Springer Handbooks – serie

The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics.Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

This handbook gathers the full range of statistical techniques and tools required by engineers, analysts and scientists from all fields. The book is a comprehensive place to look for methods and solutions to practical problems within - but not limited to - data science, quality assurance in design and production engineering.  The tools of engineering statistics are relevant for modeling and prediction of products, processes and services, but also for the analysis of ongoing processes, the reliability and life-cycle assessment of products and services, and finally to achieve realistic predictions on how to improve processes and products.  This book contains contributions from around 115 leading experts in statistics, biostatistics, engineering statistics, reliability engineering, and related areas. It covers the various methods as well as their applications from industrial control to failure mechanism and analysis, medicine, businessintelligence, electronic packaging, and risk management. It enables readers to choose the most appropriate method through its wide range of selection of statistical techniques and tools. For the second edition all chapters have been thoroughly updated to reflect the current state-of-the-art. Included are also more than 30 completely new contributions revolving around current trends related to modern statistical computing, including: data science, big data, machine learning, optimization, data fusion, high dimensional data, voting systems, life testing, related statistical artificial intelligence (AI) and reliability physics and failure mode mechanisms.This Springer Handbook of Engineering Statistics provides comprehensive literature with up-to-date statistical methodologies, algorithms, computation methods and tools that can be served as a main reference for researchers, engineers, business analysts, educators and students in all applied fields affected bystatistics.

Acoustics, the science of sound, has developed into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing the academic disciplines of physics, engineering, psychology, speech, audiology, music, architecture, physiology, neuroscience and others. Here is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting this richly interdisciplinary nature edited by one of the acknowledged masters in the field, Thomas Rossing.Researchers and students benefit from the comprehensive contents spanning: animal acoustics including infrasound and ultrasound, environmental noise control, music and human speech and singing, physiological and psychological acoustics, architectural acoustics, physical and engineering acoustics, medical acoustics and ocean acoustics.The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 11 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and two new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.Praise for the first edition:"This treatise is a successful attempt to cover in one book the diverse field of acoustics, which ranges from physics to music and from formal mathematics to technological applications. ... It is this reviewer's opinion that a handbook like Rossing's, which covers the whole field of acoustics, serves a real purpose because it not only gives one a chance to see how one's specialty is covered but it also permits one to make a quick survey of other acoustical areas." (Leo Beranek, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 77 (12), December, 2009)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics falls into that exceptional list. ...every physics department should have a copy available." (John L. Hubisz, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 48, March, 2010)"This handbook is an excellent addition to the acoustics literature. ... The handbook nicely covers both basics and advances in several areas of acoustics. Several chapters provide good mathematical depth, making the handbook useful as a research and technical resource. ...Overall, a very useful educational and research resource. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (M. G. Prasad, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (5), January, 2008)"This book covers a wide range of topics and the inclusion of musical acoustics, computer and electronic music appeal to me (singer, song-writer, performer and recording studio co-owner). This handbook is probably well suited for an undergraduate-level introduction to an acoustics course. ... The wide range of topics, inclusion of music-related chapters, eye-pleasing presentations and other useful features make this a very good book to have on your shelf." (Tim Casey, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 13 (1), 2008)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics comprises 28 chapters written by 33 authors. The Handbook of Acoustics is useful as a source book for anyone who needs or wants to become familiar with the jargon and issues related to a specific subfield of acoustics ... ." (Robert I. Odom, Siam Review, Vol. 50 (3), 2008)The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 13 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and 3 new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.

This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology.Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and alsoion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.

This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions.A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact onresearch policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems.Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators.The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.

The book is divided into four parts: Optical Subsystems for Transmission and Switching, Core Networks, Datacenter and Super-Computer Networking, and Optical Access and Wireless Networks. Each chapter is written by world-renown experts that represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies.

This indispensable handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels – from synthesis and characterization to cutting-edge applications and their potential market impact. Built upon Springer’s successful Aerogels Handbook published in 2011, this handbook features extensive revisions and timely updates, reflecting the changes in this fast-growing field. Aerogels are the lightest solids known to man. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density only four times that of air, they possess extraordinarily high thermal, electrical, and acoustic insulation properties, and boast numerous entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to incorporate non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal, and ceramic materials. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation, and household uses are being developed.Readers of this fully updated and expanded edition will find an exhaustive source for all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and the most recent advances towards applications and commercial use. This key reference is essential reading for a combined audience of graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals.

