The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics.Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

This handbook gathers the full range of statistical techniques and tools required by engineers, analysts and scientists from all fields. The book is a comprehensive place to look for methods and solutions to practical problems within - but not limited to - data science, quality assurance in design and production engineering.  The tools of engineering statistics are relevant for modeling and prediction of products, processes and services, but also for the analysis of ongoing processes, the reliability and life-cycle assessment of products and services, and finally to achieve realistic predictions on how to improve processes and products.  This book contains contributions from around 115 leading experts in statistics, biostatistics, engineering statistics, reliability engineering, and related areas. It covers the various methods as well as their applications from industrial control to failure mechanism and analysis, medicine, businessintelligence, electronic packaging, and risk management. It enables readers to choose the most appropriate method through its wide range of selection of statistical techniques and tools. For the second edition all chapters have been thoroughly updated to reflect the current state-of-the-art. Included are also more than 30 completely new contributions revolving around current trends related to modern statistical computing, including: data science, big data, machine learning, optimization, data fusion, high dimensional data, voting systems, life testing, related statistical artificial intelligence (AI) and reliability physics and failure mode mechanisms.This Springer Handbook of Engineering Statistics provides comprehensive literature with up-to-date statistical methodologies, algorithms, computation methods and tools that can be served as a main reference for researchers, engineers, business analysts, educators and students in all applied fields affected bystatistics.

Acoustics, the science of sound, has developed into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing the academic disciplines of physics, engineering, psychology, speech, audiology, music, architecture, physiology, neuroscience and others. Here is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting this richly interdisciplinary nature edited by one of the acknowledged masters in the field, Thomas Rossing.Researchers and students benefit from the comprehensive contents spanning: animal acoustics including infrasound and ultrasound, environmental noise control, music and human speech and singing, physiological and psychological acoustics, architectural acoustics, physical and engineering acoustics, medical acoustics and ocean acoustics.The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 11 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and two new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.Praise for the first edition:"This treatise is a successful attempt to cover in one book the diverse field of acoustics, which ranges from physics to music and from formal mathematics to technological applications. ... It is this reviewer's opinion that a handbook like Rossing's, which covers the whole field of acoustics, serves a real purpose because it not only gives one a chance to see how one's specialty is covered but it also permits one to make a quick survey of other acoustical areas." (Leo Beranek, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 77 (12), December, 2009)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics falls into that exceptional list. ...every physics department should have a copy available." (John L. Hubisz, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 48, March, 2010)"This handbook is an excellent addition to the acoustics literature. ... The handbook nicely covers both basics and advances in several areas of acoustics. Several chapters provide good mathematical depth, making the handbook useful as a research and technical resource. ...Overall, a very useful educational and research resource. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (M. G. Prasad, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (5), January, 2008)"This book covers a wide range of topics and the inclusion of musical acoustics, computer and electronic music appeal to me (singer, song-writer, performer and recording studio co-owner). This handbook is probably well suited for an undergraduate-level introduction to an acoustics course. ... The wide range of topics, inclusion of music-related chapters, eye-pleasing presentations and other useful features make this a very good book to have on your shelf." (Tim Casey, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 13 (1), 2008)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics comprises 28 chapters written by 33 authors. The Handbook of Acoustics is useful as a source book for anyone who needs or wants to become familiar with the jargon and issues related to a specific subfield of acoustics ... ." (Robert I. Odom, Siam Review, Vol. 50 (3), 2008)The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 13 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and 3 new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.

This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology.Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and alsoion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.

This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions.A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact onresearch policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems.Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators.The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on optical networks, the backbone of today’s communication and information society. The book reviews the many underlying technologies that enable the global optical communications infrastructure, but also explains current research trends targeted towards continued capacity scaling and enhanced networking flexibility in support of an unabated traffic growth fueled by ever-emerging new applications. The book is divided into four parts: Optical Subsystems for Transmission and Switching, Core Networks, Datacenter and Super-Computer Networking, and Optical Access and Wireless Networks.Each chapter is written by world-renown experts that represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies. Every chapter provides a complete picture of its field, from entry-level information to a snapshot of the respective state-of-the-art technologies to emerging research trends, providing something useful for the novice who wants to get familiar with the field to the expert who wants to get a concise view of future trends.

This indispensable handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels – from synthesis and characterization to cutting-edge applications and their potential market impact. Built upon Springer’s successful Aerogels Handbook published in 2011, this handbook features extensive revisions and timely updates, reflecting the changes in this fast-growing field. Aerogels are the lightest solids known to man. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density only four times that of air, they possess extraordinarily high thermal, electrical, and acoustic insulation properties, and boast numerous entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to incorporate non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal, and ceramic materials. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation, and household uses are being developed.Readers of this fully updated and expanded edition will find an exhaustive source for all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and the most recent advances towards applications and commercial use. This key reference is essential reading for a combined audience of graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals.

This handbook delivers an up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the broad field of surface science, encompassing a range of important materials such metals, semiconductors, insulators, ultrathin films and supported nanoobjects.Over 100 experts from all branches of experiment and theory review in 39 chapters all major aspects of solid-state surfaces, from basic principles to applications, including the latest, ground-breaking research results. Beginning with the fundamental background of kinetics and thermodynamics at surfaces, the handbook leads the reader through the basics of crystallographic structures and electronic properties, to the advanced topics at the forefront of current research. These include but are not limited to novel applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanical devices, plasmonics, carbon films, catalysis,  and biology.The handbook is an ideal reference guide and instructional aid for a wide range of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers active throughout academic and industrial research.

