Environment & Policy – serie
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126 produkter
126 produkter
553 kr
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A sustainable future: a world in which sustainable development is possible and guaranteed? In this book, the Dutch Committee for Long-Term Environmental Policy, an expert advisory board to the Dutch Minister of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, shows possible ways in which society can move towards a sustainable future.The book goes in search of a new social order, an order in which sustainability is guaranteed. This search holds four main elements:signs of hope: which positive initiatives and developments exist which will lead to a sustainable future? transformations: which transformations are needed to reach a sustainable future? philosophical and methodological reflections: can one predict the future? institutions: what are the necessary changes in the basic institutions of society to reach a sustainable future? The committee has invited well-known experts from different disciplinary backgrounds to check the existing social order from a point of sustainability and to give recommendations for a sustainable future. The central conclusion is that we are in need of an evolving green strategy aimed at sustainability. The contours of this strategy are described and a large set of recommendations to reach a sustainable future are given. As the committee states: `There is no certainty and no statistical probability for a sustainable future, but there is at least a chance.'
982 kr
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This work, commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment, analyzes, in the light of the history of the 1992 Climate Change Convention and of precedents, the aims of the joint implementation provisions of the Convention and the controversies that have arisen about them. It combines a comprehensive study of legal aspects with an economic analysis and a report on possibilities of joint implementation between the Netherlands and Poland. The book was published at a time when the Convention was entering into force (March 1994). It should be of interest not only to academic lawyers and economists with an interest in international environmental developments, but to environmentalists generally and to all those in industry and in public service, nationally and internationally, who are likely to get involved in the practice of joint implementation under this Convention.
1 598 kr
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The Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, together with the Ministry of Development Co-operation and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, called an International Conference on Joint Implementation in order to further international discussion on the subject. The outcome of the conference is summarized in this text. The book highlights such aspects of joint implementation as: its conceptual base; the various pros and cons as perceived from Western, Southern and Eastern vantage points; the international policy debate; and the illustrative experience gained to date. The book's examples show how the JI concept functions in practice and it concludes with an examination of how these experiences should enrich the international discussions on the topic.
1 646 kr
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Although economists have long advocated the use of economic instruments in the implementation of environmental policy, they have only recently gained acceptance. There is a growing consensus within the European Union that both Member States and the environment would benefit from the use of such incentive-based economic instruments. This work has been written by members of the Study Group on the Environment and Economics of the National Environmental Forum, which includes economists and social scientists from all the major Dutch universities and research institutes. It covers a wide range of topics on the use of taxation and tradeable permits in a variety of abatement policies, and concludes with comments on political feasibility.
Scenario Studies for the Rural Environment
Selected and edited Proceedings of the Symposium Scenario Studies for the Rural Environment, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 12–15 September 1994
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
3 189 kr
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The contributors to this volume suggest that rural areas need to fulfil a large variety of functions and to accommodate many activities. The complexity of the problems, limited funds and the almost irreversible character of some interventions result in a compelling need to evaluate "ex ante" the effects of alternative solutions for designation of land, for measures to develop infrastructure, and for soil and water management. Scenario studies are undertaken to help manage the complexity, to place bounds on uncertainties, and to create new visions. After an overview of the nature, variety and scope of scenario studies, this book illuminates various European examples and reviews, under the following headings: regional soil and water management; nature development and landscape quality; and rural planning and the future of regions.
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This text gives an overview of ongoing relevant research in global environmental policy-making, focusing on the two major international programmes - the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the World Climate Research Programme. The se are described in terms understandable to the interested lay reader. The results of the latest review of the Intrgovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are included. This is followed by an analysis of the response process that is in progress with respect to governments - singly and multilaterally - by business and industry and by public interest groups. This process is leading to interactive structures, assessment procedures and legislation, nationally and internationally. Business and industry are changing from mere watchfulness to recognition of new opportunities for products and processes. Six interviews with prominent figures from business and government circles in the Netherlands provide a vivid illustration of the questions at issue.
Climate Change Convention and Developing Countries
From Conflict to Consensus?
