Sir Daniel Bethlehem KC is a barrister practising in the field of public international law from Chambers in London. From May 2006 to May 2011, he was the principal Legal Adviser of the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Prior to this, in parallel with his Bar practice, he was the Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Before moving to Cambridge, Daniel lectured in international law at the London School of Economics. Amongst other specialist subjects, Daniel taught a long-standing graduate course on the WTO and international trade law.Donald McRae has held faculty positions at University of Otago, University of Western Ontario, University of British Columbia and University of Ottawa, teaching Law of Contracts, International Law, International Organizations, Law of the Sea, International Trade Law. He was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2002, a Companion of the Order of Canada in 2014, ana an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2017. Donald is also an ad hoc judge in the ICJ, counsel in various law of the sea, trade and investment arbitrations.Rodney Neufeld is counsel in the Trade Law Bureau of the Government of Canada, where he defends Canada in trade and investment disputes and represents Canada at the WTO and in trade and investment negotiations, including TPP, NAFTA and Investor-State Dispute Settlement Reform in UNCITRAL. He has taught international law, international economic law, and international institutions at the Universities of Ottawa and Carleton.Isabelle Van Damme is a Partner at Van Bael & Bellis, with a practice covering WTO law, EU law and public international law. Isabelle also serves as the Executive Vice-President of the Society of International Economic Law and teaches EU trade law and policy at the College of Europe in Bruges. She previously worked as a référendaire in the chambers of Advocate General Sharpston at the Court of Justice of the European Union and taught at the University of Cambridge. Isabelle regularly advises governments and industry and represents States and individuals before international and regional courts and tribunals, including WTO panels, the Appellate Body and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Notable assignments relate to the essential security exception, climate change mitigation, EU and UN sanctions, Brexit, State aid, the territorial scope of application of treaties and investment. Isabelle also assist clients with all aspects of FTA negotiations, implementation and dispute settlement.

• 1: The Editors: Introduction Part I: The Regulation of International Trade 2: Donald McRae: The Development of the Regulation of International Trade: the Past and the Future 3: Kamal Saggi and Simon Schropp: The Regulation of International Trade: An Economic Perspective 4: Matthew Kennedy: The Sources of International Law 5: James Flett and Mislav Mataija: International Trade Law Institutions 6: James Crawford and Freya Baetens: The Influence of International Trade Law on International Law 7: Manfred Elsig: The Regulation of International Trade and (Democratic) Legitimacy Part II: Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements 8: Robert Brookfield and Lori Di Pierdomenico: North American Trade: NAFTA and US-caused Global Trade Tensions 9: Yuka Fukunaga and Pasha L. Hsieh: Pacific Trade 10: Sylvie Tabet and Colin M. Brown: Trans-Atlantic Trade; the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union and its Member States 11: Holger P. Hestermeyer: European Trade 12: Jorge Luis Changanaquí Miranda and John Ramiro Cusipuma Frisancho: International Trade Policy in Latin America (Pacific Alliance - MERCOSUR) 13: Henry Gao: China, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 14: Marina Trunk-Fedorova: Eurasian Economic Union, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 15: Kholofelo Kugler and Mulualem Getachew Adgeh: Africa, Trade, and Investment Liberalization Part III: Substantive Law 16: Katherine Connolly and Nicolas Lockhart: An Introduction to Core Principles of International Trade Law 17: Ricardo Ramírez-Hernández: Trade in Goods 18: Chantal Ononaiwu: Trade in Services 19: Irene Calboli: Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property 20: Fiona