Marlene Laruelle, Ph.D., is Research Professor of International Affairs and Political Science at the Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. She is also Director of the Illiberalism Studies Program at GW and the former director of the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (IERES). Trained in political philosophy, she explores the notion of illiberalism and how nationalism and conservative values are becoming mainstream in different cultural contexts. She has been working on Russia's ideological landscape and its outreach abroad for more than two decades. She is now working on the grassroots mechanisms underpinning the popular support given to illiberal projects, as well as the cultural products and social practices that structure illiberal communities in Europe and in the United States.

• AcknowledgmentsAbout the Volume EditorList of ContributorsIntroduction Section I: Conceptualizing Illiberalism and Its Companions 1. Illiberalism and ConservatismEdmund Fawcett2. Illiberalism and AuthoritarianismJulian G. Waller3. Populism as Democratic IlliberalismTakis S. Pappas4. Genealogies of IlliberalismMihai Varga and Aron Buzogány5. Illiberalism as a CultureJan Kubik Section II: The False Dichotomy: Liberalism's Entanglement with Illiberalism 6. Illiberalism of Their Own Making? A Post-Liberal Critique of Illiberalism ResearchPhilipp Lottholz7. Ghosts of Liberalism Past: Authoritarianism and Nationalism in the Liberal TraditionAnatol Lieven8. Neoliberalism and Its OthersReijer Hendrikse9. Illiberalism and Fear: The Crisis of Political Legitimacy in Western Liberal DemocraciesNatalie Doyle 10. Illiberalism in Liberal DemocraciesJasper Theodor Kauth11. Corona and the Left: Toward a Post-Ideological TotalitarianismTove Soiland12. Is There a Left-Wing Illiberalism?Emmy Eklundh13. An Illiberal Left? Assessing Current Anti-Pluralist Political Practices in the WestEszter Kováts Section III: Illiberal Intersectionalities: Religion, Gender, Identity 14. Magical Thinking and Political Myths: Great Replacement versus CreolizationPierre-André Taguieff15. Christianity and Illiberal PoliticsAnja Hennig16. Gendering Illiberal PoliticsAgnieszka Graff and Elzbieta Korolczuk17. Illiberalism and IslamGulnaz Sibgatullina18. Illiberal Memory PoliticsMaria Mälksoo Section IV: Illiberalism and the Economy: Globalization and Backlash 19. Political Economy of IlliberalismMaria Snegovaya20. Consuming the State: Illiberalism, Protests, and Demands for Redistribution in KazakhstanDiana Kudaibergenova21. The Trajectory of Illiberal BacklashMarco Garrido22. The Illiberalism of Fox News: Theorizing Nationalism and Populism Through the Case of Conservative America's Number One News SourceReece Peck23. Illiberalism, Left-Wing Populism, and Popular Sovereignty in Latin AmericaJulio F. Carrión Section V: Illiberalism in Power: Regimes and Ideology 24. Autocratization-Not an "Illiberal Turn"Matthew C. Wilson, Amanda B. Edgell, Yuko Sato, Vanessa Boese-Schlosser, and Staffan I. Lindberg25. Illiberal Constitutionalism in Central and Eastern European StatesTímea Drinóczi and Agnieszka Bien-Kacala26. From Backsliding to Illiberalism and Beyond: Law and Regressive Political Change in Brazil, India, and South AfricaFabio de Sa e Silva27. Illiberalism as a Key to De-Democratization: The Case of TurkeyElise Massicard28. Facets of India's IlliberalismChristophe Jaffrelot29. Contending Illiberalisms in the People's Republic of ChinaEva Pils30. Biopolitics and Illiberalism: A Critical Approach to Putin's RussiaAlexandra Yatsyk Section VI: Illiberalism and the World: The Global (Dis)Order 31. The International Politics of IlliberalismHadas Aron and Jack Snyder32. The Illiberal Global Politics of Religions and CivilizationsGregorio Bettiza33. Illiberal Peace? Illiberalism in Peacebuilding, Mediation, and Conflict ResolutionDavid Lewis34. Illiberalism in the Global South and the Rise of China and RussiaErica Marat Section VII: Beyond the Strong Leader: The Grassroots Actors of Illiberalism 35. Illiberal Revolts: On Grassroots Theorizing and Practicing of IlliberalismAgniezska Pasieka and David C. Petruccelli36. Grassroots Origins of Russia's IlliberalismIvan Grek37. Illiberal Think TanksKatarzyna Jezierska38. Transnational Illiberal NetworksKristina Stoeckl and Phillip Ayoub39. Media and IlliberalismVáclav Stetka and Sabina Mihelj Section VIII: Thinking Illiberalism: Intellectual Traditions and Renaissances 40. Illiberalism in the Doctrine of the Catholic Church and in the Works of Catholic Authors (19th-20th Centuries)Jean-Yves Camus41. Three Faces of PostliberalismAdrian Pabst42. American Illiberal ThinkersJoshua (Josh) Tait43. The Role of Éric Zemmour in the "Right-Wingization" of FrancePérine Schir44. The Illiberalism(s) of Polish Conservative IntellectualsValentin Behr45. Russia's Illiberal ConservatismKatharina Bluhm

Marlene Laruelle, Ph.D., is Research Professor of International Affairs and Political Science at the Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. She is also Director of the Illiberalism Studies Program at GW and the former director of the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (IERES). Trained in political philosophy, she explores the notion of illiberalism and how nationalism and conservative values are becoming mainstream in different cultural contexts. She has been working on Russia's ideological landscape and its outreach abroad for more than two decades. She is now working on the grassroots mechanisms underpinning the popular support given to illiberal projects, as well as the cultural products and social practices that structure illiberal communities in Europe and in the United States.

