Professor Nnamdi Nwulu is researcher, educationist and engineer. He holds BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical & Electronic Engineering and a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg. He is also a Professional Engineer registered with the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), an National Research Foundation (NRF) rated researcher, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a Senior Research Associate in the SARChI Chair in Innovation Studies at the Tshwane University of Science and Technology and Associate Editor of the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID). Mammo Muchie founded the African Journal on Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID) in 2008 and has served as its Editor-in-Chief, ever since. He has been given the Best Institutional Senior Researcher of the Year Merit and the Academic Excellence Award. Professor Muchie’s scholarly contribution to the discipline of innovation has been in strengthening and contextualising the theoretical framework of National Innovation Systems as applied to the African context. Without his work, the principles and theory of the National Innovation Systems, as they are practised in the developed and industrial economies, could not be applied directly to the developing or under-developed and largely agrarian economies of the African continent.

"Mathematics is an important part of most branches of engineering. Students who ignore Mathematics at High School level may lose several job opportunities in future, because mathematics is used in every area and has many career options. Strong curriculum that incorporates various applications of mathematics into engineering is lacking in our most African universities. This book has tried to address various gaps and put various strategies that inspires our young generation."Dr Getachew Temesgen; Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa"This book on mathematical modelling and engineering design, which comes out after the knowledge exchange from the third AfricaLics Conference in Oran (Algeria), and other AfricaLics academies, is very inspiring. Having been engaged in the process, I know that the book will be very useful to stimulate quality research – the results of which will continue to address the challenges in the African context and to fill a gap on this very important topic.I strongly recommend that the book is integrated into the curriculum of the African education system. It is a knowledge- and resource-rich book that is timely and essential to promote African knowledge."Professor Abdelkader Djeflat, Professor of Innovation Studies at Lille University, France and Chair, The Maghtech Network (www.maghtech.org)"I highly recommend this book for scholars and researchers involved in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and research. Mathematical modelling and engineering design together offer a valuable analytical tool to engage STEM-related challenges. The diversity of the contributions shows the richness scholars and researchers will be able to draw on. This is an easy-to-read book, providing multiple perspectives for the reader. In a post-COVID-19 context, a book as this can offer both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspectives to better engage problems. The book will surely enrich a global audience."Dr Emmanuel Ojo; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

• Preface: Exposure to the African Roots of Mathematics Modelling and Engineering DesignMammo Muchie and Nnamdi NwuluIntroduction: Engineering design and mathematical modelling: Concepts and applicationsNnamdi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie1. Current state and trajectory of design engineering in Kenya Hailemichael Teshome Demissie2. Student’s perception of engineering design for competitiveness in Africa: The case of Tanzania, East Africa Lawrence Joseph Kerefu and Juliana Zawadi Machuve3. Barriers hindering biomimicry adoption and application in the construction industry Olusegun A. Oguntona and Clinton O. Aigbavboa4. Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria Solomon O. Giwa, Collins N. Nwaokocha and Abayomi T. Layeni5. Modelling the effects of exposure to risk on junior faculty productivity incentives under the academic tenure system Ibrahim Niankara6. Analyses of mathematical models for city population dynamics under heterogeneityO.C. Collins, T.S. Simelane and K.J. Duffy7. Mathematical model showing how socioeconomic dynamics in African cities could widen or reduce inequality Obiora Cornelius Collins, Thokozani Silas Simelane and Kevin Jan Duffy8. Exchange rate impact on output and inflation: A historical perspective from Zimbabwe Nyasha Mahonye and Tatenda Zengeni9. A mathematical formulation of the joint economic and emission dispatch problem of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgridUyikumhe Damisa and Nnamdi I. Nwulu10. A simplified control scheme for electric vehicle-power grid circuit with DC distribution and battery storage systemsKabeya Musasa, Musole Innocent Muheme, Nnamdi Ikechi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie11. Temporal analysis of electricity consumption for prepaid metered low- and high-income households in Soweto, South AfricaNjabulo Kambule, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Nnamdi Nwulu and Charles Mbohwa12. A novel approach for the identification of critical nodes and transmission lines for mitigating voltage instability in power networksAkintunde Samson Alayande and Nnamdi Nwulu13. Design, construction and mathematical modelling of the performance of a biogas digester for a family in the Eastern Cape province, South AfricaConclusion: Post Scriptum, Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Design to Promote STEM Education in AfricaMammo Muchie & Nnmandi NwuluPatrick Mukumba, Golden Makaka, Sampson Mamphweli and Peace-maker Masukume