This comprehensive Springer Handbook covers all major areas encompassed by the broad field of mechanical engineering. This second, substantially updated edition with many new chapters provides easily accessible but authoritative information in a clear structure. The book starts with concise chapters that cover the most important fundamentals of mathematics, mechanics and thermodynamics needed specifically in the engineering disciplines.  It then provides a holistic description of the most relevant materials in engineering, including a discussion of mechanical and physical properties on the microscopic as well as the macroscopic scale. Additional chapters put special emphasis on corrosion, tribology and inspection.  Manufacturing techniques and machining processes, from traditional casting and forming to state-of-the-art precision machining on the microscopic scale are also extensively covered. An extra chapter focuses on quality control.  Contents continue with in depth descriptions of machine and system design, from machine elements over engineering design for piston machines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, turbomachinery and construction machines.  A completely new part is dedicated to the various areas of industries in mobility on ground, air and water.  A brief outlook into related fields of electrical engineering and power generation provides an ideal starting point for the practitioner venturing in these areas.  The book concludes with an annex summarizing important key data for practical reference in the day-to-day work of an engineer. Written by distinguished experts from industry and academia, this comprehensive Springer Handbook provides authoritative and state-of-the-art information of international validity for the professional engineer and those to be.

This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts  present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both  ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part  provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks.Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.

This handbook provides an exhaustive, one-stop reference and a state-of-the-art description of geographic information and its use. This new, substantially updated edition presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of geographic information systems. Designed to be a useful and readable desk reference book, but also prepared in various electronic formats, this title allows fast yet comprehensive review and easy retrieval of essential reliable key information. The Springer Handbook of Geographic Information is divided into three parts. Part A, Basics and Computer Science, provides an overview on the fundamentals, including descriptions of databases and encoding of geographic information. It also covers the underlying mathematical and statistics methods and modeling. A new chapter exemplifies the emerging use and analysis of big data in a geographic context. Part B offers rigorous descriptions of gathering, processing and coding of geographic information in a standardized way to allow interoperable use in a variety of systems; from traditional methods such as geodesy and surveying to state-of-the-art remote sensing and photogrammetry; from cartography to geospatial web services. Discussions on geosemantic interoperability and security of open distributed geospatial information systems complete the comprehensive coverage.  The final part describes a wide array of applications in science, industry and society at large, such as agriculture, defense, transportation, energy and utilities, health and human services. The part is enhanced by new chapters on smart cities and building information modeling, as well as a complete overview of the currently available open-source geographic information systems. Using standardized international terminology, in accordance with ISO/TC 211 and INSPIRE, this handbook facilitates collaboration between different disciplines and is a must have for practitioners and new comers in industry and academia.

The handbook comprehensively covers the field of inorganic photochemistry from the fundamentals to the main applications. The first section of the book describes the historical development of inorganic photochemistry, along with the fundamentals related to this multidisciplinary scientific field. The main experimental techniques employed in state-of-art studies are described in detail in the second section followed by a third section including theoretical investigations in the field. In the next three sections, the photophysical and photochemical properties of coordination compounds, supramolecular systems and inorganic semiconductors are summarized by experts on these materials. Finally, the application of photoactive inorganic compounds in key sectors of our society is highlighted. The sections cover applications in bioimaging and sensing, drug delivery and cancer therapy, solar energy conversion to electricity and fuels, organic synthesis, environmental remediation and optoelectronics among others. The chapters provide a concise overview of the main achievements in the recent years and highlight the challenges for future research. This handbook offers a unique compilation for practitioners of inorganic photochemistry in both industry and academia.

The Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality presents a comprehensive and authoritative guide to augmented reality (AR) technology, its numerous applications, and its intersection with emerging technologies. This book traces the history of AR from its early development, discussing the fundamentals of AR and its associated science.The handbook begins by presenting the development of AR over the last few years, mentioning the key pioneers and important milestones. It then moves to the fundamentals and principles of AR, such as photogrammetry, optics, motion and objects tracking, and marker-based and marker-less registration. The book discusses both software toolkits and techniques and hardware related to AR, before presenting the applications of AR. This includes both end-user applications like education and cultural heritage, and professional applications within engineering fields, medicine and architecture, amongst others. The book concludes with the convergence of AR with other emerging technologies, such as Industrial Internet of Things and Digital Twins. The handbook presents a comprehensive reference on AR technology from an academic, industrial and commercial perspective, making it an invaluable resource for audiences from a variety of backgrounds.

This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed.  The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats.The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.

This handbook comprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field from atomic spectroscopy to applications to comets and global change. Its 91 chapters are written by over 100 authors, all leaders in their respective disciplines.Carefully edited to ensure a uniform coverage and style and with extensive cross references, together with a guide to the primary research literature, it is both a source of information and an inspiration for graduate students and other researchers new to the field. All chapters offer diagrams of apparatus, graphs, and tables of data.Twenty-seven years on since the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Handbook was first published, and sixteen years since the publication of the revised Springer edition, the Springer AMO Physics Handbook has become a standard reference in the field, and a starting point for generations of graduate students. In recent years, there have been dramatic advances in many areas of AMO physics involving both fundamental changes and new applications in areas such as quantum information, ultracold atoms, and searches for dark matter. This new edition contains an expanded coverage of these rapidly emerging fields.

