Alan Gilbert is a Professor in the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He is the author of Democratic Individuality and Marx's Politics: Communists and Citizens.

"Gilbert's volume is a refreshingly original and provocative work that will receive a good deal of attention in both the United States and Europe."—George W. Downs, Princeton University

• Acknowledgments xv Introduction Power Politics, Antiradical Ideology, and the Constriction of Democracy 3 1. Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism 3 2. The Ancient Critique of Pride and Modern Democratic Internationalism 12 3. The Trajectory of the Argument 15 Table 1: How Realism Leads to Democracy 21 PART ONE: DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM AS AN INTERNAL CRITIQUE OF NEOREALISM AND REALISM 23 Chapter One Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy? 25 1. A Neglected Theoretical Debate 26 2. The Kinship of Official Realism and Dependency 32 3. Is Krasner's "National Interest" Defensible? 34 4. Sophisticated Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 41 S. Gilpin's Restoration of Great-Power Rivalry 44 6. Keobane's Liberalism: Are Contemporary Regimes Cooperative? 49 7. An Internal, Doyle-Keohane Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis 54 8. Internationalism, Feminism, and Postmodernism versus Predatory Realism 57 9. Democracy as an Anomaly for Realism 58 Table 2: A Modification of Table 1: Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 61 Table 3: A Keobane-Doyle Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis, Realism, and Democratic Internationalism from Below 64 Chapter Two Crossing of the Ways: The Vietnam War and Realism in Morgenthau, Niebuhr, and Kennan 66 1. Forgetfulness about Morgenthau 66 2. How to Extract Kissinger from Morgenthau 69 3. Ethical Contradictions about "Power" 73 4. A Realism Consistent with Morgenthau's Stand on Vietnam 76 S. Democratic Criticism, Oligarchic Persecution 79 6. Morgenthau's Mistaken Celebration of Lincoln's Statism 87 7. "Things That Are Not" and -Things That Are 89 8. Exile from the "King's Chapel" 96 9. "Our Military-Industrial Addiction": Kennan's 1984 Reformulation of American Diplomacy 106 10. Social Science and Moral Argument 110 Table 4: Morgenthau's, Niebuhr's, and Kennan's Realisms and Democratic Internationalism 112 PART TWO: FORGOTTEN SOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM 119 Chapter Three "Workers of the World, Unite!": The Possibility of Democratic Feedback 121 1. Global Inequalities and Domestic Repression 121 2. Marx's First Version of Democratic Internationalism: The Revolution of 1848 124 3. The Heroism of the English Workers: Abolition versus Cotton 127 4. International Strike Support 130 S. The Sepoy Rebellion and English Dissensions 131 6. Marx's Second Version of Democratic Internationalism: Ireland as the Key to English Radicalism 133 7. Contemporary Implications I: Algeria, Mozambique, and Rebellion inside the Colonial Power 137 8. Contemporary Implications II: Immigration in California and Europe, and International Redistribution 139 9. The Economic, Social, and Political Consequences of Exploitation 142 Table 5: A Contrast of Democratic and Antidemocratic Feedback 146 Chapter Four Democratic Imperialism and Internal Corruption 148 1. American Political "Science" and Athenian Democracy 148 2. Integrity and Democracy: Thucydides versus Hobbes 1 152 3. Socrates', Thucydides', and Hobbes's Differing Responses to Hubris 156 4. Hobbes against Athens 159 5. Official "Realism" as Corruption: Thucydides versus Hobbes 11 161 6. The Official Realist Misinterpretation of Melos 167 7. War between Democracies: The Syracusan Defeat of Athens 170 8. Thucydides through the Lens of Vietnam 172 Table 6: Why Democracy and Public Corruption Are Central for Thucydides and Anomalies for Hobbes and Neorealism 176 PART THREE: DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND "GAMBLING FOR RESURRECTION" 181 Chapter Five Deliberation as a Medium for Internationalism 183 1. Internationalism versus Pluralism 183 2. The Narrowing of American Oligarchy 186 3. Democratic Deliberation and Moral Controversy 187 4. Conscience and the Limits of Public Deliberation 189 S. Experiments in Nonviolence 192 6. Civil Disobedience, Referenda and Abolition of Secret Police 194 7. The Fair Value of Liberty 200 8. Globalization and Cosmopolis 205 9. Iraq, "Monicagate," and Secretary Annan 213 10. The Abolition of War 216 11. Revolution in a World without War 217 12. Won't Leadership in a Democratic Movement Eventually Become Problematic? 219 13. A Democratic Realist Criticism and an Internationalist Rejoinder 220 14. The Erosion of Reform and Democratic Movements 221 Notes 223 Bibliography 279 Index 295

Alan Gilbert is a Professor in the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He is the author of Democratic Individuality and Marx's Politics: Communists and Citizens.