Professor Nnamdi Nwulu is researcher, educationist and engineer. He holds BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical & Electronic Engineering and a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg. He is also a Professional Engineer registered with the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), an National Research Foundation (NRF) rated researcher, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a Senior Research Associate in the SARChI Chair in Innovation Studies at the Tshwane University of Science and Technology and Associate Editor of the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID). Mammo Muchie founded the African Journal on Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID) in 2008 and has served as its Editor-in-Chief, ever since. He has been given the Best Institutional Senior Researcher of the Year Merit and the Academic Excellence Award. Professor Muchie’s scholarly contribution to the discipline of innovation has been in strengthening and contextualising the theoretical framework of National Innovation Systems as applied to the African context. Without his work, the principles and theory of the National Innovation Systems, as they are practised in the developed and industrial economies, could not be applied directly to the developing or under-developed and largely agrarian economies of the African continent.

"Mathematics is an important part of most branches of engineering. Students who ignore Mathematics at High School level may lose several job opportunities in future, because mathematics is used in every area and has many career options. Strong curriculum that incorporates various applications of mathematics into engineering is lacking in our most African universities. This book has tried to address various gaps and put various strategies that inspires our young generation."Dr Getachew Temesgen; Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa"This book on mathematical modelling and engineering design, which comes out after the knowledge exchange from the third AfricaLics Conference in Oran (Algeria), and other AfricaLics academies, is very inspiring. Having been engaged in the process, I know that the book will be very useful to stimulate quality research – the results of which will continue to address the challenges in the African context and to fill a gap on this very important topic.I strongly recommend that the book is integrated into the curriculum of the African education system. It is a knowledge- and resource-rich book that is timely and essential to promote African knowledge."Professor Abdelkader Djeflat, Professor of Innovation Studies at Lille University, France and Chair, The Maghtech Network (www.maghtech.org)"I highly recommend this book for scholars and researchers involved in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and research. Mathematical modelling and engineering design together offer a valuable analytical tool to engage STEM-related challenges. The diversity of the contributions shows the richness scholars and researchers will be able to draw on. This is an easy-to-read book, providing multiple perspectives for the reader. In a post-COVID-19 context, a book as this can offer both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspectives to better engage problems. The book will surely enrich a global audience."Dr Emmanuel Ojo; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

• Preface: Exposure to the African Roots of Mathematics Modelling and Engineering DesignMammo Muchie and Nnamdi NwuluIntroduction: Engineering design and mathematical modelling: Concepts and applicationsNnamdi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie1. Current state and trajectory of design engineering in Kenya Hailemichael Teshome Demissie2. Student’s perception of engineering design for competitiveness in Africa: The case of Tanzania, East Africa Lawrence Joseph Kerefu and Juliana Zawadi Machuve3. Barriers hindering biomimicry adoption and application in the construction industry Olusegun A. Oguntona and Clinton O. Aigbavboa4. Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria Solomon O. Giwa, Collins N. Nwaokocha and Abayomi T. Layeni5. Modelling the effects of exposure to risk on junior faculty productivity incentives under the academic tenure system Ibrahim Niankara6. Analyses of mathematical models for city population dynamics under heterogeneityO.C. Collins, T.S. Simelane and K.J. Duffy7. Mathematical model showing how socioeconomic dynamics in African cities could widen or reduce inequality Obiora Cornelius Collins, Thokozani Silas Simelane and Kevin Jan Duffy8. Exchange rate impact on output and inflation: A historical perspective from Zimbabwe Nyasha Mahonye and Tatenda Zengeni9. A mathematical formulation of the joint economic and emission dispatch problem of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgridUyikumhe Damisa and Nnamdi I. Nwulu10. A simplified control scheme for electric vehicle-power grid circuit with DC distribution and battery storage systemsKabeya Musasa, Musole Innocent Muheme, Nnamdi Ikechi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie11. Temporal analysis of electricity consumption for prepaid metered low- and high-income households in Soweto, South AfricaNjabulo Kambule, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Nnamdi Nwulu and Charles Mbohwa12. A novel approach for the identification of critical nodes and transmission lines for mitigating voltage instability in power networksAkintunde Samson Alayande and Nnamdi Nwulu13. Design, construction and mathematical modelling of the performance of a biogas digester for a family in the Eastern Cape province, South AfricaConclusion: Post Scriptum, Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Design to Promote STEM Education in AfricaMammo Muchie & Nnmandi NwuluPatrick Mukumba, Golden Makaka, Sampson Mamphweli and Peace-maker Masukume

