About our authors John W. Creswell, PhD is a Professor of Family Medicine and Co-Director, Michigan Mixed Methods Research and Scholarship Program at the University of Michigan. He has authored numerous articles and 27 books on mixed methods research, qualitative research and research design. While at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, he held the Clifton Endowed Professor Chair, served as director of a mixed methods research office, founded the SAGE journal, the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, and was an Adjunct Professor of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan and a consultant to the Veterans Administration health services research center. He was a Senior Fulbright Scholar to South Africa in 2008 and to Thailand in 2012. In 2011 he co-led a national working group on mixed methods practices at the National Institute of Health, served as a Visiting Professor at Harvard’s School of Public Health, and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. In 2014 he was the President of the Mixed Methods International Research Association. In 2015 he joined the staff of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan.Timothy C. Guetterman, PhD is an applied research methodologist and Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan. His research interests, scholarship and teaching are in research methodology, namely mixed methods research. He has authored numerous articles and chapters, including empirical studies and methodological articles to advance rigorous methods of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research. In addition, he is an investigator on 3 U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded research studies. Tim’s empirical work uses mixed methods research to investigate the use of technology in health professions education and in educational assessment. He also conducts research on teaching, learning and developing research methods capacity in his role as evaluator and faculty for the NIH-funded Mixed Methods Research Training Program for the Health Sciences. He has extensive professional experience conducting program evaluation with a focus on educational and healthcare programs.

• Brief Contents PART 1: An Introduction to Educational Research The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative ApproachesPART 2: The Steps in the Process of Research Identifying a Research ProblemReviewing the LiteratureSpecifying a Purpose and Research Questions or HypothesesCollecting Quantitative DataAnalyzing and Interpreting Quantitative DataCollecting Qualitative DataAnalyzing and Interpreting Qualitative DataReporting and Evaluating ResearchPART 3: Research Designs Experimental DesignsCorrelational DesignsSurvey DesignsGrounded Theory DesignsEthnographic DesignsNarrative Research DesignsMixed Methods DesignsAction Research DesignsAPPENDIX A: Determine Size Using Sample Size Tables APPENDIX B: Commonly Used Statistics in Educational Research APPENDIX C: Nonnormal Distribution APPENDIX D: Strategies for Defending a Research Proposal Glossary References Author Index Subject Index

About our authors John W. Creswell, PhD is a Professor of Family Medicine and Co-Director, Michigan Mixed Methods Research and Scholarship Program at the University of Michigan. He has authored numerous articles and 27 books on mixed methods research, qualitative research and research design. While at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, he held the Clifton Endowed Professor Chair, served as director of a mixed methods research office, founded the SAGE journal, the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, and was an Adjunct Professor of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan and a consultant to the Veterans Administration health services research center. He was a Senior Fulbright Scholar to South Africa in 2008 and to Thailand in 2012. In 2011 he co-led a national working group on mixed methods practices at the National Institute of Health, served as a Visiting Professor at Harvard’s School of Public Health, and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. In 2014 he was the President of the Mixed Methods International Research Association. In 2015 he joined the staff of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan.Timothy C. Guetterman, PhD is an applied research methodologist and Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan. His research interests, scholarship and teaching are in research methodology, namely mixed methods research. He has authored numerous articles and chapters, including empirical studies and methodological articles to advance rigorous methods of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research. In addition, he is an investigator on 3 U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded research studies. Tim’s empirical work uses mixed methods research to investigate the use of technology in health professions education and in educational assessment. He also conducts research on teaching, learning and developing research methods capacity in his role as evaluator and faculty for the NIH-funded Mixed Methods Research Training Program for the Health Sciences. He has extensive professional experience conducting program evaluation with a focus on educational and healthcare programs.

• Brief Contents PART 1: An Introduction to Educational Research The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative ApproachesPART 2: The Steps in the Process of Research Identifying a Research ProblemReviewing the LiteratureSpecifying a Purpose and Research Questions or HypothesesCollecting Quantitative DataAnalyzing and Interpreting Quantitative DataCollecting Qualitative DataAnalyzing and Interpreting Qualitative DataReporting and Evaluating ResearchPART 3: Research Designs Experimental DesignsCorrelational DesignsSurvey DesignsGrounded Theory DesignsEthnographic DesignsNarrative Research DesignsMixed Methods DesignsAction Research DesignsAPPENDIX A: Determine Size Using Sample Size Tables APPENDIX B: Commonly Used Statistics in Educational Research APPENDIX C: Nonnormal Distribution APPENDIX D: Strategies for Defending a Research Proposal Glossary References Author Index Subject Index