Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His research on biomineralization in mollusks started at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada and continued at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, in the laboratory of Karl Wilbur. Though offered a teaching position at Duke University, he accepted a faculty position at York University, where he taught for nearly forty years. His outstanding contributions in teaching, research, and administration were recognized by York University in awarding him a university professorship. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology, including several published by Apple Academic Press. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. He was chair of the Department of Biology, acting Dean of Research, and Chair of the Senate of York University. He received his early education in Bangladesh and his doctorate from the University of Reading in the UK. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She held a Commander C. Bellairs Postdoctoral Fellowship from McGill University, Canada, for postdoctoral research in Barbados (1997) and an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship from 1998–2000 with which she worked both at the University Aix Marseille, France, and the University of Queensland, Australia. She won an NSERC Women’s University Research Award in 2000 and was Assistant Professor at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. In 2002 Dr. Leys became a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Professor Leys’ research interests broadly concern understanding the origin of multicellularity in metazoans, and more specifically the cellular and molecular characteristics of representative groups of non-bilaterian animals (sponges, ctenophores, placozoans, and cnidarians). Most of her work centers on studies on sponges, and she is a world expert on many aspects of sponge biology, but in particular on the physiology, ecology and cell biology of glass sponges. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has supervised many graduate students. She is presently a member of the Council of Ocean Networks Canada and was the President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists from 2020-2021. She obtained her BSc from the University of British Columbia (1990) and PhD from the University of Victoria under George Mackie in 1996, for which she received the Canadian Society of Zoologists Cameron Award in 1997.Robert Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. He joined the faculty at UNCW in 1979 and was promoted to the rank of professor in 1990. Dr. Roer served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer at UNCW from 2002 to 2012. He was the recipient of UNCW’s first Graduate Mentor Award and of the Chancellor’s Teaching Excellence Award. He retired from the faculty in 2016. Dr. Roer is a member of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), the Society of Sigma Xi, The Crustacean Society, and Phi Kappa Phi. He served as Treasurer of SICB and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He was on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research principally in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of numerous journal articles and book chapters. His research was funded by grants from NSF, NOAA, NASA, NC Sea Grant, and other state and national agencies. He received his ScB in Aquatic Biology from Brown University in 1974 and his PhD in Zoology from Duke University in 1979. Iain Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He retired from there as Head of Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences in 2008 in order to pursue his research interests, which are echinoderm physiology and functional morphology, invertebrate matrix biology, and the physiology and mechanics of animal detachment mechanisms. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy. He was recently in receipt of a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship. Dr. Wilkie earned a BSc and PhD in Zoology from the University of Glasgow, Scotland.

• VOLUME 1: NONBILATERIAN PHYLA 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior VOLUME 2: CRUSTACEA Introduction 1. Respiration 2. The Influence of Growth and Body Size on Crustacean Muscle Structure, Metabolism, and Response to the Environment 3. Chemoreception and Mechanoreception 4. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation 5. Temperature Thresholds of Crustaceans in the Age of Climate Change 6. Molting Physiology 7. Biomineralization: Ion Transport and Control Processes 8. Terrestrial Adaptations of Crustaceans: The Challenges of Land Adaptations and their Solutions in Terrestrial Isopods VOLUME 3: ANNELIDA AND ECHINODERMATA 1. Physiological Topics in Annelid Regeneration and Related Processes 2. Reproduction in Nereidid Polychaetes: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects 3. Neurobiology of Locomotion and Behavior in Leeches 4. Annelids Neuro-Endrocrino-Immune Response 5. Regeneration Potential in Echinoderms: Revisiting the Regeneration Concept 6. The Temporary Adhesion of Echinoderm Tube Feet 7. The Juxtaligamental Cells of Echinoderms and Their Role in the Mechano-Effector Function of Connective Tissue 8. Neuropeptide Signaling in Echinoderms: From "Physiologic Activity of Nerve Extracts" to Neuropeptidomics and Beyond

Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His research on biomineralization in mollusks started at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada and continued at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, in the laboratory of Karl Wilbur. Though offered a teaching position at Duke University, he accepted a faculty position at York University, where he taught for nearly forty years. His outstanding contributions in teaching, research, and administration were recognized by York University in awarding him a university professorship. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology, including several published by Apple Academic Press. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. He was chair of the Department of Biology, acting Dean of Research, and Chair of the Senate of York University. He received his early education in Bangladesh and his doctorate from the University of Reading in the UK. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She held a Commander C. Bellairs Postdoctoral Fellowship from McGill University, Canada, for postdoctoral research in Barbados (1997) and an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship from 1998–2000 with which she worked both at the University Aix Marseille, France, and the University of Queensland, Australia. She won an NSERC Women’s University Research Award in 2000 and was Assistant Professor at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. In 2002 Dr. Leys became a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Professor Leys’ research interests broadly concern understanding the origin of multicellularity in metazoans, and more specifically the cellular and molecular characteristics of representative groups of non-bilaterian animals (sponges, ctenophores, placozoans, and cnidarians). Most of her work centers on studies on sponges, and she is a world expert on many aspects of sponge biology, but in particular on the physiology, ecology and cell biology of glass sponges. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has supervised many graduate students. She is presently a member of the Council of Ocean Networks Canada and was the President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists from 2020-2021. She obtained her BSc from the University of British Columbia (1990) and PhD from the University of Victoria under George Mackie in 1996, for which she received the Canadian Society of Zoologists Cameron Award in 1997.Robert Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. He joined the faculty at UNCW in 1979 and was promoted to the rank of professor in 1990. Dr. Roer served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer at UNCW from 2002 to 2012. He was the recipient of UNCW’s first Graduate Mentor Award and of the Chancellor’s Teaching Excellence Award. He retired from the faculty in 2016. Dr. Roer is a member of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), the Society of Sigma Xi, The Crustacean Society, and Phi Kappa Phi. He served as Treasurer of SICB and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He was on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research principally in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of numerous journal articles and book chapters. His research was funded by grants from NSF, NOAA, NASA, NC Sea Grant, and other state and national agencies. He received his ScB in Aquatic Biology from Brown University in 1974 and his PhD in Zoology from Duke University in 1979. Iain Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He retired from there as Head of Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences in 2008 in order to pursue his research interests, which are echinoderm physiology and functional morphology, invertebrate matrix biology, and the physiology and mechanics of animal detachment mechanisms. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy. He was recently in receipt of a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship. Dr. Wilkie earned a BSc and PhD in Zoology from the University of Glasgow, Scotland.

• VOLUME 1: NONBILATERIAN PHYLA 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior VOLUME 2: CRUSTACEA Introduction 1. Respiration 2. The Influence of Growth and Body Size on Crustacean Muscle Structure, Metabolism, and Response to the Environment 3. Chemoreception and Mechanoreception 4. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation 5. Temperature Thresholds of Crustaceans in the Age of Climate Change 6. Molting Physiology 7. Biomineralization: Ion Transport and Control Processes 8. Terrestrial Adaptations of Crustaceans: The Challenges of Land Adaptations and their Solutions in Terrestrial Isopods VOLUME 3: ANNELIDA AND ECHINODERMATA 1. Physiological Topics in Annelid Regeneration and Related Processes 2. Reproduction in Nereidid Polychaetes: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects 3. Neurobiology of Locomotion and Behavior in Leeches 4. Annelids Neuro-Endrocrino-Immune Response 5. Regeneration Potential in Echinoderms: Revisiting the Regeneration Concept 6. The Temporary Adhesion of Echinoderm Tube Feet 7. The Juxtaligamental Cells of Echinoderms and Their Role in the Mechano-Effector Function of Connective Tissue 8. Neuropeptide Signaling in Echinoderms: From "Physiologic Activity of Nerve Extracts" to Neuropeptidomics and Beyond

Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His research on biomineralization in mollusks started at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada and continued at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, in the laboratory of Karl Wilbur. Though offered a teaching position at Duke University, he accepted a faculty position at York University, where he taught for nearly forty years. His outstanding contributions in teaching, research, and administration were recognized by York University in awarding him a university professorship. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology, including several published by Apple Academic Press. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. He was chair of the Department of Biology, acting Dean of Research, and Chair of the Senate of York University. He received his early education in Bangladesh and his doctorate from the University of Reading in the UK. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She held a Commander C. Bellairs Postdoctoral Fellowship from McGill University, Canada, for postdoctoral research in Barbados (1997) and an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship from 1998–2000 with which she worked both at the University Aix Marseille, France, and the University of Queensland, Australia. She won an NSERC Women’s University Research Award in 2000 and was Assistant Professor at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. In 2002 Dr. Leys became a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Professor Leys’ research interests broadly concern understanding the origin of multicellularity in metazoans, and more specifically the cellular and molecular characteristics of representative groups of non-bilaterian animals (sponges, ctenophores, placozoans, and cnidarians). Most of her work centers on studies on sponges, and she is a world expert on many aspects of sponge biology, but in particular on the physiology, ecology and cell biology of glass sponges. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has supervised many graduate students. She is presently a member of the Council of Ocean Networks Canada and was the President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists from 2020-2021. She obtained her BSc from the University of British Columbia (1990) and PhD from the University of Victoria under George Mackie in 1996, for which she received the Canadian Society of Zoologists Cameron Award in 1997.Robert Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. He joined the faculty at UNCW in 1979 and was promoted to the rank of professor in 1990. Dr. Roer served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer at UNCW from 2002 to 2012. He was the recipient of UNCW’s first Graduate Mentor Award and of the Chancellor’s Teaching Excellence Award. He retired from the faculty in 2016. Dr. Roer is a member of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), the Society of Sigma Xi, The Crustacean Society, and Phi Kappa Phi. He served as Treasurer of SICB and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He was on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research principally in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of numerous journal articles and book chapters. His research was funded by grants from NSF, NOAA, NASA, NC Sea Grant, and other state and national agencies. He received his ScB in Aquatic Biology from Brown University in 1974 and his PhD in Zoology from Duke University in 1979. Iain Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He retired from there as Head of Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences in 2008 in order to pursue his research interests, which are echinoderm physiology and functional morphology, invertebrate matrix biology, and the physiology and mechanics of animal detachment mechanisms. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy. He was recently in receipt of a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship. Dr. Wilkie earned a BSc and PhD in Zoology from the University of Glasgow, Scotland.

• VOLUME 1: NONBILATERIAN PHYLA 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior VOLUME 2: CRUSTACEA Introduction 1. Respiration 2. The Influence of Growth and Body Size on Crustacean Muscle Structure, Metabolism, and Response to the Environment 3. Chemoreception and Mechanoreception 4. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation 5. Temperature Thresholds of Crustaceans in the Age of Climate Change 6. Molting Physiology 7. Biomineralization: Ion Transport and Control Processes 8. Terrestrial Adaptations of Crustaceans: The Challenges of Land Adaptations and their Solutions in Terrestrial Isopods VOLUME 3: ANNELIDA AND ECHINODERMATA 1. Physiological Topics in Annelid Regeneration and Related Processes 2. Reproduction in Nereidid Polychaetes: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects 3. Neurobiology of Locomotion and Behavior in Leeches 4. Annelids Neuro-Endrocrino-Immune Response 5. Regeneration Potential in Echinoderms: Revisiting the Regeneration Concept 6. The Temporary Adhesion of Echinoderm Tube Feet 7. The Juxtaligamental Cells of Echinoderms and Their Role in the Mechano-Effector Function of Connective Tissue 8. Neuropeptide Signaling in Echinoderms: From "Physiologic Activity of Nerve Extracts" to Neuropeptidomics and Beyond