Francophone Cultures and Literatures – serie

Francophone Women: Between Visibility and Invisibility underscores the writing of authors who foreground the female body and who write across geographical borders, as part of a global literary movement that has the French language as its common denominator. This edited collection exposes how female authors portray the tensions that exist between visibility and invisibility, public and private, presence and absence, and excess and restraint when it is linked to femininity and the female body.

During the last fifty years, Mouloud Feraoun, Mohammed Dib, Mouloud Mammeri, and Kateb Yacine achieved significant international recognition yet remain little known in the United States. Filling a pressing need, The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse provides a critical introduction and a new approach to the works of these Algerian novelists. Beginning with an overview of their novels, this book goes on to discuss critical approaches to them, challenging the widely held notion that they are merely ethnographic, upholding the status quo. The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse provides a new reading, and, most significantly, argues that they are best read as witnesses to the kind of conflict Jean-François Lyotard calls a différend – a conflict in which one suffers an injustice and is at the same time deprived of the means to argue. The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse then examines the issue of humanism that the novels allegedly both appeal to and reject and demonstrates that the Algerian authors’ condemnation of colonialism is both a coherent political position and consistent with their critique of liberal humanism. It concludes with a discussion on the ongoing relevance of the Algerian novels.The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse includes a glossary and a short history of modern Algeria to provide readers with the political and cultural contexts they need to understand its literature. This combination of innovative theoretical approach and political context makes this book of utmost importance for students of Francophone literature and for literary critics interested in colonialism, postcolonialism, and Lyotard’s philosophy.

Indigenization of Language in the African Francophone Novel: A New Literary Canon discusses the question of indigenization in the African Francophone novel. Analyzing the prose narratives of Nazi Boni, Ahmadou Kourouma, and Patrice Nganang, this book contends that African literature written in European languages is primarily a creative translation process. Recourse to European languages as a medium of expressing African imagination, worldview, and cultures in fictional writing poses problems of intelligibility. Developed to express and reflect Western worldviews and sensibilities, European languages are employed by African writers to convey messages that seem to be at variance with European imagination. These writers find themselves writing in languages they wish to subvert through the technique of literary indigenization. The significance of this study resides in its raising awareness to the hurdles that literary creativity in a polyglossic context may present to readers and translators. This book provides answers to intriguing questions centering on the problematic of translation in contemporary African literature. It is a contribution to current research aimed at unraveling the conundrum surrounding the language question in African Europhone fiction, particularly the cultural functions of translation in literature. Potential translation problems have to be addressed in order to make African literature written in European languages intelligible to global readership. With the advent of globalization, transcultural communication has become an activity of enormous importance to the international community. It is a subject of great interest to translators, linguists, language instructors, and literary theorists.

Il s'agit dans cette reflexion de comprendre et de saisir les enjeux que suscite la pratique de l'humour et de l'ironie dans des situations dramatiques, deplorables voire tragiques qu'est le contexte de l'Afrique: rire pour (se) corriger, contester, sans pour autant etre agressif? Denoncer sans en avoir l'air? Est-ce une nouvelle esthetique? A travers l'analyse des oeuvres qui vont des annees 1958 a nos jours, a savoir celles de Mongo Beti, Ferdinand Oyono, et plus contemporaines comme celles de A. Mabanckou..., ce livre demontre comment le rire, a travers toutes les differentes formes qu'il peut prendre, a savoir la derision, la parodie, le sarcasme, le grotesque par le biais de l'humour et de l'ironie qui sont les manifestations apparentes, est un outil a la fois de la contestation, de dedramatisation des situations tragiques, mais aussi une esthetique d'ecriture en soi dans la representation du reel, du serieux, que ce soit au niveau social, politique ou de l'ecriture elle-meme qui joue a la fois sur la dissimulation, sur le carnavalesque, la polyphonie et le grotesque pour finir a une poetique du rire.

Avec sa place majestueuse dans la nature et avec sa structure racinaire, arborescente et genealogique, l'arbre possede traditionnellement une symbolique importante dans le paysage identitaire. Lorsque la symbolique de l'arbre est depossedee de ses caracteristiques et que sa structure et sa force sont menacees, elle revele une vision tourmentee du paysage identitaire. Au niveau de son systeme racinaire, la symbolique de l'arbre est limitee, destabilisee, voire deracinee de sa force, et la symbolique du rhizome offre une autre facon d'apprehender la structure genealogique. Pour devoiler les aspects de la colonisation, Thierry T. Gustave explore la symbolique de l'arbre et celle du rhizome dans les oeuvres litteraires de la Martinique et de la Guadeloupe. Son ouvrage analyse plus particulierement la flore antillaise comme metaphore et representation du paysage identitaire dans luie et vent sur Telumee Miracle de Simone Schwarz-Bart, Delice et le fromager de Xavier Orville, et Pays mele de Maryse Conde.