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 068 kr
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The climate change problem can only be effectively dealt with if global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be reduced substantially. Since the emission of such gases is closely related to the economic growth of countries, a critical problem to be addressed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) is: how will the permissible emission levels be shared between industrialised (ICs) and developing countries (DCs)? The thesis of this text is that the long-term effectiveness of the FCCC runs the risk of a horizontal negotiation deadlock between countries and the risk of vertical standstill within countries if there is little domestic support for the implementation of measures being announced in international negotiations. This book explores the nature of the domestic consensus in specific developing countries and the common, converging, diverging and conflicting interests underlying the international consensus. It presents an account of the major North-South conflicts on this issue and explains these conflicts.
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The internationalization of the world has put issues of governance to the fore. During the 1990's, international cooperation on environmental issues has increased, especially after UNCED in Rio de Janeiro 1992. In this book, a number of people with experience of environmental affairs contribute their views on the lessons learned from environmental governance so far, the current situation, and the prospects for the future of this mode of solving common international issues. Their professional backgrounds range from academia and diplomacy to activism. Among the contributors to the book, experts on governance, international negotiations and local experiences can be found; this collected volume therefore offers perspectives from science, business, and non-governmental organizations.
Lowering the Cost of Emission Reduction: Joint Implementation in the Framework Convention on Climate Change
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
1 068 kr
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This text investigates a way to reduce the cost of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission reduction. It asks whether allowing countries to substitute emission reduction undertaken abroad in lieu of emission reduction at home will reduce the cost of emission reduction and allow more rapid and acute falls in pollution. Analyzing USA Department of Energy data on US emission reduction projects undertaken in Eastern Europe and Central America, the book explains differences in the cost of emission reduction by method and by country. It sets out the conditions that would allow a joint implementation system to evolve into a full-blown tradable permits system. Political and practical objections to joint implementation are aired and addressed. The work is targeted at the environmental policy community, government officials, academics, the NGO community, economists and financiers, members of large corporations and museum educators everywhere.
Drinking Water Supply and Agricultural Pollution
Preventive Action by the Water Supply Sector in the European Union and the United States
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
1 598 kr
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Agricultural pollution (with nitrates and pesticides) is one of the biggest threats to drinking water resources. At many places regional and local water authorities, together with the water supply industry, are involved in preventive action aimed at farming practices. Three national case studies (Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) analyze these efforts within the context of problematical national agricultural policy and the need to implement EU directives on water quality. Additional case studies cover the role of the European Union, while the same problem in a different setting is analyzed for the United States. The central question of how national and European governments can reinforce the control capacity of the actors at the regional and local level, is treated from the theoretical perspective of the policy network approach.
Del 12 - Environment & Policy
Co-operative Environmental Governance
Public-Private Agreements as a Policy Strategy
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
1 598 kr
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The common denominator of modern environmental governance is co-operation between public and private parties. Of course, co-operation is nothing new in itself. The novelty lies in its planned form. In co-operative environmental governance the parties commit themselves, through a more or less binding agreement, to resolve specific environmental difficulties. When co-operation is embedded in environmental policy, it becomes a means to achieve the environmental objectives of the state. The essays which make up this volume explore this option in environmental governance: the nature of the approach, the preconditions, and its chances of success. They take an interdisciplinary approach to the task, analyzing theoretical issues and practical experiences in a number of countries.
Co-operative Environmental Governance
Public-Private Agreements as a Policy Strategy
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
1 470 kr
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The common denominator of modern environmental governance is co-operation between public and private parties. Of course, co-operation is nothing new in itself. The novelty lies in its planned form. In co-operative environmental governance the parties commit themselves, through a more or less binding agreement, to resolve specific environmental difficulties. When co-operation is embedded in environmental policy, it becomes a means to achieve the environmental objectives of the state. The essays which make up this volume explore this option in environmental governance: the nature of the approach, the preconditions, and its chances of success. They take an interdisciplinary approach to the task, analyzing theoretical issues and practical experiences in a number of countries.
1 068 kr
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As we reach the end of the 20th century, the question of how to meet human needs and preferences while safeguarding the global environment is a major concern facing humanity. This text reflects the thinking on the necessary concepts, tools and instruments that are likely to help producers, consumers and governments to adjust their policies and practices. It covers theories and concepts, practical approaches and visions of industry and government. The book has been written by a team of authors that includes the most forward thinking researchers and managers on the issue. It is a handbook for all those involved in decisions about product design and eco-efficiency, about environment and resource use policies. Moreover it can serve as a handbook for all those who are studying with the aim to become involved in such issues.