This Springer Handbook comprehensively covers the topic of semiconductor devices, embracing all aspects from theoretical background to fabrication, modeling, and applications.Nearly 100 leading scientists from industry and academia were selected to write the handbook's chapters, which were conceived for professionals and practitioners, material scientists, physicists and electrical engineers working at universities, industrial R&D, and manufacturers.Starting from the description of the relevant technological aspects and fabrication steps, the handbook proceeds with a section fully devoted to the main conventional semiconductor devices like, e.g., bipolar transistors and MOS capacitors and transistors, used in the production of the standard integrated circuits, and the corresponding physical models. In the subsequent chapters, the scaling issues of the semiconductor-device technology are addressed, followed by the description of novel concept-based semiconductor devices. The last section illustrates the numerical simulation methods ranging from the fabrication processes to the device performances.Each chapter is self-contained, and refers to related topics treated in other chapters when necessary, so that the reader interested in a specific subject can easily identify a personal reading path through the vast contents of the handbook.

This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards.Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition of the bestselling Springer Handbook of Automation provides the most advanced, comprehensive, and balanced coverage of the technical and engineering aspects of automation.Starting with a holistic discussion on the history and societal impacts of automation, the book provides the tools to understand, design and implement automation solutions. This includes:the scientific foundations, from traditional control theory to the latest developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning;the technical aspects of automation design, from hardware such as mechatronics and sensors to cyber-physical systems and human-machine interaction, to collaborative automation;the methods of automation integration in products, processes and services; and finally,the technical, economic and ethical management of automation.Readers will find the most complete and state-of-the-art overview on the implementation, effects and examples of automation in industrial contexts, as well as infrastructure, service, medical and healthcare, home, office and enterprise automation. The book concludes with up-to-date case studies from industrial forerunners. Edited by an internationally renowned and experienced expert and supported by a distinguished advisory board, this Springer Handbook offers a wealth of information for industry practitioners, aspiring engineers and automation experts alike.

Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts.  These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds

This Handbook is the ultimate definitive guide that covers key fundamentals and advanced applications for Additive Manufacturing. The Handbook has been structured into seven sections, comprising of a thorough Introduction to Additive Manufacturing; Design and Data; Processes; Materials; Post-processing, Testing and Inspection; Education and Training; and Applications and Case Study Examples. The general principles and functional relationships are described in each chapter and supplemented with industry use cases. The aim of this book is to help designers, engineers and manufacturers understand the state-of-the-art developments in the field of Additive Manufacturing. Although this book is primarily aimed at students and educators, it will appeal to researchers and industrial professionals working with technology users, machine or component manufacturers to help them make better decisions in the implementation of Additive Manufacturing and its applications.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on Internet of Things, written for practitioners, researchers, and students around the world. This book provides a definitive single point of reference material for all those interested to find out information about the basic technologies and approaches that are used to design and deploy IoT applications across a vast variety of different application fields spanning from smart buildings, smart cities, smart factories, smart farming, building automation, connected vehicles, and machine to machine communication. The book is divided into ten parts, each edited by top experts in the field. The parts include: IoT Basics, IoT Hardware and Components, Architecture and Reference Models, IoT Networks, Standards Overview, IoT Security and Privacy, From Data to Knowledge and Intelligence, Application Domains, Testbeds and Deployment, and End-User Engagement. The contributors are leading authorities in the fields of engineering and represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies.

This Springer Handbook assembles the existing knowledge concerning plastic materials and identifies obstacles and objectives of innovations and technologies that will bring human society closer to the goal of a fully circular economy of plastic materials. Consumers profit everyday from the versatile functionalities of plastic materials, but this diversity also brings a range of challenges: recycling may be costly and laborious, and too many plastic products still end up as waste in the environment.The handbook offers a source of information, a knowledge base, and inspiration for those aiming to create an economy that paves the road for future generations. The editorial board and invited authors represent international key figures from a broad range of disciplines, including chemistry, engineering, material sciences, logistics, data and information sciences, systems engineering, economy and sustainability as well as disciplines related to culture, art, and design. With its diversity, the book aims to fulfil the huge demand for information on novel technologies and legal approaches in politics, industry and society.Key topics include:Development of biodegradable plasticsAdvanced recycling strategiesDesign for recyclabilityLegal and economic perspectivesRole of startups and innovative technologiesNovel business models and business strategiesBy allowing the reader to learn and apply the measures needed for the implementation of a Circular Plastics Economy, the handbook will be of particular interest to innovators, decision-makers, planners, designers, producers in industry, politics, and society as well as consumers, students, teachers, communicators, journalists, and cultural workers.

This Springer Handbook gathers the broad mix of theoretical and applied reliability knowledge needed for engineers, analysts, and scientists from all fields, with examples reflecting the growing importance of the subject in automotive, public transport, electronics, telecommunications, software, and other industries. Reliability is gaining increased public awareness and importance due to design flaws in existing systems such as railways, as well as concerns over other safety-critical systems, such as those used for the disposal of hazardous waste. Reliability is now a key concern during the design stage of most engineering projects.The handbook's chapters have been written by many leading reliability experts in academia and industry, providing comprehensive and authoritative coverage under the supervision of a distinguished international advisory and editorial board to ensure clarity and precision throughout.Reliability has a wide range of applications across various fields of engineering, including civil, mechanical, electronic, electrical, and manufacturing. This definitive Springer Handbook will be read and used as a practical guide and reference by professionals in these industries, as well as by researchers and professors in universities who require a single-volume, comprehensive reference on reliability and its applications.