• AcknowledgmentsAbout the Volume EditorList of ContributorsIntroduction Section I: Conceptualizing Illiberalism and Its Companions 1. Illiberalism and ConservatismEdmund Fawcett2. Illiberalism and AuthoritarianismJulian G. Waller3. Populism as Democratic IlliberalismTakis S. Pappas4. Genealogies of IlliberalismMihai Varga and Aron Buzogány5. Illiberalism as a CultureJan Kubik Section II: The False Dichotomy: Liberalism's Entanglement with Illiberalism 6. Illiberalism of Their Own Making? A Post-Liberal Critique of Illiberalism ResearchPhilipp Lottholz7. Ghosts of Liberalism Past: Authoritarianism and Nationalism in the Liberal TraditionAnatol Lieven8. Neoliberalism and Its OthersReijer Hendrikse9. Illiberalism and Fear: The Crisis of Political Legitimacy in Western Liberal DemocraciesNatalie Doyle 10. Illiberalism in Liberal DemocraciesJasper Theodor Kauth11. Corona and the Left: Toward a Post-Ideological TotalitarianismTove Soiland12. Is There a Left-Wing Illiberalism?Emmy Eklundh13. An Illiberal Left? Assessing Current Anti-Pluralist Political Practices in the WestEszter Kováts Section III: Illiberal Intersectionalities: Religion, Gender, Identity 14. Magical Thinking and Political Myths: Great Replacement versus CreolizationPierre-André Taguieff15. Christianity and Illiberal PoliticsAnja Hennig16. Gendering Illiberal PoliticsAgnieszka Graff and Elzbieta Korolczuk17. Illiberalism and IslamGulnaz Sibgatullina18. Illiberal Memory PoliticsMaria Mälksoo Section IV: Illiberalism and the Economy: Globalization and Backlash 19. Political Economy of IlliberalismMaria Snegovaya20. Consuming the State: Illiberalism, Protests, and Demands for Redistribution in KazakhstanDiana Kudaibergenova21. The Trajectory of Illiberal BacklashMarco Garrido22. The Illiberalism of Fox News: Theorizing Nationalism and Populism Through the Case of Conservative America's Number One News SourceReece Peck23. Illiberalism, Left-Wing Populism, and Popular Sovereignty in Latin AmericaJulio F. Carrión Section V: Illiberalism in Power: Regimes and Ideology 24. Autocratization-Not an "Illiberal Turn"Matthew C. Wilson, Amanda B. Edgell, Yuko Sato, Vanessa Boese-Schlosser, and Staffan I. Lindberg25. Illiberal Constitutionalism in Central and Eastern European StatesTímea Drinóczi and Agnieszka Bien-Kacala26. From Backsliding to Illiberalism and Beyond: Law and Regressive Political Change in Brazil, India, and South AfricaFabio de Sa e Silva27. Illiberalism as a Key to De-Democratization: The Case of TurkeyElise Massicard28. Facets of India's IlliberalismChristophe Jaffrelot29. Contending Illiberalisms in the People's Republic of ChinaEva Pils30. Biopolitics and Illiberalism: A Critical Approach to Putin's RussiaAlexandra Yatsyk Section VI: Illiberalism and the World: The Global (Dis)Order 31. The International Politics of IlliberalismHadas Aron and Jack Snyder32. The Illiberal Global Politics of Religions and CivilizationsGregorio Bettiza33. Illiberal Peace? Illiberalism in Peacebuilding, Mediation, and Conflict ResolutionDavid Lewis34. Illiberalism in the Global South and the Rise of China and RussiaErica Marat Section VII: Beyond the Strong Leader: The Grassroots Actors of Illiberalism 35. Illiberal Revolts: On Grassroots Theorizing and Practicing of IlliberalismAgniezska Pasieka and David C. Petruccelli36. Grassroots Origins of Russia's IlliberalismIvan Grek37. Illiberal Think TanksKatarzyna Jezierska38. Transnational Illiberal NetworksKristina Stoeckl and Phillip Ayoub39. Media and IlliberalismVáclav Stetka and Sabina Mihelj Section VIII: Thinking Illiberalism: Intellectual Traditions and Renaissances 40. Illiberalism in the Doctrine of the Catholic Church and in the Works of Catholic Authors (19th-20th Centuries)Jean-Yves Camus41. Three Faces of PostliberalismAdrian Pabst42. American Illiberal ThinkersJoshua (Josh) Tait43. The Role of Éric Zemmour in the "Right-Wingization" of FrancePérine Schir44. The Illiberalism(s) of Polish Conservative IntellectualsValentin Behr45. Russia's Illiberal ConservatismKatharina Bluhm