1 068 kr
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As we reach the end of the 20th century, the question of how to meet human needs and preferences while safeguarding the global environment is a major concern facing humanity. This text reflects the thinking on the necessary concepts, tools and instruments that are likely to help producers, consumers and governments to adjust their policies and practices. It covers theories and concepts, practical approaches and visions of industry and government. The book has been written by a team of authors that includes the most forward thinking researchers and managers on the issue. It is a handbook for all those involved in decisions about product design and eco-efficiency, about environment and resource use policies. Moreover it can serve as a handbook for all those who are studying with the aim to become involved in such issues.
1 598 kr
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It is clear that our society must become a more sustainable one. To that end, we must change both our production and our consumption patters. Some argue that this implies the abolition of democratic processes, and thus of citizens` participation in environmental policy. Others argue the opposite: the only way to avoid impending environmental disaster is by engaging in common deliberation and contemplation. Is participation, then, a negative force or not? This volume is study of the relationship between democratic, participatory forms of decision making and the quality of environmental decisions. The central question is how can the normatively desirable practice of participatory decision making be combined with an effective approach to environmental issues? Guided by a theoretical introduction by the editors, the 15 chapters deal with topics ranging from the scale of environmental problems, local agenda 21, infrastructural decisions, strategic planning, to environmental policy in developing countries. Three chapters are devoted to each of these broad themes.
982 kr
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Many European Union Directives seek to minimize the potential for harm to humans and the environment arising from the use of chemicals. This text takes an interdisciplinary, selective look at the effector mechanisms employed in such directives. It covers the pre-marketing use of toxicology to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals, acknowledging its shortcomings, while contrasting the scientific method with the precautionary principle in developing risk-management practices. The book then goes on to describe the use of bio-indicators, chemical analyses and mathematical modelling for prediction, or to determine the adequacy of chemical safety legislation. The environmental risk assessment of priority chemicals is described and the impact of pesticides on sustainability in agriculture is discussed from the differing standpoints of agronomy and economics.
National Security and International Environmental Cooperation in the Arctic — the Case of the Northern Sea Route
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
2 128 kr
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The basic objective of this book is to place the Northern Sea Route, as the largest scale economic endeavour of the North, into the broader picture of contemporary Arctic politics. The book's overall focus is on the issue-specific needs, properties and interactional patterns that currently exist between the two driving forces underlying regional politics: the urge to achieve an adequate level of environmental protection in order to sustain an eco-system of unique fragility, and the need to utilise regional environmental features for the sake of preserving national security. The book is thus a study of national security and international environmental cooperation, both alone and in a variety of conceptual combinations, including environmental security, sustainable security, extended security and cooperative security.
Conflict and Cooperation on the Scheldt River Basin
A Case Study of Decision Making on International Scheldt Issues between 1967 and 1997
Inbunden, Engelska, 1999
2 128 kr
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More than 200 major river basins are shared by two or more countries and, together, these basins account for about 60% of the earth's land area, constituting a significant portion of the world's fresh water resources. They are thus both a significant asset to the nations sharing them, as well as a potential source of conflict. This book presents a generic framework for the analysis of decision making on international river issues. It emphasizes the strategic character of the interactions between the basin states and addresses learning and institutionalization processes, taking account of the influence of the context on the decision making process. The case of the river Scheldt covers negotiations on the Belgian-Dutch water conventions covering a number of international issues relating to the river basins of the Scheldt and the Meuse, such as construction projects aimed at improving the maritime access to the port of Antwerp, the maintenance of the navigation channel in the Western Scheldt, pollution of the waters in the two rivers, and the distribution of water from the Meuse.The final part of the book contains a typology of strategies for the solution of upstream-downstream problems in international river basins.
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This work explores the intricate relationship between liberation movements and environmental struggles in contemporary Africa. It is premised on the question why some movements are called environmental while others are "liberation." What socioeconomic and political circumstances lead to the making or dissipation of such distinctions? African liberation movements commonly offer alternatives in terms of political order and the means of earning a livelihood. The prominence of the environment (land, water, forests, oil, minerals, etc.) in the political objectives of most African liberation movements leads Salih to argue that in Africa, as well as in other developing countries, the distinction between environmental and liberation struggles is apparently superfluous. Liberation, in this broader perspective, therefore offers an emancipatory political potential that transcends the environment to include the laudable quest to transform the state and the authoritarian institutions of government that sustain it.