The Springer Handbook of Chem- and Bioinformatics provides an introduction as well as a detailed description of the application of various techniques used in chemo- and bioinformatics. It covers basic topics such as a discussion of computational techniques used in the predictions of structures, properties, and dynamics of small compounds, macromolecules, and their complexes. Diverse applications of QSAR methods are also revealed. Various chapters offer specifics of current methodologies used by research labs in the pharmaceutical industry for drug design. Modern computational approaches taking advantage of searching big data, using artificial intelligence and machine learning are discussed, while the necessity of applying such advanced novel techniques for bio- and chemo-informatics is revealed.This handbook combines nicely together discussion and assessment of both closely related fields of modern informatics. It is a welcome addition to the university libraries, research institutes, as well as to basic textbook resources of individual researchers. The target audience includes students (both graduate and advanced undergraduate), university researchers, scientists working in private and governmental laboratories as well as a large group of developers from pharmaceutical and medical institutes and related industrial research centers.

The Springer Handbook of Data Engineering is a comprehensive reference on the principles, technologies, and practices for designing, building, and deploying modern data infrastructures. It addresses the engineering foundations required to transform massive, heterogeneous data into actionable knowledge for intelligent systems and data-driven decision-making.This handbook explores the full spectrum of data engineering challenges, from distributed architectures and cloud-based processing to security, governance, and emerging applications. Thus, the handbook supports the creation and operationalization of modern AI tools, which depend on high-quality, secure, and scalable data pipelines. By integrating diverse aspects of modern data ecosystems into a single comprehensive volume, this handbook establishes itself as a unique reference in the field of data engineering.The content is organized into eleven parts, covering networking data and the foundations of distributed systems, advanced data analytics techniques, and high-performance computing for big data processing in cloud environments. It examines specialized domains such as health data and finance data, and addresses critical topics including quality of service, smart contracts, and blockchain technologies. Further sections explore sustainable land management through data-driven approaches, as well as issues of data piracy, integration, architectures, and services. Security is treated in depth, alongside emerging concepts such as digital twins and virtual reality. Finally, the handbook provides comprehensive coverage of data quality, lineage, and governance to ensure integrity and compliance in complex data ecosystems.With contributions from leading experts, it combines theoretical depth with practical insights, making it an indispensable resource for academics, researchers, and professionals.

This Springer Handbook is a comprehensive, all-in-one reference in medical biotechnology. Covering cutting-edge therapies, regulatory frameworks, and industrial applications, this authoritative volume is essential for professionals and researchers in biotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and related fields.Edited and authored by leading international experts, the handbook addresses the growing demand for reliable, up-to-date information on novel biotechnologies. It bridges the gap between academic research and real-world industry practices, making it a valuable resource for scientists, healthcare professionals, students, and decision-makers.Key topics include:Industrial recombinant protein productionBiopharmaceutical formulation and delivery systemsBiological and biosimilar medicinesBiotechnological vaccinesAdvanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs)Gene and cell-based therapies, DNA and RNA therapeutics, and regenerative medicineMachine Learning and AI in precision medicineBiotechnological-based healthcare products and medical devicesBlue and green biotechnologiesThis handbook provides in-depth insights into the challenges of manufacturing biological medicines, the development of innovative therapies, and the application of sustainable, biotechnology-based healthcare solutions. Its multidisciplinary scope and practical relevance make it a cornerstone reference for anyone involved in the future of medical biotechnology.

This handbook is the definitive reference for the interdisciplinary field that is ocean engineering. It integrates the coverage of fundamental and applied material and encompasses a diverse spectrum of systems, concepts and operations in the maritime environment, as well as providing a comprehensive update on contemporary, leading-edge ocean technologies. Coverage includes an overview on the fundamentals of ocean science, ocean signals and instrumentation, coastal structures, developments in ocean energy technologies and ocean vehicles and automation. It aims at practitioners in a range of offshore industries and naval establishments as well as academic researchers and graduate students in ocean, coastal, offshore and marine engineering and naval architecture. The Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering is organized in five parts: Part A: Fundamentals, Part B: Autonomous Ocean Vehicles, Subsystems and Control, Part C: Coastal Design, Part D: Offshore Technologies, Part E: Energy Conversion

The Springer Handbook of Odor is the definitive guide to all aspects related to the study of smell and their impact on human life. For the first time, this handbook aligns the senso-chemo-analytical characterization of everyday smells encountered by mankind, with the elucidation of perceptual, hedonic, behavioral and physiological responses of humans to such odors. From birth onwards we learn to interact with our environment using our sense of smell. Moreover, evolutionary processes have engendered a multi-faceted communication that is supported – even dominated – by olfaction. This compilation examines the responses of humans to odors at different stages of life, thereby building a foundation for a widely overseen area of research with broader ramifications for human life. The expert international authors and editor align aspects, concepts, methodologies and perspectives from a broad range of different disciplines related to the science of smell. These include chemistry, physiology, psychology, material sciences, technology but also disciplines related to linguistics, culture, art and design.This handbook, edited by an internationally renowned aroma scientist with the support of an outstanding team of over 60 authors, is an authoritative reference for researchers in the field of odors both in academia and in industry and is also a useful reference for newcomers to the area.

This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.

The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics.Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

This handbook gathers the full range of statistical techniques and tools required by engineers, analysts and scientists from all fields. The book is a comprehensive place to look for methods and solutions to practical problems within - but not limited to - data science, quality assurance in design and production engineering.  The tools of engineering statistics are relevant for modeling and prediction of products, processes and services, but also for the analysis of ongoing processes, the reliability and life-cycle assessment of products and services, and finally to achieve realistic predictions on how to improve processes and products.  This book contains contributions from around 115 leading experts in statistics, biostatistics, engineering statistics, reliability engineering, and related areas. It covers the various methods as well as their applications from industrial control to failure mechanism and analysis, medicine, businessintelligence, electronic packaging, and risk management. It enables readers to choose the most appropriate method through its wide range of selection of statistical techniques and tools. For the second edition all chapters have been thoroughly updated to reflect the current state-of-the-art. Included are also more than 30 completely new contributions revolving around current trends related to modern statistical computing, including: data science, big data, machine learning, optimization, data fusion, high dimensional data, voting systems, life testing, related statistical artificial intelligence (AI) and reliability physics and failure mode mechanisms.This Springer Handbook of Engineering Statistics provides comprehensive literature with up-to-date statistical methodologies, algorithms, computation methods and tools that can be served as a main reference for researchers, engineers, business analysts, educators and students in all applied fields affected bystatistics.

