Research Methods in Linguistics – serie

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples and critical engagement with current debates.Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; and qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches and multimodal analysis).Expanded throughout, this third edition also includes:· New chapters on linguistic ethnography and digital discourse analysis· New guided activities and updated further readings, online resources and discussion questions· Refreshed examples, engaging with recent sources and materials· A glossary of key terms for each chapter· Learning outcomes for each chapter.Guiding you through the main issues, techniques and approaches to developing your research in Linguistics, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts and discussions, from research questions to transcription, and takes you step-by-step through several quantitative and qualitative approaches in Linguistics research, including recent developments in multimodal and digital discourse analysis. Leading you towards the research methods and principles most appropriate to your work, and explaining them in detail, this is the ideal book for anyone working with linguistic data.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates.Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches, multimodal analysis).Expanded throughout, this second edition also features:- New chapters on ethics in linguistic research; transcription; and case study research- Further reading, online resources, discussion questions and a glossary of key terms for each chapterProviding in-depth introductions to key concepts, a wealth of examples from recent linguistic research and suggestions for further exploration and discussion in each area, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone working with linguistic data.

Research Methods in Applied Linguistics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource for students. The book includes:* qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods* research techniques and approaches* ethical considerations* sample studies* a glossary of key terms* resources for studentsAs well as covering a range of methodological issues, it looks at numerous areas in depth, including language learning strategies, motivation, teacher beliefs, language and identity, pragmatics, vocabulary, and grammar. Comprehensive and accessible, this is the essential guide to research methods for undergraduate and postgraduate students in applied linguistics and language studies.

The successful collection of data is a key challenge to obtaining reliable and valid results in applied linguistics research. Data Collection Research Methods in Applied Linguistics investigates how research is conducted in the field, encompassing the challenges and obstacles applied linguists face in collecting good data. The book explores frequently used data collection techniques, including:* interviews and focus groups* observations* stimulated recall and think aloud protocols * data elicitation tasks* corpus methods* questionnaires * validated tests and measuresEach chapter focuses on one type of data collection, outlining key concepts, threats to reliability and validity, procedures for good data collection, and implications for researchers. The chapters also include exemplary research projects, showcasing and explaining for readers how the technique was used to collect data in a successfully published study. This book is an essential resource for both novice and experienced applied linguists tackling data collection techniques for the first time.

The successful collection of data is a key challenge to obtaining reliable and valid results in applied linguistics research. Data Collection Research Methods in Applied Linguistics investigates how research is conducted in the field, encompassing the challenges and obstacles applied linguists face in collecting good data. The book explores frequently used data collection techniques, including:* interviews and focus groups* observations* stimulated recall and think aloud protocols * data elicitation tasks* corpus methods* questionnaires * validated tests and measuresEach chapter focuses on one type of data collection, outlining key concepts, threats to reliability and validity, procedures for good data collection, and implications for researchers. The chapters also include exemplary research projects, showcasing and explaining for readers how the technique was used to collect data in a successfully published study. This book is an essential resource for both novice and experienced applied linguists tackling data collection techniques for the first time.

The successful collection of data is a key challenge to obtaining reliable and valid results in applied linguistics research. Data Collection Research Methods in Applied Linguistics investigates how research is conducted in the field, encompassing the challenges and obstacles applied linguists face in collecting good data. The book explores frequently used data collection techniques, including: * interviews and focus groups * observations* stimulated recall and think aloud protocols * data elicitation tasks * corpus methods * questionnaires * validated tests and measures Each chapter focuses on one type of data collection, outlining key concepts, threats to reliability and validity, procedures for good data collection, and implications for researchers. The chapters also include exemplary research projects, showcasing and explaining for readers how the technique was used to collect data in a successfully published study. This book is an essential resource for both novice and experienced applied linguists tackling data collection techniques for the first time.