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This volume is on the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol and summarises the main fmdings of a two day workshop on 'Dealing with Carbon Credits after Kyoto', organised by ETC and the JIN foundation (both from the Netherlands) in Callantsoog, the Netherlands, on 28-29 May 1998. The workshop was one of the fIrst meetings held on the flexibility mechanisms after the Kyoto Protocol had been accepted at the Third Conference of the Parties (CoP3) in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. During the workshop it became clear that during the stage of translating the Protocol provisions on the flexibility mechanisms (notably Articles 6, 12 and 17) into concrete action, there are still many questions on how to interpret the scope and meaning of the Protocol text precisely. Indeed, various issues need to be elaborated on before a full assessment of the future practical work - the start of CDM and JI projects and possibly international emissions trading - can be made. Several issues were addressed at the workshop: e. g. how and via which procedures to determine the net abatement of particular CDMIJI projects; who is liable for non compliance in international emissions trading; is there a need for credit sharing formulae; can incentives be provided for early action, etc.
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The Kyoto Protocol is expected to give lead to the creation of an international market for greenhouse gas emission credits having an estimated volume of several tens of billions of dollars. The extent to which forestry projects will be accepted in this market is a matter of current discussion and controversy. In its evaluation of the contribution of forestry projects to climate change mitigation, this book draws together a number of relevant aspects, including the stability of international agreements, causes and consequences of deforestation, and the CO2 effect of forestry projects. This wide perspective gives an appreciation of often unappreciated problems and opportunities associated with forestry projects in the context of climate change. The book includes case studies of two forestry projects which provide an introduction to such concepts as baseline, additionality, and leakage - concepts that are commonly used to assess greenhouse gas mitigation projects.
Heavy Metals: A Problem Solved?
Methods and Models to Evaluate Policy Strategies for Heavy Metals
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
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Most publications on heavy metals and the environment have focused on environmental pathways and risks. This study establishes a link between the environmental risks of heavy metals and the societal causes of the risks. Economic models, substance flow models and environmental fate and risk assessment models have been integrated into a single analytical framework that has been used to trace and understand the routes by which four heavy metals enter the economy, through to their final destination in the environment. The long-term impacts of the current metals management regime in the Netherlands have been used as a case study by which to assess the effectiveness of certain policy measures. The book should be of use to environmental scientists and policy makers, especially those practising in the areas of ecological economics, industrial ecology, materials flow accounting and integrated environmental assessment.
Coercive and Discursive Compliance Mechanisms in the Management of Natural Resources
A Case Study from the Barents Sea Fisheries
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
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The debate in the social sciences on the management of common resources crosses interdisciplinary boundaries. Regulation brings little gain if the established rules are not complied with by the users of the resource. The book discusses how public authorities can influence the users' decision-making in this regard, using a variety of coercive and discursive measures. It thus addresses a topic that has suffered from neglect in both the theoretical and practical debate on natural resource management. The Barents Sea fisheries are used as a case study in the book. The Norwegian Coastguard have produced violation statistics and these are used to investigate the level of compliance in these fisheries. Furthermore, a group of Norwegian and Russian fishermen have been consulted, together with representatives of Norwegian fishermens' associations, by means of personal, in-depth interviews aimed at revealing their attitudes to the regulation, management and enforcement systems.
Political Modernisation and the Environment
The Renewal of Environmental Policy Arrangements
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
1 598 kr
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The last years of the 20th century witnessed a substantial change in both the organization and substance of environmental policy, both national and international. Western societies have seen a change in the relationships between the state, the market and civil society, leading to new conceptions of governance, a process here called political modernization, that gives rise to the institutionalization of new policy arrangements. An environmental policy arrangement refers to the organization and substance of a policy domain in terms of policy coalitions, policy discourses, rules of the game and resources. The book uses these theoretical notions to analyze changes in organization, substance and governance in several environmental policy domains, such as infrastructure policies, global policies on climate change and biodiversity, green planning, and agriculture policy. Changing relationships between the state, the market and civil society, caused by processes of globalization, privatization and individualization, have resulted in a plurality of policy arrangements in different domains.Despite the fact that environmental politics has been substantially renewed, there is a delicate balance between traditional and new policy arrangements. One of the main themes of the book is the explanation of this balance.