Acoustics, the science of sound, has developed into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing the academic disciplines of physics, engineering, psychology, speech, audiology, music, architecture, physiology, neuroscience and others. Here is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting this richly interdisciplinary nature edited by one of the acknowledged masters in the field, Thomas Rossing.Researchers and students benefit from the comprehensive contents spanning: animal acoustics including infrasound and ultrasound, environmental noise control, music and human speech and singing, physiological and psychological acoustics, architectural acoustics, physical and engineering acoustics, medical acoustics and ocean acoustics.The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 11 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and two new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.Praise for the first edition:"This treatise is a successful attempt to cover in one book the diverse field of acoustics, which ranges from physics to music and from formal mathematics to technological applications. ... It is this reviewer's opinion that a handbook like Rossing's, which covers the whole field of acoustics, serves a real purpose because it not only gives one a chance to see how one's specialty is covered but it also permits one to make a quick survey of other acoustical areas." (Leo Beranek, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 77 (12), December, 2009)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics falls into that exceptional list. ...every physics department should have a copy available." (John L. Hubisz, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 48, March, 2010)"This handbook is an excellent addition to the acoustics literature. ... The handbook nicely covers both basics and advances in several areas of acoustics. Several chapters provide good mathematical depth, making the handbook useful as a research and technical resource. ...Overall, a very useful educational and research resource. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (M. G. Prasad, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (5), January, 2008)"This book covers a wide range of topics and the inclusion of musical acoustics, computer and electronic music appeal to me (singer, song-writer, performer and recording studio co-owner). This handbook is probably well suited for an undergraduate-level introduction to an acoustics course. ... The wide range of topics, inclusion of music-related chapters, eye-pleasing presentations and other useful features make this a very good book to have on your shelf." (Tim Casey, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 13 (1), 2008)"The Springer Handbook of Acoustics comprises 28 chapters written by 33 authors. The Handbook of Acoustics is useful as a source book for anyone who needs or wants to become familiar with the jargon and issues related to a specific subfield of acoustics ... ." (Robert I. Odom, Siam Review, Vol. 50 (3), 2008)The Springer Handbook of Acoustics reviews the most important areas of acoustics, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, e.g. computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, psychological acoustics, thermoacoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography.This new edition of the Handbook features over 13 revised and expanded chapters, new illustrations and 3 new chapters covering microphone arrays, acoustic metamaterials and acoustic emission. These improvements will make the handbook even more useful as a reference and a guide for researchers and students in every branch of acoustics.

This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology.Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and alsoion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.

This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions.A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact onresearch policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems.Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators.The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on optical networks, the backbone of today’s communication and information society. The book reviews the many underlying technologies that enable the global optical communications infrastructure, but also explains current research trends targeted towards continued capacity scaling and enhanced networking flexibility in support of an unabated traffic growth fueled by ever-emerging new applications. The book is divided into four parts: Optical Subsystems for Transmission and Switching, Core Networks, Datacenter and Super-Computer Networking, and Optical Access and Wireless Networks.Each chapter is written by world-renown experts that represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies. Every chapter provides a complete picture of its field, from entry-level information to a snapshot of the respective state-of-the-art technologies to emerging research trends, providing something useful for the novice who wants to get familiar with the field to the expert who wants to get a concise view of future trends.

This indispensable handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels – from synthesis and characterization to cutting-edge applications and their potential market impact. Built upon Springer’s successful Aerogels Handbook published in 2011, this handbook features extensive revisions and timely updates, reflecting the changes in this fast-growing field. Aerogels are the lightest solids known to man. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density only four times that of air, they possess extraordinarily high thermal, electrical, and acoustic insulation properties, and boast numerous entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to incorporate non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal, and ceramic materials. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation, and household uses are being developed.Readers of this fully updated and expanded edition will find an exhaustive source for all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and the most recent advances towards applications and commercial use. This key reference is essential reading for a combined audience of graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals.

This handbook delivers an up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the broad field of surface science, encompassing a range of important materials such metals, semiconductors, insulators, ultrathin films and supported nanoobjects.Over 100 experts from all branches of experiment and theory review in 39 chapters all major aspects of solid-state surfaces, from basic principles to applications, including the latest, ground-breaking research results. Beginning with the fundamental background of kinetics and thermodynamics at surfaces, the handbook leads the reader through the basics of crystallographic structures and electronic properties, to the advanced topics at the forefront of current research. These include but are not limited to novel applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanical devices, plasmonics, carbon films, catalysis,  and biology.The handbook is an ideal reference guide and instructional aid for a wide range of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers active throughout academic and industrial research.

