LUIGI GRAZIANO is Professor of Political Science at the University of Torino, Italy.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword by Robert H. Salisbury Foreword by David Cohen Preface Introduction PART I: LOBBYING AS POLITICAL ACTION The Arenas and the Actors: Lobbying Communities and Policy Communities The Legislative Arena Lobbying and the Executive: the Budget Process The Techniques: Coalitions, Grasssroots Lobbying and Political Action Committees The Constraints PART II: ON LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PLURALISM: THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT On Pluralism Liberal Democratic Pluralism: the Forerunners, de Tocqueville, Montesquieu and Madison Contemporary Pluralism: Bentley, Truman and Laski PART III: ORGANIZED INTERESTS AND UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION (1960-90) Organized Interests and the system of Representation The Weak Link: Public-interest Groups CONCLUSION: LOBBYING AND DEMOCRACY Notes and References Bibliography Index of Names Index

LUIGI GRAZIANO is Professor of Political Science at the University of Torino, Italy.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword by Robert H. Salisbury Foreword by David Cohen Preface Introduction PART I: LOBBYING AS POLITICAL ACTION The Arenas and the Actors: Lobbying Communities and Policy Communities The Legislative Arena Lobbying and the Executive: the Budget Process The Techniques: Coalitions, Grasssroots Lobbying and Political Action Committees The Constraints PART II: ON LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PLURALISM: THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT On Pluralism Liberal Democratic Pluralism: the Forerunners, de Tocqueville, Montesquieu and Madison Contemporary Pluralism: Bentley, Truman and Laski PART III: ORGANIZED INTERESTS AND UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION (1960-90) Organized Interests and the system of Representation The Weak Link: Public-interest Groups CONCLUSION: LOBBYING AND DEMOCRACY Notes and References Bibliography Index of Names Index

LUIGI GRAZIANO is Professor of Political Science at the University of Torino, Italy.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword by Robert H. Salisbury Foreword by David Cohen Preface Introduction PART I: LOBBYING AS POLITICAL ACTION The Arenas and the Actors: Lobbying Communities and Policy Communities The Legislative Arena Lobbying and the Executive: the Budget Process The Techniques: Coalitions, Grasssroots Lobbying and Political Action Committees The Constraints PART II: ON LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PLURALISM: THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT On Pluralism Liberal Democratic Pluralism: the Forerunners, de Tocqueville, Montesquieu and Madison Contemporary Pluralism: Bentley, Truman and Laski PART III: ORGANIZED INTERESTS AND UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION (1960-90) Organized Interests and the system of Representation The Weak Link: Public-interest Groups CONCLUSION: LOBBYING AND DEMOCRACY Notes and References Bibliography Index of Names Index