The only up-to-date and comprehensive text and reader of Algerian literature available in English, Algerian Literature: A Reader’s Guide and Anthology offers the reader a historical and critical overview of the literature from the early twentieth century to the present, introduces Algerian authors, and provides selections from a wide range of their writings, many translated here for the first time. It begins with an overview chapter that charts the evolution of Algerian literature and puts it in its proper historical context, followed by five thematic chapters: decolonization and cultural affirmation, the War of Independence, modernization and its discontents, emigration, and history. The chapters begin with introductions on the themes under discussion and the selections are preceded by biographies of the authors, as well as detailed summaries of the larger works from which they are extracted. Finally, each chapter concludes with a bibliography and sources for readers seeking additional information and insight. The selections included in Algerian Literature: A Reader’s Guide and Anthology have been carefully chosen to reflect the richness and diversity of Algerian literature. Accordingly, they are extracted from various literary genres: novels, plays, and poems. Furthermore, they are from works that belong to different literary movements: realism, modernism, and postmodernism. The variety and the outstanding quality of the selections, along with the superb introductions, summaries, and biographies make Algerian Literature: A Reader’s Guide and Anthology an ideal text for courses in Algerian, Francophone, and world literature courses. It will also be of interest to general readers outside the classroom who want to broaden their literary horizons.

Le poète Etzer Vilaire (1872–1951) a fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques de la part des intellectuels car son œuvre s’écarte de la conception dominante de la poésie haïtienne adossée à une politique ouverte et une place importante accordée à la “couleur locale” et à la langue créole, en tant qu’incarnation d’une conscience raciale et nationale. Je défends la thèse selon laquelle de tels rejets renforcent une conception idéologique et contraire à l’histoire de la poésie haïtienne. Celle-ci est incompatible avec la vision et le projet esthétiques de Vilaire qui visent à élever le statut d’Haïti comme nation et à démontrer la qualité de sa littérature à l’étranger. Mon étude de Vilaire revêt un certain intérêt, car l’auteur a été en grande partie méprisé et négligé par de nombreux critiques littéraires. Alors qu’il est considéré comme un poète mineur, j’établis que Vilaire a fait preuve d’innovation, au sens où il s’est écarté des canons de la littérature haïtienne traditionnelle. Il a introduit de nouveaux sujets, notamment en poésie, et ravivé le rôle du poète. Étant donné qu’il a bousculé la tradition littéraire haïtienne, certains critiques ont condamné son œuvre à laquelle ils dénient toute place dans la littérature haïtienne. Dans ce travail, j’aborde cette controverse au sujet de son œuvre et démontre, via l’analyse de ses poèmes, qu’il reflète les idées de son temps et la préoccupation de ses prédécesseurs. Mes recherches mettent également l’accent sur le fait que Vilaire n’était pas uniquement un poète, mais également une figure politique. Et c’est en tant que poète et homme politique qu’il a défendu son pays, sa race et a mis au défi ses collègues de s’engager sur cette voie. Je souligne le fait que, contrairement à d’autres auteurs contemporains de son époque, la notion de religion a modelé le contenu de son travail. Enfin, je démontre que Vilaire a été une personnalité influente dans la littérature haïtienne. Au nom de ses conceptions littéraires, de sa perception de la langue française et de sa tentative de défense de sa race, il a été un précurseur du mouvement de la négritude. Ce livre sera utile aux chercheurs et lecteurs qui s’intéressent à la poésie francophone, à la politique, et à la religion.

During the last thirty years, Algerian novelists have shown and continue to show a marked interest in the history of their country; some of them, however, approach the past in a manner that is significantly different from that of traditional historical novelists. The Algerian Historical Novel: Linking the Past to the Present and Future investigates for precisely what purpose, on what philosophical grounds, and using what techniques, novelists Rachid Boudjedra (La Prise de Gibraltar), Tahar Djaout (L’Invention du désert), Assia Djebar (Loin de Médine), Waciny Laredj (La Maison andalouse), Mohamed Sari (Pluies d’or), and Amin Zaoui (Le Dernier juif de Tamentit) engage with the history of Algeria. It also examines what the study of these authors can contribute to the larger debate concerning what this type of historical fiction can do with or reveal about the past that history as a discipline and the traditional historical novel cannot. The author advocates that La Prise de Gibraltar, L’Invention du désert, Loin de Médine, La Maison andalouse, Pluies d’or, and Le Dernier juif de Tamentit are best read as works of historiographic metafiction. He argues that these novels combine poststructuralist ideas and postmodernist narrative techniques to draw attention to previously neglected people and events in history and provide revised perspectives on them and others and, more importantly, to problematize the way Algerian history is thought and is used to address two major social and political concerns confronting Algerians: national identity and religious fundamentalism. The Algerian Historical Novel: Linking the Past to the Present and future is highly recommended to students, scholars, and general readers interested in Algerian literature and in historiographic metafiction.