Bertrand Taithe is Senior Lecturer in Cultural History at the University of Manchester. He is the author of many publications on the cultural history of war.

• Preface 1 Introduction: citizenship, wars and revolutions 2 Total war, civil war and ‘modernity’ 3 The crisis of citizenship and la sociale 4 Municipal freedom and war 5 Religious identities and citizenship 6 The enemy within: traitors and spies, gender and age 7 The brutalisation of French politics 8 The French state in question 9 Union and unity: the Third Republic

Bertrand Taithe is Senior Lecturer in Cultural History at the University of Manchester. He is the author of many publications on the cultural history of war.

• Preface 1 Introduction: citizenship, wars and revolutions 2 Total war, civil war and ‘modernity’ 3 The crisis of citizenship and la sociale 4 Municipal freedom and war 5 Religious identities and citizenship 6 The enemy within: traitors and spies, gender and age 7 The brutalisation of French politics 8 The French state in question 9 Union and unity: the Third Republic

Bertrand Taithe is Senior Lecturer in Cultural History at the University of Manchester. He is the author of many publications on the cultural history of war.

• Preface 1 Introduction: citizenship, wars and revolutions 2 Total war, civil war and ‘modernity’ 3 The crisis of citizenship and la sociale 4 Municipal freedom and war 5 Religious identities and citizenship 6 The enemy within: traitors and spies, gender and age 7 The brutalisation of French politics 8 The French state in question 9 Union and unity: the Third Republic