Science in the New Russia

Loren Graham, author of Moscow Stories (IUP, 2006), is a well-known historian of science who taught for many years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. He is the author of many books on the history of Soviet science. Irina Dezhina is Leading Research Fellow at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow, and the author of many works on post-Soviet politics and society (in Russian).

"The 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated one of the greatest crises in the history of science. The Soviet Union had heavily supported science, but the new Russian state had few funds to do so. Graham (MIT and Harvard), the leading historian of modern Russian science outside Russia, and Dezhina (Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow), a leading research scholar, collaborate to tell how Russian scientists, the Russian state, Russian institutions, and foreign funding agencies interacted to help Russian science recover from virtual bankruptcy. The story is more complex than merely finding new funds, difficult though that was. Science in the Soviet Union had been very authoritarian, but not especially productive. Science in the US, Germany, and France was more democratic and more productive, and those three models provided guidance for restructuring Russian science to provide scientists with more freedom so they could become more productive. The social structure of science underwent a revolution, with a few powerful scientists becoming losers and many formerly restricted scientists becoming winners of better working conditions, if not better pay. This remarkable story is told concisely and clearly with ample documentation. A valuable resource for historians of modern science and post-Soviet Russia. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections."—F. N. Egerton, Emeritus, University of Wisconsin—Parkside, Choice"This remarkable story is told concisely and clearly with ample documentation. A valuable resource for historians of modern science and post-Soviet Russia. . . . Highly recommended.February 2009"—Choice"This book will be of interest not only to scholars in the area of Russian and Soviet studies, but also to anyone who is involved in policy-making in the sciences—especially in the Eastern bloc. These readers will find many recommendations on how to modernize the science industry and make it more effective. Vol. 54.2, Summer 2010"—Slavic and East European Journal". . . [this book] supports the authors' unmatched erudition with a wealth of statistical data and thorough research, and produces penetrating analysis and stimulating conclusions. . . . would be of great interest not only to historians and sociologists of science and students of post-Soviet Russia, but also to science policy makers in many countries going through political and economic transition.Vol. 68.4 October 2009"—Slava Gerovitch, M.I.T."Overall, this is an exceptionally thorough and useful book, which highlights the remarkable progress that has been made in Russian science in less than 20 years; illuminates the very real potential of mutually beneficial international cooperation; provides a clear roadmap of the equally real challenges that remain in science policy and professional practice . . .October 1, 2009"—Mark S. Johnson, Colorado College"Graham and Dezhina have produced a very insightful volume that will prove invaluable to those contemplating science policy in the region over the next decades. Vol. 68.4 Winter 2009"—Michael D. Gordin, Princeton University"This book will be of great interest not only to scholars in the area of Russian and Soviet studies, but also to anyone who is involved in poicy-making in the sciences—especially in the Eastern bloc. these readers will find many recommendations on how to modernize the science industry and make it more effective. Vol. 54.2, Summer 2010"—Slavic and East European Journal"This book . . . provides an interesting and useful analysis of the development of research activities in Russia."—Europe-Asia Studies"A thoroughly researched, carefully reasoned analysis of an important subject . . . The authors have a sure sense of how science functions both in Russia and in various advanced Western countries. . . . an important study."—Bruce Parrott, Johns Hopkins University

• ContentsIntroductionList of Acronyms1. Science at the End of the Soviet Period2. Breakup of the Soviet Union and Crisis in Russian Science3. Major Directions of Reform in Russian Science4. Foundations: A Novelty in Russian Science5. Developing a Commercial Culture for Russian Science6. International Support of Russian Science: History and Evolution7. Strengthening Research in Russian Universities: A U.S. and Russian Cooperative Effort8. Impact of International Activities on Russian Science9. ConclusionNotesIndex