The successful collection of data is a key challenge to obtaining reliable and valid results in applied linguistics research. Data Collection Research Methods in Applied Linguistics investigates how research is conducted in the field, encompassing the challenges and obstacles applied linguists face in collecting good data. The book explores frequently used data collection techniques, including: * interviews and focus groups * observations* stimulated recall and think aloud protocols * data elicitation tasks * corpus methods * questionnaires * validated tests and measures Each chapter focuses on one type of data collection, outlining key concepts, threats to reliability and validity, procedures for good data collection, and implications for researchers. The chapters also include exemplary research projects, showcasing and explaining for readers how the technique was used to collect data in a successfully published study. This book is an essential resource for both novice and experienced applied linguists tackling data collection techniques for the first time.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates.Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches, multimodal analysis).Expanded throughout, this second edition also features: - New chapters on ethics in linguistic research; transcription; and case study research - Further reading, online resources, discussion questions and a glossary of key terms for each chapter Providing in-depth introductions to key concepts, a wealth of examples from recent linguistic research and suggestions for further exploration and discussion in each area, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone working with linguistic data.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates.Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches, multimodal analysis).Expanded throughout, this second edition also features: - New chapters on ethics in linguistic research; transcription; and case study research - Further reading, online resources, discussion questions and a glossary of key terms for each chapter Providing in-depth introductions to key concepts, a wealth of examples from recent linguistic research and suggestions for further exploration and discussion in each area, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone working with linguistic data.

For research in linguistic anthropology, the successful execution of research projects is a challenging but essential task. Balancing research design with data collection methods, this textbook guides readers through the key issues and principles of the core research methods in linguistic anthropology.Designed for students conducting research projects for the first time, or for researchers in need of a primer on key methodologies, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include creating and refining research questions, planning research projects, ethical considerations for research, quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, data processing, data analysis, and how to write a successful grant application. Each chapter is illustrated by cases studies which showcase methods in practice, and are supported by activities and exercises, discussion questions, and further reading lists. Research Methods in Linguistic Anthropology is an essential resource for both experienced and novice linguistic anthropologists and is a valuable textbook for research methods courses.

For research in linguistic anthropology, the successful execution of research projects is a challenging but essential task. Balancing research design with data collection methods, this textbook guides readers through the key issues and principles of the core research methods in linguistic anthropology. Designed for students conducting research projects for the first time, or for researchers in need of a primer on key methodologies, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include creating and refining research questions, planning research projects, ethical considerations for research, quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, data processing, data analysis, and how to write a successful grant application. Each chapter is illustrated by cases studies which showcase methods in practice, and are supported by activities and exercises, discussion questions, and further reading lists. Research Methods in Linguistic Anthropology is an essential resource for both experienced and novice linguistic anthropologists and is a valuable textbook for research methods courses.

For research in linguistic anthropology, the successful execution of research projects is a challenging but essential task. Balancing research design with data collection methods, this textbook guides readers through the key issues and principles of the core research methods in linguistic anthropology. Designed for students conducting research projects for the first time, or for researchers in need of a primer on key methodologies, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include creating and refining research questions, planning research projects, ethical considerations for research, quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, data processing, data analysis, and how to write a successful grant application. Each chapter is illustrated by cases studies which showcase methods in practice, and are supported by activities and exercises, discussion questions, and further reading lists. Research Methods in Linguistic Anthropology is an essential resource for both experienced and novice linguistic anthropologists and is a valuable textbook for research methods courses.

For research in linguistic anthropology, the successful execution of research projects is a challenging but essential task. Balancing research design with data collection methods, this textbook guides readers through the key issues and principles of the core research methods in linguistic anthropology.Designed for students conducting research projects for the first time, or for researchers in need of a primer on key methodologies, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples, and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include creating and refining research questions, planning research projects, ethical considerations for research, quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, data processing, data analysis, and how to write a successful grant application. Each chapter is illustrated by cases studies which showcase methods in practice, and are supported by activities and exercises, discussion questions, and further reading lists. Research Methods in Linguistic Anthropology is an essential resource for both experienced and novice linguistic anthropologists and is a valuable textbook for research methods courses.

What is eye tracking? Why is it important for linguistics? How can I use it in my own research project?Answering these questions and more, this book guides you through one of the most exciting and innovative research methods in the field of linguistics. Divided into three parts, the chapters first offer an historical introduction and a foundational overview to the neurology and physiology of the eye and the common measurements and tools used in eye tracking. They then provide a guide to the applications of eye tracking most pertinent to linguists (reading, the visual-world paradigm, social eye tracking, and classroom applications), followed by a step-by-step process to plan, execute, analyze and report your research project in eye tracking. The book covers topics such as reading, lexical and syntactic processing, mind wandering, second language acquisition, and AAC devices, and includes statistical tools and how to write up results. Each chapter also includes self-study questions and a range of applied case studies.Supported by a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, and material to aid self-study, Eye Tracking in Linguistics is the only book you need to provide a solid foundation for your own research project.