1 598 kr
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Focusing on the negotiation process leading up to the creation of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) and the domestic implementation of this international agreement, this political science study of the negotiation process applies several perspectives drawn from international relations theories, while also examining the implementation of international environmental agreements in a developing country. The links between factors at international and domestic levels are examined, with four proposed mechanisms through which an international institution may affect domestic policies. Evidence is found that the CBD has had a beneficial impact on national biodiversity policies in the country studied, but that necessary compatible legislation is absent in developed country parties.
1 598 kr
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Sustainable development has been the basic goal of the European Union since the Treaty of Amsterdam. After an in-depth analysis of the concept, this book goes on to translate the concept into practicable and tangible opportunities for urban and regional sustainable development. Extensive lists of criteria and indicators have been developed for additional explanation and support. An innovative system for sustainability planning is presented, based on the interdependence of the cities and their "hinterlands" and on the conviction that the development of one or more key sectors usually has a better potential for success than striving for overall sustainability planning right from the start. Although the approach itself is fundamental, it has been guided throughout by practical applicability and realism. It has been tested in case studies in a number of European regions, with agriculture and forestry, small and medium-sized industries, and tourism as key sectors. Detailed guidelines are given on how to apply the methodology in practice, how to embed existing practices within it, and how to manage the indispensable stakeholder participation.A chapter on European Union policies, activities and possible sources of funding completes the work.
Del 27 - Environment & Policy
Climate Change and European Leadership
A Sustainable Role for Europe?
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
1 598 kr
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Providing an analysis of European efforts to implement and secure global action on climate change, this text looks at how they relate to wider questions about the role of European and global sustainability. Written by an experienced, international and multidisciplinary team of authors, the book analyzes internal EU policies, negotiating positions and outcomes. It looks at the underlying theoretical disputes that led to a wide range of divergent standpoints within the EU, and presents an intellectual structure based on different modes of leadership. It examines challenges to implementation in terms of policy instruments and governance levels, and the EU's overall strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. The book argues that only Europe can lead the next phase of action, and could benefit by doing so - but warns that much needs to change if it is to do so effectively.
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When the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty entered into force on 14 January 1998, a new phase commenced for the Antarctic Treaty System. The parties to the Protocol are today confronting issues related to the implementation of a complex international environmental protection regime, both in international and domestic contexts. Various implementation questions need to be solved in order to enhance and make possible the implementation of the Protocol such as: what would be the consequences for the parties of a possible failure in resolving the pending implementation issues; on what premises can the solutions be based, and what, then, are the options available?The book provides a systematic overview of the implementation issue in sections on jurisdiction, control and enforcement in the Antarctic (Part I), institutional support to the implementation of the Protocol (Part II), normative support to the implementation of the Protocol: an Antarctic liability regime (Part III), relationship with other international instruments and arrangements (Part IV), and, through a series of selected case-studies, issues involved in domestic implementation of the Protocol (Part V).
1 598 kr
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When the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty entered into force on 14 January 1998, a new phase commenced for the Antarctic Treaty System. The parties to the Protocol are today confronting issues related to the implementation of a complex international environmental protection regime, both in international and domestic contexts. Various implementation questions need to be solved in order to enhance and make possible the implementation of the Protocol such as: what would be the consequences for the parties of a possible failure in resolving the pending implementation issues; on what premises can the solutions be based, and what, then, are the options available?The book provides a systematic overview of the implementation issue in sections on jurisdiction, control and enforcement in the Antarctic (Part I), institutional support to the implementation of the Protocol (Part II), normative support to the implementation of the Protocol: an Antarctic liability regime (Part III), relationship with other international instruments and arrangements (Part IV), and, through a series of selected case-studies, issues involved in domestic implementation of the Protocol (Part V).
Environmental Politics in Southern Europe
Actors, Institutions and Discourses in a Europeanizing Society
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
1 598 kr
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Europe is sometimes credited with a "polis", but not a "demos"; political integration and economic globalization cannot diminish local identity and social memories. This collection of national case studies shows why there will always be a local "demos" located in ecology, economy, and society, but never a transnational "demos", precisely because locality is the basis for meaningful sustainability.