This comprehensive Springer Handbook covers all major areas encompassed by the broad field of mechanical engineering. This second, substantially updated edition with many new chapters provides easily accessible but authoritative information in a clear structure. The book starts with concise chapters that cover the most important fundamentals of mathematics, mechanics and thermodynamics needed specifically in the engineering disciplines.  It then provides a holistic description of the most relevant materials in engineering, including a discussion of mechanical and physical properties on the microscopic as well as the macroscopic scale. Additional chapters put special emphasis on corrosion, tribology and inspection.  Manufacturing techniques and machining processes, from traditional casting and forming to state-of-the-art precision machining on the microscopic scale are also extensively covered. An extra chapter focuses on quality control.  Contents continue with in depth descriptions of machine and system design, from machine elements over engineering design for piston machines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, turbomachinery and construction machines.  A completely new part is dedicated to the various areas of industries in mobility on ground, air and water.  A brief outlook into related fields of electrical engineering and power generation provides an ideal starting point for the practitioner venturing in these areas.  The book concludes with an annex summarizing important key data for practical reference in the day-to-day work of an engineer. Written by distinguished experts from industry and academia, this comprehensive Springer Handbook provides authoritative and state-of-the-art information of international validity for the professional engineer and those to be.

This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts  present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both  ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part  provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks.Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.

This handbook provides an exhaustive, one-stop reference and a state-of-the-art description of geographic information and its use. This new, substantially updated edition presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of geographic information systems. Designed to be a useful and readable desk reference book, but also prepared in various electronic formats, this title allows fast yet comprehensive review and easy retrieval of essential reliable key information. The Springer Handbook of Geographic Information is divided into three parts. Part A, Basics and Computer Science, provides an overview on the fundamentals, including descriptions of databases and encoding of geographic information. It also covers the underlying mathematical and statistics methods and modeling. A new chapter exemplifies the emerging use and analysis of big data in a geographic context. Part B offers rigorous descriptions of gathering, processing and coding of geographic information in a standardized way to allow interoperable use in a variety of systems; from traditional methods such as geodesy and surveying to state-of-the-art remote sensing and photogrammetry; from cartography to geospatial web services. Discussions on geosemantic interoperability and security of open distributed geospatial information systems complete the comprehensive coverage.  The final part describes a wide array of applications in science, industry and society at large, such as agriculture, defense, transportation, energy and utilities, health and human services. The part is enhanced by new chapters on smart cities and building information modeling, as well as a complete overview of the currently available open-source geographic information systems. Using standardized international terminology, in accordance with ISO/TC 211 and INSPIRE, this handbook facilitates collaboration between different disciplines and is a must have for practitioners and new comers in industry and academia.

The handbook comprehensively covers the field of inorganic photochemistry from the fundamentals to the main applications. The first section of the book describes the historical development of inorganic photochemistry, along with the fundamentals related to this multidisciplinary scientific field. The main experimental techniques employed in state-of-art studies are described in detail in the second section followed by a third section including theoretical investigations in the field. In the next three sections, the photophysical and photochemical properties of coordination compounds, supramolecular systems and inorganic semiconductors are summarized by experts on these materials. Finally, the application of photoactive inorganic compounds in key sectors of our society is highlighted. The sections cover applications in bioimaging and sensing, drug delivery and cancer therapy, solar energy conversion to electricity and fuels, organic synthesis, environmental remediation and optoelectronics among others. The chapters provide a concise overview of the main achievements in the recent years and highlight the challenges for future research. This handbook offers a unique compilation for practitioners of inorganic photochemistry in both industry and academia.

The Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality presents a comprehensive and authoritative guide to augmented reality (AR) technology, its numerous applications, and its intersection with emerging technologies. This book traces the history of AR from its early development, discussing the fundamentals of AR and its associated science.The handbook begins by presenting the development of AR over the last few years, mentioning the key pioneers and important milestones. It then moves to the fundamentals and principles of AR, such as photogrammetry, optics, motion and objects tracking, and marker-based and marker-less registration. The book discusses both software toolkits and techniques and hardware related to AR, before presenting the applications of AR. This includes both end-user applications like education and cultural heritage, and professional applications within engineering fields, medicine and architecture, amongst others. The book concludes with the convergence of AR with other emerging technologies, such as Industrial Internet of Things and Digital Twins. The handbook presents a comprehensive reference on AR technology from an academic, industrial and commercial perspective, making it an invaluable resource for audiences from a variety of backgrounds.

This Handbook presents a complete and rigorous overview of the fundamentals, methods and applications of the multidisciplinary field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), providing an exhaustive, one-stop reference work and a state-of-the-art description of GNSS as a key technology for science and society at large. All global and regional satellite navigation systems, both those currently in operation and those under development (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS/NAVIC, SBAS), are examined in detail. The functional principles of receivers and antennas, as well as the advanced algorithms and models for GNSS parameter estimation, are rigorously discussed.  The book covers the broad and diverse range of land, marine, air and space applications, from everyday GNSS to high-precision scientific applications and provides detailed descriptions of the most widely used GNSS format standards, covering receiver formats as well as IGS product and meta-data formats.The full coverage of the field of GNSS is presented in seven parts, from its fundamentals, through the treatment of global and regional navigation satellite systems, of receivers and antennas, and of algorithms and models, up to the broad and diverse range of applications in the areas of positioning and navigation, surveying, geodesy and geodynamics, and remote sensing and timing. Each chapter is written by international experts and amply illustrated with figures and photographs, making the book an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, students and institutions alike.