Smith: Trade in Agriculture 21: Hugo Perezcano Díaz: Trade Remedies in International Trade Part IV: Balancing Trade and Non-Trade Objectives 22: Jan Yves Remy and Alicia Nicholls: Development, Aid, and Preferential Systems 23: Marcus Gustafsson and Amrita Bahri: Progressive Trade: Labour and Gender 24: Jayashree Watal: Balancing Market and Non-Market Objectives: Access to Medicines 25: Damilola S. Olawuyi: Environment 26: Marsha A. Echols: Food Safety: Balancing SPS Scientific Principles and Article XX(b) Sovereignty 27: Isabelle Van Damme: National Security 28: Mira Burri: Privacy and Data Protection Part V: International Trade Law Development Beyond the WTO 29: Shin-Yi Peng: Digital Trade 30: Juliana Nam: State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): a Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement Experience in Developing New Disciplines in the New World Order 31: Margaret A. Young: Fisheries 32: Rodney Neufeld: Investment Law's Monstrous Reform 33: Rosa Lastra and Marco Bodellini: Financial Services Law Part VI: The Settlement of Trade Disputes in the WTO and Bilateral/Regional Trade Agreements 34: David Unterhalter and Erika Schneidereit: Institutions 35: Peter Van den Bossche and Parika Ganeriwal: Interpretation 36: Lorand Bartels: Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in the WTO and Free Trade Agreements 37: Geraldo Vidigal: Remedies and Compliance 38: Andreas Sennekamp and Federico Ortino: Procedural and Evidentiary Issues 39: Katherine Connolly and Todd Friedbacher: Stakeholders in International Trade Law Dispute Settlement 40: Amy Porges: Alternative Dispute Settlement in the GATT and WTO Part VII: Conclusion 41: Daniel Bethlehem: Concluding Chapter

Sir Daniel Bethlehem KC is a barrister practising in the field of public international law from Chambers in London. From May 2006 to May 2011, he was the principal Legal Adviser of the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Prior to this, in parallel with his Bar practice, he was the Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Before moving to Cambridge, Daniel lectured in international law at the London School of Economics. Amongst other specialist subjects, Daniel taught a long-standing graduate course on the WTO and international trade law.Donald McRae has held faculty positions at University of Otago, University of Western Ontario, University of British Columbia and University of Ottawa, teaching Law of Contracts, International Law, International Organizations, Law of the Sea, International Trade Law. He was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2002, a Companion of the Order of Canada in 2014, ana an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2017. Donald is also an ad hoc judge in the ICJ, counsel in various law of the sea, trade and investment arbitrations.Rodney Neufeld is counsel in the Trade Law Bureau of the Government of Canada, where he defends Canada in trade and investment disputes and represents Canada at the WTO and in trade and investment negotiations, including TPP, NAFTA and Investor-State Dispute Settlement Reform in UNCITRAL. He has taught international law, international economic law, and international institutions at the Universities of Ottawa and Carleton.Isabelle Van Damme is a Partner at Van Bael & Bellis, with a practice covering WTO law, EU law and public international law. Isabelle also serves as the Executive Vice-President of the Society of International Economic Law and teaches EU trade law and policy at the College of Europe in Bruges. She previously worked as a référendaire in the chambers of Advocate General Sharpston at the Court of Justice of the European Union and taught at the University of Cambridge. Isabelle regularly advises governments and industry and represents States and individuals before international and regional courts and tribunals, including WTO panels, the Appellate Body and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Notable assignments relate to the essential security exception, climate change mitigation, EU and UN sanctions, Brexit, State aid, the territorial scope of application of treaties and investment. Isabelle also assist clients with all aspects of FTA negotiations, implementation and dispute settlement.

