Susan E. Scarrow is John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science at the University of Houston. Her scholarship and teaching focuses on representation and electoral institutions, including political party development, direct democracy, and political finance. Her prior publications include Beyond Party Members (Oxford University Press) and Democracy Transformed? (Oxford University Press, edited with Russell J. Dalton and Bruce Cain).Paul D. Webb is Professor of Politics at the University of Sussex. He has published widely on party and electoral politics, including the OUP books Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies (with David Farrell and Ian Holliday) and The Presidentialization of Politics (with Thomas Poguntke), and is co-editor of the journal Party Politics. He is an elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in the UK.Thomas Poguntke is Professor of Comparative Politics at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf and Director of the Düsseldorf Party Research Institute (PRuF). He has published widely on political parties and comparative politics including The Presidentialization of Politics (OUP, edited with Paul Webb) and The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation (Routledge, edited with Nicholas Aylott, Elisabeth Carter, Robert Ladrech and Kurt Richard Luther).

• PART 1: HOW PARTIES ORGANIZE; PART 2: THE IMPACT OF PARTY ORGANIZATION

Susan E. Scarrow is John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science at the University of Houston. Her scholarship and teaching focuses on representation and electoral institutions, including political party development, direct democracy, and political finance. Her prior publications include Beyond Party Members (Oxford University Press) and Democracy Transformed? (Oxford University Press, edited with Russell J. Dalton and Bruce Cain).Paul D. Webb is Professor of Politics at the University of Sussex. He has published widely on party and electoral politics, including the OUP books Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies (with David Farrell and Ian Holliday) and The Presidentialization of Politics (with Thomas Poguntke), and is co-editor of the journal Party Politics. He is an elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in the UK.Thomas Poguntke is Professor of Comparative Politics at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf and Director of the Düsseldorf Party Research Institute (PRuF). He has published widely on political parties and comparative politics including The Presidentialization of Politics (OUP, edited with Paul Webb) and The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation (Routledge, edited with Nicholas Aylott, Elisabeth Carter, Robert Ladrech and Kurt Richard Luther).

• PART 1: HOW PARTIES ORGANIZE; PART 2: THE IMPACT OF PARTY ORGANIZATION

Susan E. Scarrow is John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science at the University of Houston. Her scholarship and teaching focuses on representation and electoral institutions, including political party development, direct democracy, and political finance. Her prior publications include Beyond Party Members (Oxford University Press) and Democracy Transformed? (Oxford University Press, edited with Russell J. Dalton and Bruce Cain).Paul D. Webb is Professor of Politics at the University of Sussex. He has published widely on party and electoral politics, including the OUP books Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies (with David Farrell and Ian Holliday) and The Presidentialization of Politics (with Thomas Poguntke), and is co-editor of the journal Party Politics. He is an elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in the UK.Thomas Poguntke is Professor of Comparative Politics at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf and Director of the Düsseldorf Party Research Institute (PRuF). He has published widely on political parties and comparative politics including The Presidentialization of Politics (OUP, edited with Paul Webb) and The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation (Routledge, edited with Nicholas Aylott, Elisabeth Carter, Robert Ladrech and Kurt Richard Luther).

• PART 1: HOW PARTIES ORGANIZE; PART 2: THE IMPACT OF PARTY ORGANIZATION