This handbook comprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field from atomic spectroscopy to applications to comets and global change. Its 91 chapters are written by over 100 authors, all leaders in their respective disciplines.Carefully edited to ensure a uniform coverage and style and with extensive cross references, together with a guide to the primary research literature, it is both a source of information and an inspiration for graduate students and other researchers new to the field. All chapters offer diagrams of apparatus, graphs, and tables of data.Twenty-seven years on since the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Handbook was first published, and sixteen years since the publication of the revised Springer edition, the Springer AMO Physics Handbook has become a standard reference in the field, and a starting point for generations of graduate students. In recent years, there have been dramatic advances in many areas of AMO physics involving both fundamental changes and new applications in areas such as quantum information, ultracold atoms, and searches for dark matter. This new edition contains an expanded coverage of these rapidly emerging fields.

This Springer Handbook comprehensively covers the topic of semiconductor devices, embracing all aspects from theoretical background to fabrication, modeling, and applications.Nearly 100 leading scientists from industry and academia were selected to write the handbook's chapters, which were conceived for professionals and practitioners, material scientists, physicists and electrical engineers working at universities, industrial R&D, and manufacturers.Starting from the description of the relevant technological aspects and fabrication steps, the handbook proceeds with a section fully devoted to the main conventional semiconductor devices like, e.g., bipolar transistors and MOS capacitors and transistors, used in the production of the standard integrated circuits, and the corresponding physical models. In the subsequent chapters, the scaling issues of the semiconductor-device technology are addressed, followed by the description of novel concept-based semiconductor devices. The last section illustrates the numerical simulation methods ranging from the fabrication processes to the device performances.Each chapter is self-contained, and refers to related topics treated in other chapters when necessary, so that the reader interested in a specific subject can easily identify a personal reading path through the vast contents of the handbook.

This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards.Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition of the bestselling Springer Handbook of Automation provides the most advanced, comprehensive, and balanced coverage of the technical and engineering aspects of automation.Starting with a holistic discussion on the history and societal impacts of automation, the book provides the tools to understand, design and implement automation solutions. This includes:the scientific foundations, from traditional control theory to the latest developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning;the technical aspects of automation design, from hardware such as mechatronics and sensors to cyber-physical systems and human-machine interaction, to collaborative automation;the methods of automation integration in products, processes and services; and finally,the technical, economic and ethical management of automation.Readers will find the most complete and state-of-the-art overview on the implementation, effects and examples of automation in industrial contexts, as well as infrastructure, service, medical and healthcare, home, office and enterprise automation. The book concludes with up-to-date case studies from industrial forerunners. Edited by an internationally renowned and experienced expert and supported by a distinguished advisory board, this Springer Handbook offers a wealth of information for industry practitioners, aspiring engineers and automation experts alike.

Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts.  These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds

This Handbook is the ultimate definitive guide that covers key fundamentals and advanced applications for Additive Manufacturing. The Handbook has been structured into seven sections, comprising of a thorough Introduction to Additive Manufacturing; Design and Data; Processes; Materials; Post-processing, Testing and Inspection; Education and Training; and Applications and Case Study Examples. The general principles and functional relationships are described in each chapter and supplemented with industry use cases. The aim of this book is to help designers, engineers and manufacturers understand the state-of-the-art developments in the field of Additive Manufacturing. Although this book is primarily aimed at students and educators, it will appeal to researchers and industrial professionals working with technology users, machine or component manufacturers to help them make better decisions in the implementation of Additive Manufacturing and its applications.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on Internet of Things, written for practitioners, researchers, and students around the world. This book provides a definitive single point of reference material for all those interested to find out information about the basic technologies and approaches that are used to design and deploy IoT applications across a vast variety of different application fields spanning from smart buildings, smart cities, smart factories, smart farming, building automation, connected vehicles, and machine to machine communication. The book is divided into ten parts, each edited by top experts in the field. The parts include: IoT Basics, IoT Hardware and Components, Architecture and Reference Models, IoT Networks, Standards Overview, IoT Security and Privacy, From Data to Knowledge and Intelligence, Application Domains, Testbeds and Deployment, and End-User Engagement. The contributors are leading authorities in the fields of engineering and represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies.

This Springer Handbook assembles the existing knowledge concerning plastic materials and identifies obstacles and objectives of innovations and technologies that will bring human society closer to the goal of a fully circular economy of plastic materials. Consumers profit everyday from the versatile functionalities of plastic materials, but this diversity also brings a range of challenges: recycling may be costly and laborious, and too many plastic products still end up as waste in the environment.The handbook offers a source of information, a knowledge base, and inspiration for those aiming to create an economy that paves the road for future generations. The editorial board and invited authors represent international key figures from a broad range of disciplines, including chemistry, engineering, material sciences, logistics, data and information sciences, systems engineering, economy and sustainability as well as disciplines related to culture, art, and design. With its diversity, the book aims to fulfil the huge demand for information on novel technologies and legal approaches in politics, industry and society.Key topics include:Development of biodegradable plasticsAdvanced recycling strategiesDesign for recyclabilityLegal and economic perspectivesRole of startups and innovative technologiesNovel business models and business strategiesBy allowing the reader to learn and apply the measures needed for the implementation of a Circular Plastics Economy, the handbook will be of particular interest to innovators, decision-makers, planners, designers, producers in industry, politics, and society as well as consumers, students, teachers, communicators, journalists, and cultural workers.

This Springer Handbook gathers the broad mix of theoretical and applied reliability knowledge needed for engineers, analysts, and scientists from all fields, with examples reflecting the growing importance of the subject in automotive, public transport, electronics, telecommunications, software, and other industries. Reliability is gaining increased public awareness and importance due to design flaws in existing systems such as railways, as well as concerns over other safety-critical systems, such as those used for the disposal of hazardous waste. Reliability is now a key concern during the design stage of most engineering projects.The handbook's chapters have been written by many leading reliability experts in academia and industry, providing comprehensive and authoritative coverage under the supervision of a distinguished international advisory and editorial board to ensure clarity and precision throughout.Reliability has a wide range of applications across various fields of engineering, including civil, mechanical, electronic, electrical, and manufacturing. This definitive Springer Handbook will be read and used as a practical guide and reference by professionals in these industries, as well as by researchers and professors in universities who require a single-volume, comprehensive reference on reliability and its applications.