• 1: The Editors: Introduction Part I: The Regulation of International Trade 2: Donald McRae: The Development of the Regulation of International Trade: the Past and the Future 3: Kamal Saggi and Simon Schropp: The Regulation of International Trade: An Economic Perspective 4: Matthew Kennedy: The Sources of International Law 5: James Flett and Mislav Mataija: International Trade Law Institutions 6: James Crawford and Freya Baetens: The Influence of International Trade Law on International Law 7: Manfred Elsig: The Regulation of International Trade and (Democratic) Legitimacy Part II: Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements 8: Robert Brookfield and Lori Di Pierdomenico: North American Trade: NAFTA and US-caused Global Trade Tensions 9: Yuka Fukunaga and Pasha L. Hsieh: Pacific Trade 10: Sylvie Tabet and Colin M. Brown: Trans-Atlantic Trade; the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union and its Member States 11: Holger P. Hestermeyer: European Trade 12: Jorge Luis Changanaquí Miranda and John Ramiro Cusipuma Frisancho: International Trade Policy in Latin America (Pacific Alliance - MERCOSUR) 13: Henry Gao: China, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 14: Marina Trunk-Fedorova: Eurasian Economic Union, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 15: Kholofelo Kugler and Mulualem Getachew Adgeh: Africa, Trade, and Investment Liberalization Part III: Substantive Law 16: Katherine Connolly and Nicolas Lockhart: An Introduction to Core Principles of International Trade Law 17: Ricardo Ramírez-Hernández: Trade in Goods 18: Chantal Ononaiwu: Trade in Services 19: Irene Calboli: Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property 20: Fiona Smith: Trade in Agriculture 21: Hugo Perezcano Díaz: Trade Remedies in International Trade Part IV: Balancing Trade and Non-Trade Objectives 22: Jan Yves Remy and Alicia Nicholls: Development, Aid, and Preferential Systems 23: Marcus Gustafsson and Amrita Bahri: Progressive Trade: Labour and Gender 24: Jayashree Watal: Balancing Market and Non-Market Objectives: Access to Medicines 25: Damilola S. Olawuyi: Environment 26: Marsha A. Echols: Food Safety: Balancing SPS Scientific Principles and Article XX(b) Sovereignty 27: Isabelle Van Damme: National Security 28: Mira Burri: Privacy and Data Protection Part V: International Trade Law Development Beyond the WTO 29: Shin-Yi Peng: Digital Trade 30: Juliana Nam: State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): a Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement Experience in Developing New Disciplines in the New World Order 31: Margaret A. Young: Fisheries 32: Rodney Neufeld: Investment Law's Monstrous Reform 33: Rosa Lastra and Marco Bodellini: Financial Services Law Part VI: The Settlement of Trade Disputes in the WTO and Bilateral/Regional Trade Agreements 34: David Unterhalter and Erika Schneidereit: Institutions 35: Peter Van den Bossche and Parika Ganeriwal: Interpretation 36: Lorand Bartels: Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in the WTO and Free Trade Agreements 37: Geraldo Vidigal: Remedies and Compliance 38: Andreas Sennekamp and Federico Ortino: Procedural and Evidentiary Issues 39: Katherine Connolly and Todd Friedbacher: Stakeholders in International Trade Law Dispute Settlement 40: Amy Porges: Alternative Dispute Settlement in the GATT and WTO Part VII: Conclusion 41: Daniel Bethlehem: Concluding Chapter

Sir Daniel Bethlehem KC is a barrister practising in the field of public international law from Chambers in London. From May 2006 to May 2011, he was the principal Legal Adviser of the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Prior to this, in parallel with his Bar practice, he was the Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Before moving to Cambridge, Daniel lectured in international law at the London School of Economics. Amongst other specialist subjects, Daniel taught a long-standing graduate course on the WTO and international trade law.Donald McRae has held faculty positions at University of Otago, University of Western Ontario, University of British Columbia and University of Ottawa, teaching Law of Contracts, International Law, International Organizations, Law of the Sea, International Trade Law. He was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2002, a Companion of the Order of Canada in 2014, ana an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2017. Donald is also an ad hoc judge in the ICJ, counsel in various law of the sea, trade and investment arbitrations.Rodney Neufeld is counsel in the Trade Law Bureau of the Government of Canada, where he defends Canada in trade and investment disputes and represents Canada at the WTO and in trade and investment negotiations, including TPP, NAFTA and Investor-State Dispute Settlement Reform in UNCITRAL. He has taught international law, international economic law, and international institutions at the Universities of Ottawa and Carleton.Isabelle Van Damme is a Partner at Van Bael & Bellis, with a practice covering WTO law, EU law and public international law. Isabelle also serves as the Executive Vice-President of the Society of International Economic Law and teaches EU trade law and policy at the College of Europe in Bruges. She previously worked as a référendaire in the chambers of Advocate General Sharpston at the Court of Justice of the European Union and taught at the University of Cambridge. Isabelle regularly advises governments and industry and represents States and individuals before international and regional courts and tribunals, including WTO panels, the Appellate Body and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Notable assignments relate to the essential security exception, climate change mitigation, EU and UN sanctions, Brexit, State aid, the territorial scope of application of treaties and investment. Isabelle also assist clients with all aspects of FTA negotiations, implementation and dispute settlement.

