of their major works in all genres.Writers in this volume include:Cormac McCarthyBlack ElkBlack HawkSherman AlexieLeslie Marmon SilkoJanet Campbell HalePaul Gunn AllenVine DeloriaJames Fennimore CooperLarry McMurtryWilla CatherKit CarsonMark TwainStephen CraneLouis L’AmourN. Scott MomadayLouise ErdrichJames WelchJoy HarjoCharles EastmanJohn Joseph MathewsLinda HoganTommy Picoand Tommy Orange.Each essay identifies the writer’s major genres, and birth and death dates and places. The volume also includes a Chronological List of Authors; Genre Index; Personages Index; Title Index; Subject Index; and dozens of photographs. Designed to introduce readers at the high school and university level to the rich world of Native Americans and the vivid literature of the American West, this title provides students with careful research and resources to further explore these rich literary traditions.

This volume discusses human action and how human behavior relates to society. Coverage will discuss two broad categories: how we process information to make decisions that help us function and survive in our social environment, and how our relationships, interactions, communication networks, and relational dynamics play out in our social system. In more than 100 essays, coverage includes:PsychologyCognitive scienceBehavior analysisPsychobiologyNeural networksSocial cognitionEach entry includes an Abstract that provides a brief, concrete summary of the topic and its significance; a detailed Essay that provides extensive background on the topic and explores its significance to the field of marine science; and a list of Further Reading. This resource will be a helpful tool for students and researchers who are just beginning their study of geology and need a solid background of the key terms and elements in the field.

This volume covers allergies, defined as hypersensitivity to the immune system, and immune disorders, which are dysfunctions of the immune system classified as different from allergies based on immune system disorders. Readers will explore allergies to common allergens, like pollen and certain foods, as well as a variety of immune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Coverage includes causes, prevalence, and treatments. Topics in this volume include:Signs and symptomsFood allergiesDrug allergiesEnvironmental allergiesGeneticsImmunodeficienciesAsthmaAcute responseLate-phase responseEssays are comprehensive and accessible to high school students, undergraduates, and general readers interested in learning more about allergies, allergens, and immune disorders. Each essay includes multiple subheads including an opening Summary and Further Reading. The volume ends with a Glossary, Bibliography, and Subject Index.

A musician might start by playing guitar in their teenaged bedroom, but the machinery behind their career is significant. Songwriters, composers, singers, all levels of musicians, and conductors train with individual teachers and often attend arts and music schools. Performance spaces managers and booking agents, sound engineers, promoters, and traveling crews are all crucial in bringing live performances to their audiences.On the business side, talent and business managers guide careers, and entertainment attorneys review contracts. The evolving recording business hosts a variety of careers as vinyl recording reemerge, and streaming platforms take the place of live performances due to the pandemic. Musicians in recording and digital media can also work on a range of projects such as recording radio and TV commercials or video game and film scores. Career options in the music industry are more varied than ever before, and technology just expands the field.

This new, two-volume title features the best crime writers—both classic and contemporary.An incredibly popular genre, crime fiction encompasses both mystery (whodunit) stories that keep readers in suspense and detective fiction which is usually marked by a struggle between good (the law) and evil (the criminal). Each of the more than 300 essays includes a comprehensive overview of the lives of the featured author as well as a detailed look at his or her significant works.Coverage includes the following classic and more recent crime writers:Raymond ChandlerEdgar Allen PoeAgatha ChristieDashiell HammettMegan AbbottMary Higgins ClarkGillian FlynnShirley JacksonAsa LarssonSteig LarssonAnne PerryAttica LockeJ. K. Rowling and moreIn addition to essays on individual writers, Notable Crime Fiction Writers includes a number of essays that survey groups of writers who are not treated at length in their own essays. Survey essays cover crime writers whose detectives fall into various groups, including LGBTQ detectives, African American detectives, Asian detectives, Scandinavian detectives, and detectives with disabilities.All individual writer essays are clearly separated into three parts: Contribution indicates the author’s unique place in crime fiction; Biography summarizes the author’s life, specifically events that led or contributed to their writing; and Analysis provides an overview of the author’s work, detailing themes, motifs, and style. Additional features include birth/death dates, pseudonyms, type of plots, lists of significant works, and annotated bibliography. Back matter includes Terms & Techniques, Crime Fiction Jargon, Timeline of Crime Fiction, and several indexes.

