University Alabama Press – förlag

Before humans ever left Earth's atmosphere, a handful of primates paved the way—earning fame and fascination but leaving behind a complicated and often highly debated legacy. As the Cold War intensified, the US space program turned to monkeys—Able, Baker, Ham, and Enos—to test and explore the limits of human survival in space. These animals became media sensations, museum exhibits, and symbols of American ingenuity, even as their suffering was often overlooked.

With insight and empathy, Lynch unpacks the stories we tell about these primates and how they are remembered through culture and time, both modern and historically. Lynch argues that the public memory of these animals often justifies their use in the name of scientific progress. Sometimes they are portrayed as tools, other times as human stand-ins, and frequently as objects of sympathy—but rarely as subjects of critique.

Lynch shows how feelings—compassion, cuteness, patriotism, and the technological sublime—shape the stories we tell about these animals and the ethical frameworks we build around them. Each chapter focuses on a different genre of memory-making, from newspaper and photojournalism to museum exhibits, children's literature, and fictional films.

By reframing these animal pioneers, Lynch uncovers the ethical and emotional narratives that shape how we remember science. Space Monkeys! is a vital reflection on memory, identity, and the more-than-human costs of progress.

An unflinching account of how city planning was deployed to enforce white supremacy in Montgomery, Alabama—the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement—and how Black activists fought back, block by neighborhood block.

At the heart of the Civil Rights Movement was a city meticulously designed to enforce inequality. In Planning White Supremacy: Civil Rights and City Planning in Montgomery, Alabama, 1920–1970, Rebecca Coleen Retzlaff traces how city officials used the tools of modern planning—zoning, infrastructure, housing codes, public investment, and highway construction—to suppress political power, economic opportunity, and spatial freedom for Black citizens.

As the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement, Montgomery became a battleground where urban planning and direct-action protest collided, shaping the city's culture in ways that still resonate today. Retzlaff's analysis exposes the calculated use of municipal power to control land use, displace Black communities, keep schools and neighborhoods segregated, and preserve white political dominance. By placing urban planning at the center of Montgomery's story, this groundbreaking work reframes the movement not only as a fight for voting rights and legal equality, but as a struggle for space, housing, mobility, education, and the right to live with dignity. Retzlaff also highlights the resilience and joy of the close-knit Black neighborhoods that nurtured the civil rights activists who changed history.

Retzlaff reveals how urban planning decisions systematically targeted Black neighborhoods, reinforcing racial inequality under the guise of modernization. With historical depth and critical insight, Planning White Supremacy situates Montgomery within the broader context of American urban history—offering a vital perspective on the intersection of race, space, and power. Essential for scholars of urban planning, history, and racial justice, this book also provides urgent insight into how these legacies continue to shape cities and Black socioeconomic opportunities today.

An overdue reassessment of one of the US Navy's most decorated—and divisive—early commanders, whose legacy remains teetering between heroism and scandalous.

A Double-Edged Sword: The Biography of Commodore Jesse Duncan Elliott, 1782–1845 is a comprehensive and long-overdue portrait of one of the most polarizing figures in early US naval history. Written over the course of a decade and completed shortly before the author's death, this meticulously researched biography revisits the career of a man once hailed for his military exploits—and later condemned for a myriad of personal controversies—including his perceived missteps while in command.

David F. Long traces Elliott's rise from promising young officer to commodore, chronicling his leadership during key moments such as the capture of the brig Caledonia, the defense of Fort Erie, and his central—but contested—role in the Battle of Lake Erie. Despite notable contributions to the Navy's early successes, including his diplomatic work and restoration of the USS Constitution, Elliott's legacy was clouded by scandal: accusations of cowardice, a notorious duel, a contentious command style, and a drawn-out court-martial that ended his career in disgrace.