• 1: The Editors: Introduction Part I: The Regulation of International Trade 2: Donald McRae: The Development of the Regulation of International Trade: the Past and the Future 3: Kamal Saggi and Simon Schropp: The Regulation of International Trade: An Economic Perspective 4: Matthew Kennedy: The Sources of International Law 5: James Flett and Mislav Mataija: International Trade Law Institutions 6: James Crawford and Freya Baetens: The Influence of International Trade Law on International Law 7: Manfred Elsig: The Regulation of International Trade and (Democratic) Legitimacy Part II: Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements 8: Robert Brookfield and Lori Di Pierdomenico: North American Trade: NAFTA and US-caused Global Trade Tensions 9: Yuka Fukunaga and Pasha L. Hsieh: Pacific Trade 10: Sylvie Tabet and Colin M. Brown: Trans-Atlantic Trade; the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union and its Member States 11: Holger P. Hestermeyer: European Trade 12: Jorge Luis Changanaquí Miranda and John Ramiro Cusipuma Frisancho: International Trade Policy in Latin America (Pacific Alliance - MERCOSUR) 13: Henry Gao: China, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 14: Marina Trunk-Fedorova: Eurasian Economic Union, Trade, and Investment Liberalization 15: Kholofelo Kugler and Mulualem Getachew Adgeh: Africa, Trade, and Investment Liberalization Part III: Substantive Law 16: Katherine Connolly and Nicolas Lockhart: An Introduction to Core Principles of International Trade Law 17: Ricardo Ramírez-Hernández: Trade in Goods 18: Chantal Ononaiwu: Trade in Services 19: Irene Calboli: Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property 20: Fiona Smith: Trade in Agriculture 21: Hugo Perezcano Díaz: Trade Remedies in International Trade Part IV: Balancing Trade and Non-Trade Objectives 22: Jan Yves Remy and Alicia Nicholls: Development, Aid, and Preferential Systems 23: Marcus Gustafsson and Amrita Bahri: Progressive Trade: Labour and Gender 24: Jayashree Watal: Balancing Market and Non-Market Objectives: Access to Medicines 25: Damilola S. Olawuyi: Environment 26: Marsha A. Echols: Food Safety: Balancing SPS Scientific Principles and Article XX(b) Sovereignty 27: Isabelle Van Damme: National Security 28: Mira Burri: Privacy and Data Protection Part V: International Trade Law Development Beyond the WTO 29: Shin-Yi Peng: Digital Trade 30: Juliana Nam: State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): a Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement Experience in Developing New Disciplines in the New World Order 31: Margaret A. Young: Fisheries 32: Rodney Neufeld: Investment Law's Monstrous Reform 33: Rosa Lastra and Marco Bodellini: Financial Services Law Part VI: The Settlement of Trade Disputes in the WTO and Bilateral/Regional Trade Agreements 34: David Unterhalter and Erika Schneidereit: Institutions 35: Peter Van den Bossche and Parika Ganeriwal: Interpretation 36: Lorand Bartels: Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in the WTO and Free Trade Agreements 37: Geraldo Vidigal: Remedies and Compliance 38: Andreas Sennekamp and Federico Ortino: Procedural and Evidentiary Issues 39: Katherine Connolly and Todd Friedbacher: Stakeholders in International Trade Law Dispute Settlement 40: Amy Porges: Alternative Dispute Settlement in the GATT and WTO Part VII: Conclusion 41: Daniel Bethlehem: Concluding Chapter