"Gilbert's volume is a refreshingly original and provocative work that will receive a good deal of attention in both the United States and Europe."—George W. Downs, Princeton University

• Acknowledgments xv Introduction Power Politics, Antiradical Ideology, and the Constriction of Democracy 3 1. Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism 3 2. The Ancient Critique of Pride and Modern Democratic Internationalism 12 3. The Trajectory of the Argument 15 Table 1: How Realism Leads to Democracy 21 PART ONE: DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM AS AN INTERNAL CRITIQUE OF NEOREALISM AND REALISM 23 Chapter One Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy? 25 1. A Neglected Theoretical Debate 26 2. The Kinship of Official Realism and Dependency 32 3. Is Krasner's "National Interest" Defensible? 34 4. Sophisticated Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 41 S. Gilpin's Restoration of Great-Power Rivalry 44 6. Keobane's Liberalism: Are Contemporary Regimes Cooperative? 49 7. An Internal, Doyle-Keohane Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis 54 8. Internationalism, Feminism, and Postmodernism versus Predatory Realism 57 9. Democracy as an Anomaly for Realism 58 Table 2: A Modification of Table 1: Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 61 Table 3: A Keobane-Doyle Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis, Realism, and Democratic Internationalism from Below 64 Chapter Two Crossing of the Ways: The Vietnam War and Realism in Morgenthau, Niebuhr, and Kennan 66 1. Forgetfulness about Morgenthau 66 2. How to Extract Kissinger from Morgenthau 69 3. Ethical Contradictions about "Power" 73 4. A Realism Consistent with Morgenthau's Stand on Vietnam 76 S. Democratic Criticism, Oligarchic Persecution 79 6. Morgenthau's Mistaken Celebration of Lincoln's Statism 87 7. "Things That Are Not" and -Things That Are 89 8. Exile from the "King's Chapel" 96 9. "Our Military-Industrial Addiction": Kennan's 1984 Reformulation of American Diplomacy 106 10. Social Science and Moral Argument 110 Table 4: Morgenthau's, Niebuhr's, and Kennan's Realisms and Democratic Internationalism 112 PART TWO: FORGOTTEN SOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM 119 Chapter Three "Workers of the World, Unite!": The Possibility of Democratic Feedback 121 1. Global Inequalities and Domestic Repression 121 2. Marx's First Version of Democratic Internationalism: The Revolution of 1848 124 3. The Heroism of the English Workers: Abolition versus Cotton 127 4. International Strike Support 130 S. The Sepoy Rebellion and English Dissensions 131 6. Marx's Second Version of Democratic Internationalism: Ireland as the Key to English Radicalism 133 7. Contemporary Implications I: Algeria, Mozambique, and Rebellion inside the Colonial Power 137 8. Contemporary Implications II: Immigration in California and Europe, and International Redistribution 139 9. The Economic, Social, and Political Consequences of Exploitation 142 Table 5: A Contrast of Democratic and Antidemocratic Feedback 146 Chapter Four Democratic Imperialism and Internal Corruption 148 1. American Political "Science" and Athenian Democracy 148 2. Integrity and Democracy: Thucydides versus Hobbes 1 152 3. Socrates', Thucydides', and Hobbes's Differing Responses to Hubris 156 4. Hobbes against Athens 159 5. Official "Realism" as Corruption: Thucydides versus Hobbes 11 161 6. The Official Realist Misinterpretation of Melos 167 7. War between Democracies: The Syracusan Defeat of Athens 170 8. Thucydides through the Lens of Vietnam 172 Table 6: Why Democracy and Public Corruption Are Central for Thucydides and Anomalies for Hobbes and Neorealism 176 PART THREE: DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND "GAMBLING FOR RESURRECTION" 181 Chapter Five Deliberation as a Medium for Internationalism 183 1. Internationalism versus Pluralism 183 2. The Narrowing of American Oligarchy 186 3. Democratic Deliberation and Moral Controversy 187 4. Conscience and the Limits of Public Deliberation 189 S. Experiments in Nonviolence 192 6. Civil Disobedience, Referenda and Abolition of Secret Police 194 7. The Fair Value of Liberty 200 8. Globalization and Cosmopolis 205 9. Iraq, "Monicagate," and Secretary Annan 213 10. The Abolition of War 216 11. Revolution in a World without War 217 12. Won't Leadership in a Democratic Movement Eventually Become Problematic? 219 13. A Democratic Realist Criticism and an Internationalist Rejoinder 220 14. The Erosion of Reform and Democratic Movements 221 Notes 223 Bibliography 279 Index 295

Alan Gilbert is a Professor in the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He is the author of Democratic Individuality and Marx's Politics: Communists and Citizens.