Serving as both biography and reflective historical analysis, Long paints a vivid picture of the early US Navy—its rivalries, growing pains, and evolving institutional identity. His balanced account of Elliott's life, neither excusing his faults nor downplaying his achievements, places the commodore's story in direct conversation with the challenges and ambitions of a rapidly expanding American maritime power. This is a must read for scholars of naval and military history, early American politics, or anyone interested in the brazen albeit controversial legacy of a forgotten national hero.

Illuminates the life and legacy of a federal jurist from Alabama, an unexpected but ardent defender of equal rights for all citizens under the law

Ushering Civil Rights into Law: Judge Richard T. Rives and Desegregation in the Public Sphere by Pat Arneson is a long-overdue exploration of one of the most consequential yet overlooked figures of the modern Civil Rights Movement. As debates over judicial philosophy and Civil Rights continue, Judge Richard T. Rives's story serves as a powerful reminder of the judiciary's role in shaping a more just society.

A native of Montgomery, Alabama, Judge Richard T. Rives served on the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit during the height of America's battle over racial segregation. Once aligned with segregationist views, Rives underwent a profound evolution, emerging as a key legal architect of desegregation. His landmark ruling on behalf of the court in Browder v. Gayle ended segregation on Montgomery's public buses and expanded the scope of Brown v. Board of Education beyond education. Rives's decisions invalidated the legal underpinnings of Jim Crow laws and furthered equality in public education, voting rights, and jury selection. Writing for the court, Rives authored legal precedents that fundamentally reshaped the nation.

Through archival research, Arneson examines the cultural and political pressures Rives faced, the legal strategies he employed, and the lasting impact of his work. Constitutional rights remain a flashpoint in American discourse. Ushering Civil Rights into Law reveals how one judge's principled stance helped define the legal landscape of modern Civil Rights and underscores the enduring significance of his legacy.

A civil rights attorney's unflinching memoir about the fight against segregation and systemic racism through landmark legal battles in Alabama.

Be Not Afraid: A Southern Journey Through Law, Liberty, and Civil Rights is a timely and unflinching memoir from civil rights attorney Jack Drake, who has spent decades on the front lines of Alabama's legal battles for racial justice. Raised in a segregated community in Gardendale, Alabama, Drake came of age during the Civil Rights Movement and became a pivotal figure in cases that reshaped the state's legal and moral landscape.

Drake helped reform Alabama's grossly inadequate mental health system and supported voting rights efforts throughout Alabama. His career underscores the crucial role private attorneys and grassroots advocates played in enforcing civil rights laws long after their passage.

Through vivid recollections of courtroom battles, civil rights alliances, and personal transformation, Be Not Afraid offers an intimate view into the persistence and courage required to challenge systemic injustice. At a time when debates over equity and democracy remain pressing, Drake's story is both a powerful reflection on the past and a call to action for the present. It speaks to the enduring importance of legal advocacy and community solidarity in the fight for a more just society, making it essential reading for those engaged in civil rights history, law, or social change.

Illuminates the early American period in the upper Caribbean

Scourge of the Caribbean explores the mysterious and dramatic life and career of Charles E. Hawkins, a relatively unknown naval figure in early national America. Hawkins's action-packed life at sea in his brief but accomplished career reveals much about an era when the rules of the maritime world, especially in the Caribbean, were in flux. For the US Navy and its commanders, the Caribbean presented an untold number of ambiguities: revolutionary juntas, privateering, piracy, and deadly disease, all within some of the most beautiful landscapes and waterscapes on earth.

Hawkins, from a well-connected family, took to the sea as a midshipman in the US Navy. Stalled promotion, economic setbacks, and blunted opportunities stymied the young officer, but ambition, combined with varied experiences and maritime pursuits, presented other prospects. At a time when individual agency mattered most, Hawkins stepped outside traditional boundaries of conduct on numerous occasions. Hawkins followed a mentor into the Mexican navy and became the most successful and feared raider of Spanish ships, earning the sobriquet "scourge" because of his raids along Cuba's northern coast. In 1835, Hawkins joined the Texas independence movement against Mexico. Within the historical narrative are lurid accounts of adultery, affairs of honor, a bloody assassination, and complicated maritime legal battles. Based on prodigious research, this lively tale will appeal to those interested in maritime and early American history and the upper Caribbean in the Age of Sail.