What is eye tracking? Why is it important for linguistics? How can I use it in my own research project?Answering these questions and more, this book guides you through one of the most exciting and innovative research methods in the field of linguistics. Divided into three parts, the chapters first offer an historical introduction and a foundational overview to the neurology and physiology of the eye and the common measurements and tools used in eye tracking. They then provide a guide to the applications of eye tracking most pertinent to linguists (reading, the visual-world paradigm, social eye tracking, and classroom applications), followed by a step-by-step process to plan, execute, analyze and report your research project in eye tracking. The book covers topics such as reading, lexical and syntactic processing, mind wandering, second language acquisition, and AAC devices, and includes statistical tools and how to write up results. Each chapter also includes self-study questions and a range of applied case studies.Supported by a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, and material to aid self-study, Eye Tracking in Linguistics is the only book you need to provide a solid foundation for your own research project.

What is eye tracking? Why is it important for linguistics? How can I use it in my own research project?Answering these questions and more, this book guides you through one of the most exciting and innovative research methods in the field of linguistics. Divided into three parts, the chapters first offer an historical introduction and a foundational overview to the neurology and physiology of the eye and the common measurements and tools used in eye tracking. They then provide a guide to the applications of eye tracking most pertinent to linguists (reading, the visual-world paradigm, social eye tracking, and classroom applications), followed by a step-by-step process to plan, execute, analyze and report your research project in eye tracking. The book covers topics such as reading, lexical and syntactic processing, mind wandering, second language acquisition, and AAC devices, and includes statistical tools and how to write up results. Each chapter also includes self-study questions and a range of applied case studies.Supported by a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, and material to aid self-study, Eye Tracking in Linguistics is the only book you need to provide a solid foundation for your own research project.

What is eye tracking? Why is it important for linguistics? How can I use it in my own research project?Answering these questions and more, this book guides you through one of the most exciting and innovative research methods in the field of linguistics. Divided into three parts, the chapters first offer an historical introduction and a foundational overview to the neurology and physiology of the eye and the common measurements and tools used in eye tracking. They then provide a guide to the applications of eye tracking most pertinent to linguists (reading, the visual-world paradigm, social eye tracking, and classroom applications), followed by a step-by-step process to plan, execute, analyze and report your research project in eye tracking. The book covers topics such as reading, lexical and syntactic processing, mind wandering, second language acquisition, and AAC devices, and includes statistical tools and how to write up results. Each chapter also includes self-study questions and a range of applied case studies.Supported by a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, and material to aid self-study, Eye Tracking in Linguistics is the only book you need to provide a solid foundation for your own research project.

Introducing the key questions and challenges faced by the researcher of digital discourse, this book provides an overview of the different methodological dimensions associated with this type of research. Bringing together a team of experts, chapters guide students and novice researchers through how to conduct rigorous, accurate, and ethical research with data from a wide range of online platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and online dating apps. Research Methods for Digital Discourse Analysis focuses on the key issues that any digital discourse analyst must consider, before tackling more specific topics and approaches, including how to work with multilingual or multimodal data. Emphasizing concrete, practical advice and illustrated with plentiful examples from research studies, each chapter introduces a new research dimension for consideration, briefly exploring how other discourse analysts have approached the topic before using an in-depth case study to highlight the main challenges and provide guidance on methodological decision-making. Supported by a range of pedagogical tools, including discussion questions and annotated further-reading lists, this book is an essential resource for students and any researcher new to analyzing digital discourse.

Introducing the key questions and challenges faced by the researcher of digital discourse, this book provides an overview of the different methodological dimensions associated with this type of research. Bringing together a team of experts, chapters guide students and novice researchers through how to conduct rigorous, accurate, and ethical research with data from a wide range of online platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and online dating apps. Research Methods for Digital Discourse Analysis focuses on the key issues that any digital discourse analyst must consider, before tackling more specific topics and approaches, including how to work with multilingual or multimodal data. Emphasizing concrete, practical advice and illustrated with plentiful examples from research studies, each chapter introduces a new research dimension for consideration, briefly exploring how other discourse analysts have approached the topic before using an in-depth case study to highlight the main challenges and provide guidance on methodological decision-making. Supported by a range of pedagogical tools, including discussion questions and annotated further-reading lists, this book is an essential resource for students and any researcher new to analyzing digital discourse.