The Springer Handbook of Chem- and Bioinformatics provides an introduction as well as a detailed description of the application of various techniques used in chemo- and bioinformatics. It covers basic topics such as a discussion of computational techniques used in the predictions of structures, properties, and dynamics of small compounds, macromolecules, and their complexes. Diverse applications of QSAR methods are also revealed. Various chapters offer specifics of current methodologies used by research labs in the pharmaceutical industry for drug design. Modern computational approaches taking advantage of searching big data, using artificial intelligence and machine learning are discussed, while the necessity of applying such advanced novel techniques for bio- and chemo-informatics is revealed.This handbook combines nicely together discussion and assessment of both closely related fields of modern informatics. It is a welcome addition to the university libraries, research institutes, as well as to basic textbook resources of individual researchers. The target audience includes students (both graduate and advanced undergraduate), university researchers, scientists working in private and governmental laboratories as well as a large group of developers from pharmaceutical and medical institutes and related industrial research centers.

The Springer Handbook of Data Engineering is a comprehensive reference on the principles, technologies, and practices for designing, building, and deploying modern data infrastructures. It addresses the engineering foundations required to transform massive, heterogeneous data into actionable knowledge for intelligent systems and data-driven decision-making.This handbook explores the full spectrum of data engineering challenges, from distributed architectures and cloud-based processing to security, governance, and emerging applications. Thus, the handbook supports the creation and operationalization of modern AI tools, which depend on high-quality, secure, and scalable data pipelines. By integrating diverse aspects of modern data ecosystems into a single comprehensive volume, this handbook establishes itself as a unique reference in the field of data engineering.The content is organized into eleven parts, covering networking data and the foundations of distributed systems, advanced data analytics techniques, and high-performance computing for big data processing in cloud environments. It examines specialized domains such as health data and finance data, and addresses critical topics including quality of service, smart contracts, and blockchain technologies. Further sections explore sustainable land management through data-driven approaches, as well as issues of data piracy, integration, architectures, and services. Security is treated in depth, alongside emerging concepts such as digital twins and virtual reality. Finally, the handbook provides comprehensive coverage of data quality, lineage, and governance to ensure integrity and compliance in complex data ecosystems.With contributions from leading experts, it combines theoretical depth with practical insights, making it an indispensable resource for academics, researchers, and professionals.

This Springer Handbook is a comprehensive, all-in-one reference in medical biotechnology. Covering cutting-edge therapies, regulatory frameworks, and industrial applications, this authoritative volume is essential for professionals and researchers in biotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and related fields.Edited and authored by leading international experts, the handbook addresses the growing demand for reliable, up-to-date information on novel biotechnologies. It bridges the gap between academic research and real-world industry practices, making it a valuable resource for scientists, healthcare professionals, students, and decision-makers.Key topics include:Industrial recombinant protein productionBiopharmaceutical formulation and delivery systemsBiological and biosimilar medicinesBiotechnological vaccinesAdvanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs)Gene and cell-based therapies, DNA and RNA therapeutics, and regenerative medicineMachine Learning and AI in precision medicineBiotechnological-based healthcare products and medical devicesBlue and green biotechnologiesThis handbook provides in-depth insights into the challenges of manufacturing biological medicines, the development of innovative therapies, and the application of sustainable, biotechnology-based healthcare solutions. Its multidisciplinary scope and practical relevance make it a cornerstone reference for anyone involved in the future of medical biotechnology.

This handbook is the definitive reference for the interdisciplinary field that is ocean engineering. It integrates the coverage of fundamental and applied material and encompasses a diverse spectrum of systems, concepts and operations in the maritime environment, as well as providing a comprehensive update on contemporary, leading-edge ocean technologies. Coverage includes an overview on the fundamentals of ocean science, ocean signals and instrumentation, coastal structures, developments in ocean energy technologies and ocean vehicles and automation. It aims at practitioners in a range of offshore industries and naval establishments as well as academic researchers and graduate students in ocean, coastal, offshore and marine engineering and naval architecture. The Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering is organized in five parts: Part A: Fundamentals, Part B: Autonomous Ocean Vehicles, Subsystems and Control, Part C: Coastal Design, Part D: Offshore Technologies, Part E: Energy Conversion

The Springer Handbook of Odor is the definitive guide to all aspects related to the study of smell and their impact on human life. For the first time, this handbook aligns the senso-chemo-analytical characterization of everyday smells encountered by mankind, with the elucidation of perceptual, hedonic, behavioral and physiological responses of humans to such odors. From birth onwards we learn to interact with our environment using our sense of smell. Moreover, evolutionary processes have engendered a multi-faceted communication that is supported – even dominated – by olfaction. This compilation examines the responses of humans to odors at different stages of life, thereby building a foundation for a widely overseen area of research with broader ramifications for human life. The expert international authors and editor align aspects, concepts, methodologies and perspectives from a broad range of different disciplines related to the science of smell. These include chemistry, physiology, psychology, material sciences, technology but also disciplines related to linguistics, culture, art and design.This handbook, edited by an internationally renowned aroma scientist with the support of an outstanding team of over 60 authors, is an authoritative reference for researchers in the field of odors both in academia and in industry and is also a useful reference for newcomers to the area.

This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.