A raw, firsthand account of feuds, fiddling, moonshining, and survival in a small Alabama town, told by its most colorful chronicler and shaped through careful historical insight.

The Ballad of Fiddling Tom Freeman is a riveting portrait of a forgotten America, drawn from the handwritten memoirs of a bootlegger, fiddler, and chronicler of life in Bug Tussle, Alabama, in the first half of the twentieth century. Today, rural voices are often drowned out by polished narratives, but this book resurrects the unfiltered perspective of a man who lived through—and candidly documented—the chaos and violence in his home place as he shared stories of the large close-knit families who lived there.

Freeman's storytelling is as wild and tangled as the lives he describes, and author Joyce H. Cauthen, with the assistance of historical researcher Robin Sterling, brings clarity and context to his tales without sanding down their rough edges. The result is a vivid, bottom-up history of a place where lawlessness and loyalty often walked hand in hand.

The Ballad of Fiddling Tom Freeman stands out as a testament to the power of personal narrative. Not just a story about one man, it's a window into a community shaped by hardship, music, and survival, told in a voice that refuses to be forgotten. This book is essential reading for historians, folklorists, musicians, and anyone drawn to the untamed stories of America's backroads and backwoods.

Examines how poor and working-class communities in Guadalajara organized through faith, education, and culture to claim dignity, justice, and the right to the city.

Strength in Unity: Christian Base Communities and the Urban Popular Movement in Guadalajara, 1965–1994 presents the grassroots history of Guadalajara's urban popular movement, centering the voices and struggles of poor and working-class communities, especially women, who organized for dignity, justice, and the right to the city. Brad H. Wright brings to light the transformative role of Christian base communities and Freirean popular education as incubators of political consciousness and collective action in the face of authoritarian repression and neoliberal coaptation.

Drawing from oral histories, personal archives, and the records of the Sagrado Corazón nuns, Wright reconstructs a powerful counternarrative to dominant portrayals of marginalized populations as "apathetic" and "uneducated." Strength in Unity reveals a vibrant culture of resistance where women led campaigns for basic services, built schools, and demanded access to transportation, using tools such as community newspapers, street theater, and music to mobilize and sustain solidarity.

This deeply researched and compellingly told history challenges conventional accounts of urban development and social movements in Latin America. Strength in Unity is essential reading for scholars, students, and activists interested in grassroots organizing, liberation theology, and the enduring power of community-led change.

A critical exploration of how Gothic tropes infiltrate wellness discourse, revealing the rhetorical forces behind our cultural obsession with food, health, and bodily control.

Disgustatory! A Gothic Rhetoric of Consumption unearths the darkness behind modern obsessions with food, health, and bodily optimization. In this provocative and richly interdisciplinary work, Jeremy Tirrell and Kate Maddalena argue that contemporary discourses around food, medicine, and the body are steeped in Gothic rhetoric—where the promise of purity and control is shadowed by monstrosity, abjection, and the uncanny.

From Soylent and nootropics to probiotics and lab-grown meat, Tirrell and Maddalena show how wellness discourse is haunted by Gothic tropes: body horror, hybridity, and existential dread. Wellness culture, they argue, is not merely pseudoscience or fraud but a complex, persuasive rhetoric that blurs science and myth, purity and decay, medicine and mysticism.

Disgustatory! offers a fresh framework: a "Gothic rhetoric of consumption" that explains why we are drawn to weird diets, digital detoxes, and miracle cures. Through case studies of strange substances and stranger practices—Reddit fasting rituals, magic dirt supplements, fecal transplants— Tirrell and Maddalena reveal how fear, fascination, and the fantasy of bodily control animate our health choices. Each chapter explores a rhetorical element—quantification, hybridity, abjection, optimization, and regulation—to show how food becomes a site of cultural anxiety and existential longing. This book will appeal to rhetoricians, scholars of science and technology studies, cultural theorists, and anyone interested in the strange intersections of health, horror, and persuasion.