Introducing the key questions and challenges faced by the researcher of digital discourse, this book provides an overview of the different methodological dimensions associated with this type of research. Bringing together a team of experts, chapters guide students and novice researchers through how to conduct rigorous, accurate, and ethical research with data from a wide range of online platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and online dating apps. Research Methods for Digital Discourse Analysis focuses on the key issues that any digital discourse analyst must consider, before tackling more specific topics and approaches, including how to work with multilingual or multimodal data. Emphasizing concrete, practical advice and illustrated with plentiful examples from research studies, each chapter introduces a new research dimension for consideration, briefly exploring how other discourse analysts have approached the topic before using an in-depth case study to highlight the main challenges and provide guidance on methodological decision-making. Supported by a range of pedagogical tools, including discussion questions and annotated further-reading lists, this book is an essential resource for students and any researcher new to analyzing digital discourse.

Introducing the key questions and challenges faced by the researcher of digital discourse, this book provides an overview of the different methodological dimensions associated with this type of research. Bringing together a team of experts, chapters guide students and novice researchers through how to conduct rigorous, accurate, and ethical research with data from a wide range of online platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and online dating apps. Research Methods for Digital Discourse Analysis focuses on the key issues that any digital discourse analyst must consider, before tackling more specific topics and approaches, including how to work with multilingual or multimodal data. Emphasizing concrete, practical advice and illustrated with plentiful examples from research studies, each chapter introduces a new research dimension for consideration, briefly exploring how other discourse analysts have approached the topic before using an in-depth case study to highlight the main challenges and provide guidance on methodological decision-making. Supported by a range of pedagogical tools, including discussion questions and annotated further-reading lists, this book is an essential resource for students and any researcher new to analyzing digital discourse.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples and critical engagement with current debates.Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; and qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches and multimodal analysis).Expanded throughout, this third edition also includes:· New chapters on linguistic ethnography and digital discourse analysis· New guided activities and updated further readings, online resources and discussion questions· Refreshed examples, engaging with recent sources and materials· A glossary of key terms for each chapter· Learning outcomes for each chapter.Guiding you through the main issues, techniques and approaches to developing your research in Linguistics, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts and discussions, from research questions to transcription, and takes you step-by-step through several quantitative and qualitative approaches in Linguistics research, including recent developments in multimodal and digital discourse analysis. Leading you towards the research methods and principles most appropriate to your work, and explaining them in detail, this is the ideal book for anyone working with linguistic data.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; and qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches and multimodal analysis). Expanded throughout, this third edition also includes: · New chapters on linguistic ethnography and digital discourse analysis · New guided activities and updated further readings, online resources and discussion questions · Refreshed examples, engaging with recent sources and materials · A glossary of key terms for each chapter · Learning outcomes for each chapter. Guiding you through the main issues, techniques and approaches to developing your research in Linguistics, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts and discussions, from research questions to transcription, and takes you step-by-step through several quantitative and qualitative approaches in Linguistics research, including recent developments in multimodal and digital discourse analysis. Leading you towards the research methods and principles most appropriate to your work, and explaining them in detail, this is the ideal book for anyone working with linguistic data.

Research Methods in Linguistics guides the reader through the key issues, principles, and contributions of core methods in linguistic research. It is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students looking for clear introductions to key concepts, accessible discussions of theory and practice through illustrative examples and critical engagement with current debates. Topics covered include developing research questions; combining methods; quantitative research designs (including questionnaires, chi-square tests and t-tests); corpus analysis; and qualitative research methods (interview methods, discourse analytic approaches and multimodal analysis). Expanded throughout, this third edition also includes: · New chapters on linguistic ethnography and digital discourse analysis · New guided activities and updated further readings, online resources and discussion questions · Refreshed examples, engaging with recent sources and materials · A glossary of key terms for each chapter · Learning outcomes for each chapter. Guiding you through the main issues, techniques and approaches to developing your research in Linguistics, this book provides clear introductions to key concepts and discussions, from research questions to transcription, and takes you step-by-step through several quantitative and qualitative approaches in Linguistics research, including recent developments in multimodal and digital discourse analysis. Leading you towards the research methods and principles most appropriate to your work, and explaining them in detail, this is the ideal book for anyone working with linguistic data.