This handbook delivers an up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the broad field of surface science, encompassing a range of important materials such metals, semiconductors, insulators, ultrathin films and supported nanoobjects.Over 100 experts from all branches of experiment and theory review in 39 chapters all major aspects of solid-state surfaces, from basic principles to applications, including the latest, ground-breaking research results. Beginning with the fundamental background of kinetics and thermodynamics at surfaces, the handbook leads the reader through the basics of crystallographic structures and electronic properties, to the advanced topics at the forefront of current research. These include but are not limited to novel applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanical devices, plasmonics, carbon films, catalysis,  and biology.The handbook is an ideal reference guide and instructional aid for a wide range of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers active throughout academic and industrial research.

This comprehensive Springer Handbook covers all major areas encompassed by the broad field of mechanical engineering. Contents continue with in depth descriptions of machine and system design, from machine elements over engineering design for piston machines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, turbomachinery and construction machines.

This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts  present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both  ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part  provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks.Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.

This handbook provides an exhaustive, one-stop reference and a state-of-the-art description of geographic information and its use. The part is enhanced by new chapters on smart cities and building information modeling, as well as a complete overview of the currently available open-source geographic information systems.

The handbook comprehensively covers the field of inorganic photochemistry from the fundamentals to the main applications. The first section of the book describes the historical development of inorganic photochemistry, along with the fundamentals related to this multidisciplinary scientific field.

The Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality presents a comprehensive and authoritative guide to augmented reality (AR) technology, its numerous applications, and its intersection with emerging technologies.

This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed.  The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats.The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.

This handbook comprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field from atomic spectroscopy to applications to comets and global change.

This Springer Handbook comprehensively covers the topic of semiconductor devices, embracing all aspects from theoretical background to fabrication, modeling, and applications.Nearly 100 leading scientists from industry and academia were selected to write the handbook's chapters, which were conceived for professionals and practitioners, material scientists, physicists and electrical engineers working at universities, industrial R&D, and manufacturers.Starting from the description of the relevant technological aspects and fabrication steps, the handbook proceeds with a section fully devoted to the main conventional semiconductor devices like, e.g., bipolar transistors and MOS capacitors and transistors, used in the production of the standard integrated circuits, and the corresponding physical models. In the subsequent chapters, the scaling issues of the semiconductor-device technology are addressed, followed by the description of novel concept-based semiconductor devices. The last section illustrates the numerical simulation methods ranging from the fabrication processes to the device performances.Each chapter is self-contained, and refers to related topics treated in other chapters when necessary, so that the reader interested in a specific subject can easily identify a personal reading path through the vast contents of the handbook.

This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity.

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition of the bestselling Springer Handbook of Automation provides the most advanced, comprehensive, and balanced coverage of the technical and engineering aspects of automation.Starting with a holistic discussion on the history and societal impacts of automation, the book provides the tools to understand, design and implement automation solutions. This includes:the scientific foundations, from traditional control theory to the latest developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning;the technical aspects of automation design, from hardware such as mechatronics and sensors to cyber-physical systems and human-machine interaction, to collaborative automation;the methods of automation integration in products, processes and services; and finally,the technical, economic and ethical management of automation.Readers will find the most complete and state-of-the-art overview on the implementation, effects and examples of automation in industrial contexts, as well as infrastructure, service, medical and healthcare, home, office and enterprise automation. The book concludes with up-to-date case studies from industrial forerunners. Edited by an internationally renowned and experienced expert and supported by a distinguished advisory board, this Springer Handbook offers a wealth of information for industry practitioners, aspiring engineers and automation experts alike.

Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts.  These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds

This Handbook is the ultimate definitive guide that covers key fundamentals and advanced applications for Additive Manufacturing.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on Internet of Things, written for practitioners, researchers, and students around the world. This book provides a definitive single point of reference material for all those interested to find out information about the basic technologies and approaches that are used to design and deploy IoT applications across a vast variety of different application fields spanning from smart buildings, smart cities, smart factories, smart farming, building automation, connected vehicles, and machine to machine communication. The book is divided into ten parts, each edited by top experts in the field. The parts include: IoT Basics, IoT Hardware and Components, Architecture and Reference Models, IoT Networks, Standards Overview, IoT Security and Privacy, From Data to Knowledge and Intelligence, Application Domains, Testbeds and Deployment, and End-User Engagement. The contributors are leading authorities in the fields of engineering and represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies.