Examines the emotional, formal, and environmental dimensions of war commemoration

Experiencing War Memorials is a compelling edited collection of essays that examines how war is commemorated through public memorials and the powerful emotions and ideologies these sites generate. Drawing on fields such as war studies, affect studies, public memory studies, and the environmental humanities, the volume demonstrates that commemoration is not only an intellectual act but an embodied, affective experience.

Through diverse case studies, contributors analyze how memorials shape public feelings about fast and slow violence, including battles, massacres, incarceration, colonialism, slavery and its afterlives, and the uneven harms of climate change. The essays reveal how materials, landscapes, narrative conventions, and innovative memorial forms guide emotional responses such as grief, pride, ambivalence, and outrage while making injustice perceptible. Against the backdrop of ongoing debates over heritage and violence, the collection insists on the importance of attending to the messy and disordered emotional dimensions of public memory. Essays explore memorials that center marginalized experiences, from Native American and female veterans to military working dogs; scrutinize unsettling sites such as Confederate monuments and overlooked Holocaust locations; and consider digital, ecological, and pandemic-era memorials that expand the boundaries of commemoration.

Edited by Jennifer K. Ladino, Experiencing War Memorials offers nuanced insights into how memorial practices shape national identities, ethical understanding, and the possibilities for social change, illuminating the profound ways public remembrance influences how societies feel, remember, and reckon with violence in all its forms. This volume will appeal to scholars and students of memory studies, war and cultural studies, environmental humanities, and American studies, as well as museum professionals, artists, and readers interested in the politics and emotions of public commemoration.

How Cold War urgency, academic ambition, and federal power converged to make math the cornerstone of American education policy.

The Math Mafia by Emily T. Hamilton is a historical account of mathematics education reform in twentieth-century America and how that movement played a role in shaping the broader contours of national education policy. Hamilton contends that a cohesive and well-organized community of advocates was instrumental in the rise of standardized testing and curriculum reforms, as well as federal involvement in classrooms, especially during the Cold War. By positioning mathematics as central to national strength and security, these reformers established math education as a key area of federal focus.

The "mafia" at the center of Hamilton's story includes mathematicians, educators, and researchers from universities, as well as members of government-funded organizations such as the National Science Foundation and various educational psychology circles. Prominent figures such as Edward Begle, who led the School Mathematics Study Group during the "new math" movement, played key roles. Other influential participants include federal education officials, advocates from professional organizations such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, and cognitive scientists, who contributed both research and theoretical frameworks that informed curriculum design and assessment methods.

The Math Mafia offers historians, educators, policymakers, and other interested readers a compelling perspective on the legacy of the math education reforms on federal education policy in the United States and is a welcome contribution to ongoing discourse around "teaching toward the test," educational equity, school performance, and other hot-button issues in US education today.

A bioarchaeological study of chosen women's labor, identity, and health in the Inka ceremonial center of Saqsaywaman

Chosen Women and Inka Statecraft illuminates the intersections between foodways, diet, gender, and power in the expansive Inka ceremonial complex of Saqsaywaman, Peru. Bioarchaeologist Bethany L. Turner weaves together geochemical and osteological research techniques to create osteobiographies for people who were likely special servants to the Inka royalty in the heart of the vast empire. These skeletal individuals, interred in a special cemetery atop Saqsaywaman, date to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and were previously excavated by Peruvian archaeologists.