A follow up to the popular first volume of Novels into Film (2018), this new volume adds another 100 significant novels and movie adaptations ranging from classics to contemporary.Novels Into Film: Analysis & Interpretations offers a unique look at how a story makes its way from the printed page to the screen. The 100 novels covered in this work represent a wide range of years, genres, and stories. While most of the films in this work have been adaptedfrom full-length novels, some come from novellas, short stories, or plays.Featured titles include:Crazy Rich AsiansRed SparrowA Wrinkle in TimeLittle WomenThe Native SonThe GoldfinchThe volume begins with an introduction that includes which books make the most successful adaptations and why, and significant differences between books and movies, beyond the obvious. Essays are arranged alphabetically by film title, and each essay offers valuable top matter about both the book (author and date of publication) and the film (year released, director, screenwriter and actors).The body of the essay is divided into detailed sections --Context, Film Analysis, and Significance --and all signed essays end with Further Reading and Bibliography lists. Each detailed essay is made all the more robust with images, including movie posters, stills from the film, and photographs of actors and directors at work.The back matter of the volume includes six significant indexes: Print Works by Title, Print Works by Author, Print Works by Date of First Publication, Films by Screenwriter, Films by Director, and Films by Release Date.The expanded coverage in this new volume will appeal to both book and film lovers alike, as well as offer serious value to film study curricula.

These volumes explore the five freedoms protected in the First Amendment—speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. Together, these five guaranteed freedoms make the people of the United States the freest in the world. There is no age or citizenship requirement to exercise your First Amendment—they are guaranteed the day you are born as long as you are in the U.S. Few Americans would question the importance of the First Amendment, despite the misunderstanding that often swirls around the principles embodied in these freedoms. From the birth of the First Amendment in 1789 to today, most Americans exercise these rights every day.

Julius Caesar is one of William Shakespeare's most famous and important plays, and one of the most frequently taught, especially in high schools. Dealing with one of the most significant events in the history of Rome, the assassination of Julius Caesar and the subsequent end of the Roman Republic, the play has been performed and filmed numerous times. This volume examines the play from many different perspectives, including historical, aesthetic, and comparative points of view, among others, to add to the ongoing lively conversation the play has always stimulated.

Alice Walker's The Color Purple is one of the most celebrated and influential novels in American and African American literature, a rare winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award for Fiction, and the inspiration for an acclaimed film adaptation and Broadway musical. In celebration of The Color Purple's fortieth anniversary, this volume offers new readings of the classic literary work from biographical, cultural, historical, and spiritual points of view, with additional analyses devoted to art, adaptations, comparative texts, ethics, linguistics, masculinity, motherhood, poetry, and social activism and movements such as Black Lives Matter.

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings quickly became one of the most popular and influential novels of the twentieth century. It inspired not just one film but a series of well-received movies that brought Tolkien's highly imaginative fantasy epic to life on the big screen. This volume about the novel discusses the work from numerous points of view, employing biographical, historical, cultural, mythic, and aesthetic approaches, among others.

The Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, are well known English poets and novelists of the nineteenth century. This volume closely examines Charlotte's masterpiece Jane Eyre, Emily's influential Wuthering Heights, and Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, to give readers a deeper sense of the themes throughout these important works and the influences behind their creation. Common themes throughout the sisters' works are love, gender, class, and the intersections of all three, and this volume explores these topics and more, setting the work of the Brontë sisters into various contexts, such as biographical, historical, social, cultural, and aesthetic.