Tito Boeri is Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, Milan and Scientific Director of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti. His papers have been published in the American Economic Review, the Journal of Economic Perspectives, the Economic Journal, the Journal of the European Economic Association, Economic Policy, the European Economic Review, the Journal of Labour Economics, the Journal of Development Economics, and the NBER Macroeconomics Annual. He has published 11 books with Oxford University Press, MIT Press, and Princeton University Press. He is the founder of the economic policy watchdog website www.lavoce.info and the scientific director of the Festival of Economics in Trento.Eleonora Patacchini is Associate Professor of Economics at Cornell University. She is also Research Fellow at the Center for Policy Research at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, at the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, and at IZA, Institute for the Study of Labor. Her areas of interest include applied research in labour economics, cultural economics, regional and urban economics, social networks, economics of ethnic minorities, and crime. Her publications have appeared in leading general and field journals.Giovanni Peri is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Davis and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is Editor of Regional Science and Urban Economics. He has published in academic journals including the American Economic Review, the Review of Economic Studies, The Review of Economics and Statistics, the Economic Journal, and the Journal of European Economic Association. His research has been featured in several popular Blogs and in media outlets including the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the Economist.

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• Introduction ; PART I: THE WAGE GAP IN THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK ; 1. The Gender Gap in Labor market Outcomes: Less Explored Aspects and Dimensions ; 2. Gender Gaps in Wages and Employment: The Role of Employers' Prejudice ; Appendix 2A: Data Sources and Definitions ; Appendix 2B: The Formal Model ; Appendix 2C: Complete Results ; 3. Gender Gaps in Spain: The Role of Children in Career Development ; 4. The Gender Gap in Italy: The Role of College-Majors ; Appendix 4A: Description of the Data on Milanese High School Graduates ; 5. More Unexplored Dimensions of the Gender Gap and College Choice: Attitudes, Choice of Partner, and Peer/Teacher Effects in School ; References ; Comments ; Comments ; PART II: UNEXPLORED DIMENSIONS OF DISCRIMINATION IN EUROPE: RELIGION, HOMOSEXUALITY, AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ; 6. Discrimination and Labor-Market Outcomes: Theoretical Mechanisms and Existing Empirical Studies ; 7. Exploratory Analysis for Europe: Religion and Physical Appearance ; 8. Do Employers Discriminate Against Physical Appearance and Sexual Preferences? A Field Experiment ; 9. Other Dimensions of Discrimination ; Appendix 9A. Additional Figures and Tables ; Appendix 9B: Labor-Market Policies ; References ; Comments ; Comments

Tito Boeri is Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, Milan and Scientific Director of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti. His papers have been published in the American Economic Review, the Journal of Economic Perspectives, the Economic Journal, the Journal of the European Economic Association, Economic Policy, the European Economic Review, the Journal of Labour Economics, the Journal of Development Economics, and the NBER Macroeconomics Annual. He has published 11 books with Oxford University Press, MIT Press, and Princeton University Press. He is the founder of the economic policy watchdog website www.lavoce.info and the scientific director of the Festival of Economics in Trento.Eleonora Patacchini is Associate Professor of Economics at Cornell University. She is also Research Fellow at the Center for Policy Research at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, at the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, and at IZA, Institute for the Study of Labor. Her areas of interest include applied research in labour economics, cultural economics, regional and urban economics, social networks, economics of ethnic minorities, and crime. Her publications have appeared in leading general and field journals.Giovanni Peri is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Davis and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is Editor of Regional Science and Urban Economics. He has published in academic journals including the American Economic Review, the Review of Economic Studies, The Review of Economics and Statistics, the Economic Journal, and the Journal of European Economic Association. His research has been featured in several popular Blogs and in media outlets including the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the Economist.

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• Introduction ; PART I: THE WAGE GAP IN THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK ; 1. The Gender Gap in Labor market Outcomes: Less Explored Aspects and Dimensions ; 2. Gender Gaps in Wages and Employment: The Role of Employers' Prejudice ; Appendix 2A: Data Sources and Definitions ; Appendix 2B: The Formal Model ; Appendix 2C: Complete Results ; 3. Gender Gaps in Spain: The Role of Children in Career Development ; 4. The Gender Gap in Italy: The Role of College-Majors ; Appendix 4A: Description of the Data on Milanese High School Graduates ; 5. More Unexplored Dimensions of the Gender Gap and College Choice: Attitudes, Choice of Partner, and Peer/Teacher Effects in School ; References ; Comments ; Comments ; PART II: UNEXPLORED DIMENSIONS OF DISCRIMINATION IN EUROPE: RELIGION, HOMOSEXUALITY, AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ; 6. Discrimination and Labor-Market Outcomes: Theoretical Mechanisms and Existing Empirical Studies ; 7. Exploratory Analysis for Europe: Religion and Physical Appearance ; 8. Do Employers Discriminate Against Physical Appearance and Sexual Preferences? A Field Experiment ; 9. Other Dimensions of Discrimination ; Appendix 9A. Additional Figures and Tables ; Appendix 9B: Labor-Market Policies ; References ; Comments ; Comments

Tito Boeri is Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, Milan and Scientific Director of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti. His papers have been published in the American Economic Review, the Journal of Economic Perspectives, the Economic Journal, the Journal of the European Economic Association, Economic Policy, the European Economic Review, the Journal of Labour Economics, the Journal of Development Economics, and the NBER Macroeconomics Annual. He has published 11 books with Oxford University Press, MIT Press, and Princeton University Press. He is the founder of the economic policy watchdog website www.lavoce.info and the scientific director of the Festival of Economics in Trento.Eleonora Patacchini is Associate Professor of Economics at Cornell University. She is also Research Fellow at the Center for Policy Research at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, at the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, and at IZA, Institute for the Study of Labor. Her areas of interest include applied research in labour economics, cultural economics, regional and urban economics, social networks, economics of ethnic minorities, and crime. Her publications have appeared in leading general and field journals.Giovanni Peri is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Davis and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is Editor of Regional Science and Urban Economics. He has published in academic journals including the American Economic Review, the Review of Economic Studies, The Review of Economics and Statistics, the Economic Journal, and the Journal of European Economic Association. His research has been featured in several popular Blogs and in media outlets including the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the Economist.

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• Introduction ; PART I: THE WAGE GAP IN THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK ; 1. The Gender Gap in Labor market Outcomes: Less Explored Aspects and Dimensions ; 2. Gender Gaps in Wages and Employment: The Role of Employers' Prejudice ; Appendix 2A: Data Sources and Definitions ; Appendix 2B: The Formal Model ; Appendix 2C: Complete Results ; 3. Gender Gaps in Spain: The Role of Children in Career Development ; 4. The Gender Gap in Italy: The Role of College-Majors ; Appendix 4A: Description of the Data on Milanese High School Graduates ; 5. More Unexplored Dimensions of the Gender Gap and College Choice: Attitudes, Choice of Partner, and Peer/Teacher Effects in School ; References ; Comments ; Comments ; PART II: UNEXPLORED DIMENSIONS OF DISCRIMINATION IN EUROPE: RELIGION, HOMOSEXUALITY, AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ; 6. Discrimination and Labor-Market Outcomes: Theoretical Mechanisms and Existing Empirical Studies ; 7. Exploratory Analysis for Europe: Religion and Physical Appearance ; 8. Do Employers Discriminate Against Physical Appearance and Sexual Preferences? A Field Experiment ; 9. Other Dimensions of Discrimination ; Appendix 9A. Additional Figures and Tables ; Appendix 9B: Labor-Market Policies ; References ; Comments ; Comments