By weaving her own data together with existing archaeological, osteological, and ethnohistoric studies of Saqsaywaman, Turner opens a rare window into everyday life among the aqllakuna, "chosen women" who grew, prepared, and served food and drink to the Inka elite. She argues that the embodied experiences of these individuals underscore the ways in which they were "made performative artifacts of Inka statecraft." This statecraft was based on reciprocity, "to feed and be fed," and the lived experiences of the people who lived under it left telltale signs in their bones and teeth. An important finding is that the aqllakuna, who prepared lavish feasts and heroic quantities of the finest maize beer, chicha, were likely not consuming it. However, they showed poor dental health as a result of chewing the maize to process it during brewing. This significant oral decay likely made them susceptible to chronic diseases and may have shortened their lives. Turner also asserts that the aqllakuna at Saqsaywaman included individuals whose skeletons were estimated to have been male but who likely performed feminine roles, reflecting the fluidity of gendered duality in indigenous Andean cosmology. In Chosen Women and Inka Statecraft, archaeologists, anthropologists, Andeanists, and food scholars will find new ways to consider life in the Inka past.

Examines how centuries-old stagecraft shaped modern racial politics—and why the performance of whiteness still commands the spotlight.

From Shakespearean blackface to the alt-right's khaki-clad protests, Clothed Villainy: Acting White in in Early Modern Drama by Jamie Paris confronts the uncomfortable truths of racial performance across centuries. Paris argues that whiteness is not a fixed identity but a precarious and performative construct—shaped and sustained through actions, appearances, and cultural scripts.

Drawing on critical race theory, performance studies, and Indigenous scholarship, Clothed Villainy traces how racial scripts—whether "playing Black," "playing Indian," or especially "playing white"—have been used to uphold white supremacy and erase marginalized identities. By examining the costuming and characterization of white actors portraying Black villains on the early modern stage, Paris reveals how these theatrical traditions continue to echo in contemporary racial politics.

Written with bold clarity and personal insight, this book opens space for reimagining race, history, and identity through a more critical and inclusive lens. Clothed Villainy is essential reading for scholars, students, and anyone seeking to understand the deep-rooted performance of race in society and how we might reimagine it for a more equitable future.

A revelatory study of the overlooked ways that Franz Rosenzweig's closest relationships with women shaped his philosophical legacy and reframed Jewish thought

Three Stars of Redemption: The Influential Women in the Life of Franz Rosenzweig by Amy Hill Shevitz offers a groundbreaking reexamination of Franz Rosenzweig, one of the most influential Jewish philosophers of the twentieth century, through the lens of three pivotal women in his life. The book is a compelling study of the ways that Rosenzweig's intellectual and emotional world were shaped by his mother, Adele Alsberg Rosenzweig, his wife, Edith Hahn Rosenzweig, and his lover Margrit Rosenstock-Huessy, charting the influence those women had, by extension, on modern Jewish thought.

Rosenzweig is best known for his work of essential religious philosophy The Star of Redemption and his role in the Weimar Jewish Renaissance. Yet Shevitz reveals how the maternal, romantic, and marital relationships he maintained were not peripheral but central to his philosophical development and lived Judaism. Drawing on archival research and close readings of correspondence and historical context, Shevitz restores agency to these women, whose lives have been marginalized or misrepresented in scholarship. Adele's bourgeois upbringing and intimate intellectual bond with her son, Edith's independent journey into Judaism, and Margrit's complex role as both muse and thinker are explored with nuance and depth. Shevitz challenges reductive portrayals and brings their full humanity to light.

This richly contextualized study expands the understanding of Jewish cultural history, gender, and the personal dimensions of philosophical inquiry. Three Stars of Redemption is a vital contribution to Jewish studies, women's history, and the legacy of Rosenzweig's thought.

Incorporates experimental archaeology to understand the food-caching strategies led by Indigenous women in Late Woodland Michigan.

This experimental archaeology book centers on the decision of Indigenous women in Michigan's Late Woodland to store food in cache pits for later use, to ensure a stable food supply. These food storage techniques were efforts to increase communal chances of survival in direct responses to sociopolitical changes. Kathryn M. Frederick highlights the importance of food storage in these communities and the decision-making and behaviors behind it.