This book is a comprehensive guide to research methods in all types of interpreting for beginner researchers. It brings together the expertise of three well-established scholars in the fields of conference and community, spoken and signed language interpreting practice and research.This new edition has been fully updated and revised throughout and includes two new chapters on choosing research design, and remote interpreting research. It features questions, prompts and exercises throughout to highlight key concepts, provoke thought and encourage reader interaction, and deals with research in both conference and community interpreting, offering a variety of perspectives on both. Core areas such as reading and analyzing research literature, practical issues in research and producing research reports are all covered. Research Methods in Interpreting is an indispensable tool for students and researchers of interpreting as well as professionals and interpreter trainers.

This book is a comprehensive guide to research methods in all types of interpreting for beginner researchers. It brings together the expertise of three well-established scholars in the fields of conference and community, spoken and signed language interpreting practice and research.This new edition has been fully updated and revised throughout and includes two new chapters on choosing research design, and remote interpreting research. It features questions, prompts and exercises throughout to highlight key concepts, provoke thought and encourage reader interaction, and deals with research in both conference and community interpreting, offering a variety of perspectives on both. Core areas such as reading and analyzing research literature, practical issues in research and producing research reports are all covered. Research Methods in Interpreting is an indispensable tool for students and researchers of interpreting as well as professionals and interpreter trainers.

Quantitative Research in Linguistics presents a comprehensive introduction to analysing quantitative linguistic data. The author examines what the student linguist is trying to find out through analysing data, and how quantitative techniques can help arrive at meaningful and accurate conclusions. Now fully updated and revised, the third edition includes more complex examples in the form of case studies allowing for a more in-depth exploration of the concepts and tools discussed and a glossary of key terms and concepts. A companion website allows readers to download crib sheets and Excel templates for the main statistical tools.The book focuses on introducing readers to the fundamentals of quantitative research and systematic approaches to data analysis and covers:- using statistics- variables- reliability of data- describing data- analysing data- testing hypotheses- dealing with problematic data.Using robust pedagogic scaffolding, the tasks and discussion questions increase in complexity and nuance as each chapter unfolds. Each chapter includes graphs and figures explaining theory through worked examples, chapter summaries, and exercises to aid student understanding, as well as suggestions for further reading to enable students to explore the topics in more depth. An appendix containing a summary of statistical formulae, excel commands and statistical tables is included.Presenting a down-to-earth and readable introduction to quantitative research, this book is an essential how-to guide for students encountering quantitative data for the first time, or for postgraduates embarking on linguistic research projects.

Quantitative Research in Linguistics presents a comprehensive introduction to analysing quantitative linguistic data. The author examines what the student linguist is trying to find out through analysing data, and how quantitative techniques can help arrive at meaningful and accurate conclusions. Now fully updated and revised, the third edition includes more complex examples in the form of case studies allowing for a more in-depth exploration of the concepts and tools discussed and a glossary of key terms and concepts. A companion website allows readers to download crib sheets and Excel templates for the main statistical tools.The book focuses on introducing readers to the fundamentals of quantitative research and systematic approaches to data analysis and covers:- using statistics- variables- reliability of data- describing data- analysing data- testing hypotheses- dealing with problematic data.Using robust pedagogic scaffolding, the tasks and discussion questions increase in complexity and nuance as each chapter unfolds. Each chapter includes graphs and figures explaining theory through worked examples, chapter summaries, and exercises to aid student understanding, as well as suggestions for further reading to enable students to explore the topics in more depth. An appendix containing a summary of statistical formulae, excel commands and statistical tables is included.Presenting a down-to-earth and readable introduction to quantitative research, this book is an essential how-to guide for students encountering quantitative data for the first time, or for postgraduates embarking on linguistic research projects.

Presents a comprehensive introduction to analysing quantitative linguistic data. Starting with an definition of quantitative data, and how it differs from qualitative data, Seb Rasinger examines what the student linguist is trying to find out through analysing data, and how quantitative techniques can help arrive at meaningful and accurate conclusions. This expanded, 2nd edition now also includes a discussion of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and MANOVA, and provides a brief introduction to statistical meta-analysis. A companion website allows readers to download crib sheets and Excel templates for the main statistical tools.The book introduces: -using statistics-variables-reliability of data-describing data-analysing data-testing hypotheses-dealing with problematic data.Each chapter includes graphs and figures explaining theory through worked examples, chapter summaries, and exercises to aid student understanding. An appendix containing a summary of statistical formulae, excel commands and statistical tables is included and is an invaluable resource. Presenting a down-to-earth and readable introduction to quantitative research, this book is a useful how-to guide for students encountering quantitative data for the first time, or for postgraduates embarking on linguistic research projects.