This Springer Handbook assembles the existing knowledge concerning plastic materials and identifies obstacles and objectives of innovations and technologies that will bring human society closer to the goal of a fully circular economy of plastic materials. Consumers profit everyday from the versatile functionalities of plastic materials, but this diversity also brings a range of challenges: recycling may be costly and laborious, and too many plastic products still end up as waste in the environment.The handbook offers a source of information, a knowledge base, and inspiration for those aiming to create an economy that paves the road for future generations. The editorial board and invited authors represent international key figures from a broad range of disciplines, including chemistry, engineering, material sciences, logistics, data and information sciences, systems engineering, economy and sustainability as well as disciplines related to culture, art, and design. With its diversity, the book aims to fulfil the huge demand for information on novel technologies and legal approaches in politics, industry and society.Key topics include:Development of biodegradable plasticsAdvanced recycling strategiesDesign for recyclabilityLegal and economic perspectivesRole of startups and innovative technologiesNovel business models and business strategiesBy allowing the reader to learn and apply the measures needed for the implementation of a Circular Plastics Economy, the handbook will be of particular interest to innovators, decision-makers, planners, designers, producers in industry, politics, and society as well as consumers, students, teachers, communicators, journalists, and cultural workers.

This Springer Handbook gathers the broad mix of theoretical and applied reliability knowledge needed for engineers, analysts, and scientists from all fields, with examples reflecting the growing importance of the subject in automotive, public transport, electronics, telecommunications, software, and other industries. Reliability is gaining increased public awareness and importance due to design flaws in existing systems such as railways, as well as concerns over other safety-critical systems, such as those used for the disposal of hazardous waste. Reliability is now a key concern during the design stage of most engineering projects.The handbook's chapters have been written by many leading reliability experts in academia and industry, providing comprehensive and authoritative coverage under the supervision of a distinguished international advisory and editorial board to ensure clarity and precision throughout.Reliability has a wide range of applications across various fields of engineering, including civil, mechanical, electronic, electrical, and manufacturing. This definitive Springer Handbook will be read and used as a practical guide and reference by professionals in these industries, as well as by researchers and professors in universities who require a single-volume, comprehensive reference on reliability and its applications.

This handbook provides an introduction as well as a detailed description of the application of various techniques used in chemo- and bioinformatics. It covers basic topics such as a discussion of computational techniques used in the predictions of structures, properties, and dynamics of small compounds, macromolecules, and their complexes. Diverse applications of QSAR methods are also revealed. Various chapters offer specifics of current methodologies used by research labs in the pharmaceutical industry for drug design. Modern computational approaches taking advantage of searching big data, using artificial intelligence and machine learning are discussed, while the necessity of applying such advanced novel techniques for bio- and chemo-informatics is revealed.The Springer Handbook of Chem- and Bioinformatics combines nicely together discussion and assessment of both closely related fields of modern informatics. This handbook is a welcome addition to the university libraries, research institutes, as well as to basic textbook resources of individual researchers. The target audience includes students (both graduate and advanced undergraduate), university researchers, scientists working in private and governmental laboratories as well as a large group of developers from pharmaceutical and medical institutes and related industrial research centers.

After the fast development in Internet technologies, data has been coined as the “new oil”. Indeed, on the one hand, Internet technologies have enabled gathering and storing unlimited amounts of data in Data Centers and, on the other, Cloud computing ecosystem has enabled unlimited computing capacity for processing and analyzing the data. Data knowledge requires data engineering to enable knowledge integration into decision-making, businesses processes, etc.Data Engineering addresses building and deployment of distributed, scalable and reliable data infrastructures and integrating them into the knowledge and business pipelines of institutions, organizations, businesses and alike.The Handbook of Data Engineering provides a comprehensive coverage of the engineering aspects of building and deploying distributed, scalable, secure and reliable data infrastructures for intelligent processing and decision making systems.

The Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering is organized in five parts: Part A: Fundamentals, Part B: Autonomous Ocean Vehicles, Subsystems and Control, Part C: Coastal Design, Part D: Offshore Technologies, Part E: Energy Conversion

The Springer Handbook of Odor is the definitive guide to all aspects related to the study of smell and their impact on human life.

This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.