To discover why food storage became a popular practice at that period, Frederick considered the efficacy of subterranean food storage and constructed experiments to understand the timing and use of cache pits and to test their reliability and efficiency. She also compiled ethnographic data on location, environmental conditions, movement strategies, and types of foodstuffs stored for dozens of hunter-gatherer groups. Two distinct patterns of food storage emerged: "reliant" and "redundant." Frederick argues that the Indigenous women utilized a system of reliant storage during times of abundance but could switch to a redundant system as the socioeconomic climate shifted. This book will interest a wide swath of archaeologists and others interested in Indigenous foodways and women's key roles.

Addresses structural violence through history and archaeology of immigrant workers

Dangerous Occupations: Archaeologies of Structural Violence, Immigrants, and Resilience in Early California is an impactful work of historical archaeology combined with social history that addresses structural violence in key California industries from the Gold Rush in 1849 until 1920. Monopolistic industries, such as railroading, mining, timbering, explosive manufacturing, lime production, meatpacking, textile milling, and fishing/whaling, relied on immigrant laborers who were recruited and perceived as expendable. Restrictive laws and lack of employment opportunities based on bigotry often forced immigrants into the most dangerous occupations. In the days before workmen's compensation insurance and strict labor safety laws, laborers often risked their health and even their lives for employment.

Marco G. Meniketti's analysis comes from examining excavation of labor camps and housing, landscape studies, bioarchaeological data, architectural footprints, and archival sources. Each chapter offers a case study of industries to exemplify structural violence and its broader consequences among various immigrant labor groups, such as Chinese, Scandinavian, Irish, Italian, Chilean, Cornish, and Portuguese. The narrative includes a historical overview of the industries, identifies who the immigrant laborers were and how they came to be there, examines the dangers and health risks of their jobs, and details their living conditions and daily life, including foodways, leisure, and efforts to treat their job-inflicted maladies. Dangerous Occupations introduces a new generation of readers to how immigrants built the West Coast and at what great cost.

A vivid exploration of how early modern literature transformed the law of the sea into a rich imaginative realm of maritime space and poetic possibility

Poetics of the Legal Sea in English Renaissance Literature is a richly layered study that traces how early modern writers imagined the sea as both a legal landscape and a site of narrative possibility. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the book illuminates the ways literary forms conceptualized the maritime laws that governed the early modern world. Its narrative moves fluidly between legal frameworks and poetic language, revealing a dynamic exchange between artistic expression and the systems that regulated life at sea.

Hayley Cotter's analysis charts a metaphorical voyage, guiding readers from the calm departure of genre and jurisdiction through turbulent encounters with piracy, shipwreck, and salvage. Plays and poems become vessels that carry ideas about authority, justice, and sovereignty, while rhetorical devices such as metaphor, synecdoche, and metonymy deepen the imaginative pull of maritime experience. This journey foregrounds the cognitive effects of literary language, showing how early modern authors engaged with legal culture in ways that often moved beneath the surface of conscious thought.

As the chapters progress, literary texts become active participants in shaping understandings of law and maritime space. Shakespearean drama, Elizabethan pirate tales, sonneteering traditions, and anonymous sea poems all contribute to a vibrant conversation about how societies negotiated law and commerce on the open water. Bringing together readers interested in early modern literature, maritime history, and interdisciplinary inquiry, Poetics of the Legal Sea in English Renaissance Literature offers a compelling exploration of how the ocean's vast, shifting expanse inspired new ways of thinking about power and the stories that give shape to legal life.

More Real Courage: Transforming Honor at the Early Naval Academy reveals how the concept of honor developed within the US Navy officer corps, examining the experiences of midshipmen at the Naval Academy across three pivotal decades in American history.

In this powerful anniversary edition of China Marine, Eugene B. Sledge—acclaimed author of the classic WWII memoir With the Old Breed—offers an unforgettable portrait of a young Marine navigating the uneasy peace that followed history's most brutal war. Already celebrated for his visceral honesty and humanity, Sledge deepened his legacy with this rare account of the U.S. occupation of North China, a period as volatile as it was transformative.