Professor Nnamdi Nwulu is researcher, educationist and engineer. He holds BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical & Electronic Engineering and a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg. He is also a Professional Engineer registered with the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), an National Research Foundation (NRF) rated researcher, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a Senior Research Associate in the SARChI Chair in Innovation Studies at the Tshwane University of Science and Technology and Associate Editor of the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID). Mammo Muchie founded the African Journal on Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID) in 2008 and has served as its Editor-in-Chief, ever since. He has been given the Best Institutional Senior Researcher of the Year Merit and the Academic Excellence Award. Professor Muchie’s scholarly contribution to the discipline of innovation has been in strengthening and contextualising the theoretical framework of National Innovation Systems as applied to the African context. Without his work, the principles and theory of the National Innovation Systems, as they are practised in the developed and industrial economies, could not be applied directly to the developing or under-developed and largely agrarian economies of the African continent.

"Mathematics is an important part of most branches of engineering. Students who ignore Mathematics at High School level may lose several job opportunities in future, because mathematics is used in every area and has many career options. Strong curriculum that incorporates various applications of mathematics into engineering is lacking in our most African universities. This book has tried to address various gaps and put various strategies that inspires our young generation."Dr Getachew Temesgen; Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa"This book on mathematical modelling and engineering design, which comes out after the knowledge exchange from the third AfricaLics Conference in Oran (Algeria), and other AfricaLics academies, is very inspiring. Having been engaged in the process, I know that the book will be very useful to stimulate quality research – the results of which will continue to address the challenges in the African context and to fill a gap on this very important topic.I strongly recommend that the book is integrated into the curriculum of the African education system. It is a knowledge- and resource-rich book that is timely and essential to promote African knowledge."Professor Abdelkader Djeflat, Professor of Innovation Studies at Lille University, France and Chair, The Maghtech Network (www.maghtech.org)"I highly recommend this book for scholars and researchers involved in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and research. Mathematical modelling and engineering design together offer a valuable analytical tool to engage STEM-related challenges. The diversity of the contributions shows the richness scholars and researchers will be able to draw on. This is an easy-to-read book, providing multiple perspectives for the reader. In a post-COVID-19 context, a book as this can offer both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspectives to better engage problems. The book will surely enrich a global audience."Dr Emmanuel Ojo; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

• Preface: Exposure to the African Roots of Mathematics Modelling and Engineering DesignMammo Muchie and Nnamdi NwuluIntroduction: Engineering design and mathematical modelling: Concepts and applicationsNnamdi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie1. Current state and trajectory of design engineering in Kenya Hailemichael Teshome Demissie2. Student’s perception of engineering design for competitiveness in Africa: The case of Tanzania, East Africa Lawrence Joseph Kerefu and Juliana Zawadi Machuve3. Barriers hindering biomimicry adoption and application in the construction industry Olusegun A. Oguntona and Clinton O. Aigbavboa4. Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria Solomon O. Giwa, Collins N. Nwaokocha and Abayomi T. Layeni5. Modelling the effects of exposure to risk on junior faculty productivity incentives under the academic tenure system Ibrahim Niankara6. Analyses of mathematical models for city population dynamics under heterogeneityO.C. Collins, T.S. Simelane and K.J. Duffy7. Mathematical model showing how socioeconomic dynamics in African cities could widen or reduce inequality Obiora Cornelius Collins, Thokozani Silas Simelane and Kevin Jan Duffy8. Exchange rate impact on output and inflation: A historical perspective from Zimbabwe Nyasha Mahonye and Tatenda Zengeni9. A mathematical formulation of the joint economic and emission dispatch problem of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgridUyikumhe Damisa and Nnamdi I. Nwulu10. A simplified control scheme for electric vehicle-power grid circuit with DC distribution and battery storage systemsKabeya Musasa, Musole Innocent Muheme, Nnamdi Ikechi Nwulu and Mammo Muchie11. Temporal analysis of electricity consumption for prepaid metered low- and high-income households in Soweto, South AfricaNjabulo Kambule, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Nnamdi Nwulu and Charles Mbohwa12. A novel approach for the identification of critical nodes and transmission lines for mitigating voltage instability in power networksAkintunde Samson Alayande and Nnamdi Nwulu13. Design, construction and mathematical modelling of the performance of a biogas digester for a family in the Eastern Cape province, South AfricaConclusion: Post Scriptum, Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Design to Promote STEM Education in AfricaMammo Muchie & Nnmandi NwuluPatrick Mukumba, Golden Makaka, Sampson Mamphweli and Peace-maker Masukume