Sledge's memoirs remain enduringly popular because they never flinch from the truth. His reflections resonate across generations, offering readers not only a veteran's hard-won wisdom but a moving story of survival, friendship, trauma, and the long journey back to ordinary life. His life and words have become part of American cultural memory, featured prominently in both Ken Burns's PBS series The War and the HBO production The Pacific.

This special anniversary edition honors that legacy with two new forewords: one by his son, bestselling author John Sledge, and another by eminent military historian John McManus, who together illuminate Sledge's continued relevance in understanding war and its aftermath.

How a nation took shape through two classrooms, educating European immigrants in one while assimilating Indigenous peoples in the other, hardwiring race, class, and identity into modern Chile

The German Turn is the history of Chile's settler ideological project of the 1880s exemplified in education. Romina A. Green Rioja's big-picture interdisciplinary analysis boasts four historiographies in conversation within the Chilean context. She examines the histories of education, settler colonialism and immigration, Native mission schools, and Mapuche studies at the state and local levels. Chile's state-building goal was to position the country in the global capitalist economy. Education was seen as a civilizing force for the Mapuche, and the overall goals were to unite the country; teach Chilean students to adhere to class, race, and gender structures; and prepare them for occupations according to these configurations.

Green Rioja finds that Chilean society and state policies demarcated the lines of ethnic, national, and racial preference and exclusion, offering inclusion for those of European ancestry and distance for those of Indigenous descent. Education's dual role as a tool for inclusion and exclusion ultimately shaped former pupils' class trajectories and racial belonging. The degrees of belonging depended on community connections, family wealth, and government scholarships that facilitated integration, assimilation, separatism, or the compartmentalization of group identity with the Chilean national identity. The book further considers global-transnational studies on immigration, settler colonialism, and education, showing Chilean policies that appear insular actually align with global patterns and shared policies by other forming nations. This work is a must-read for historians and Latin Americanists to understand Chile's modernization and its impacts on social structures.

Explores how a US-led natural history survey of Puerto Rico served American Empire while yet catalyzing Boricua cultural nationalism

In Botanical Monroe Doctrine and American Empire, Darryl E. Brock interrogates the history, trajectory, and influence of an ambitious initiative to conduct a "physical and natural history survey of Porto [Puerto] Rico." As founder of The New York Botanical Garden, Nathaniel Lord Britton's formulation of a botanical Monroe Doctrine, reinforced by the 1912 survey proposal, served to check British and European botanical interests in the Americas. That is, American scientists would name American species according to American codes. Evolutionary theory would inform these taxonomic imperatives. Yet, while initially aligned with the "civilizing" mission, Britton's Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico would ultimately contribute to insular modernization as well as technocratic professionalization. The survey's foundational Taíno archaeological and jíbaro folkloric contributions would make possible today's Caguana Indigenous Ceremonial Park and indirectly advance Boricua cultural nationalism. Moreover, the overlap of scientific production with political economy affected outcomes as diverse as bilingual education in Puerto Rico and management of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program on the island.

The New York Academy of Sciences sponsored the Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico with the final report issued in 1970. The New York Botanical Garden conducted the research in concert with the American Museum of Natural History and the Yale Peabody Museum. Over the course of the project, Puerto Rican intellectuals and scientists endorsed and even contributed to the survey. These included Cornell-trained mycologist Carlos Chardón who later served as the University of Puerto Rico's chancellor. Beyond natural history, the survey's geological commitment led to its leadership advancing insular economic development via the governor's Committee on Mineral Resources. Operations soon expanded to include the Virgin Islands and comprised nearly two dozen field expeditions. Botany alone achieved collection of ten thousand plant specimens with thirty-eight new species discovered. The nineteen published survey volumes boast some of the most complete multidisciplinary scientific descriptions of any tropical area. Brock's groundbreaking contribution is a must-read for those interested in the history of science (including forestry and geology), Puerto Rico, and US imperialism.