"Gilbert's volume is a refreshingly original and provocative work that will receive a good deal of attention in both the United States and Europe."—George W. Downs, Princeton University

• Acknowledgments xv Introduction Power Politics, Antiradical Ideology, and the Constriction of Democracy 3 1. Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism 3 2. The Ancient Critique of Pride and Modern Democratic Internationalism 12 3. The Trajectory of the Argument 15 Table 1: How Realism Leads to Democracy 21 PART ONE: DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM AS AN INTERNAL CRITIQUE OF NEOREALISM AND REALISM 23 Chapter One Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy? 25 1. A Neglected Theoretical Debate 26 2. The Kinship of Official Realism and Dependency 32 3. Is Krasner's "National Interest" Defensible? 34 4. Sophisticated Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 41 S. Gilpin's Restoration of Great-Power Rivalry 44 6. Keobane's Liberalism: Are Contemporary Regimes Cooperative? 49 7. An Internal, Doyle-Keohane Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis 54 8. Internationalism, Feminism, and Postmodernism versus Predatory Realism 57 9. Democracy as an Anomaly for Realism 58 Table 2: A Modification of Table 1: Neorealism versus Democratic Internationalism 61 Table 3: A Keobane-Doyle Version of the Democratic-Peace Hypothesis, Realism, and Democratic Internationalism from Below 64 Chapter Two Crossing of the Ways: The Vietnam War and Realism in Morgenthau, Niebuhr, and Kennan 66 1. Forgetfulness about Morgenthau 66 2. How to Extract Kissinger from Morgenthau 69 3. Ethical Contradictions about "Power" 73 4. A Realism Consistent with Morgenthau's Stand on Vietnam 76 S. Democratic Criticism, Oligarchic Persecution 79 6. Morgenthau's Mistaken Celebration of Lincoln's Statism 87 7. "Things That Are Not" and -Things That Are 89 8. Exile from the "King's Chapel" 96 9. "Our Military-Industrial Addiction": Kennan's 1984 Reformulation of American Diplomacy 106 10. Social Science and Moral Argument 110 Table 4: Morgenthau's, Niebuhr's, and Kennan's Realisms and Democratic Internationalism 112 PART TWO: FORGOTTEN SOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONALISM 119 Chapter Three "Workers of the World, Unite!": The Possibility of Democratic Feedback 121 1. Global Inequalities and Domestic Repression 121 2. Marx's First Version of Democratic Internationalism: The Revolution of 1848 124 3. The Heroism of the English Workers: Abolition versus Cotton 127 4. International Strike Support 130 S. The Sepoy Rebellion and English Dissensions 131 6. Marx's Second Version of Democratic Internationalism: Ireland as the Key to English Radicalism 133 7. Contemporary Implications I: Algeria, Mozambique, and Rebellion inside the Colonial Power 137 8. Contemporary Implications II: Immigration in California and Europe, and International Redistribution 139 9. The Economic, Social, and Political Consequences of Exploitation 142 Table 5: A Contrast of Democratic and Antidemocratic Feedback 146 Chapter Four Democratic Imperialism and Internal Corruption 148 1. American Political "Science" and Athenian Democracy 148 2. Integrity and Democracy: Thucydides versus Hobbes 1 152 3. Socrates', Thucydides', and Hobbes's Differing Responses to Hubris 156 4. Hobbes against Athens 159 5. Official "Realism" as Corruption: Thucydides versus Hobbes 11 161 6. The Official Realist Misinterpretation of Melos 167 7. War between Democracies: The Syracusan Defeat of Athens 170 8. Thucydides through the Lens of Vietnam 172 Table 6: Why Democracy and Public Corruption Are Central for Thucydides and Anomalies for Hobbes and Neorealism 176 PART THREE: DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND "GAMBLING FOR RESURRECTION" 181 Chapter Five Deliberation as a Medium for Internationalism 183 1. Internationalism versus Pluralism 183 2. The Narrowing of American Oligarchy 186 3. Democratic Deliberation and Moral Controversy 187 4. Conscience and the Limits of Public Deliberation 189 S. Experiments in Nonviolence 192 6. Civil Disobedience, Referenda and Abolition of Secret Police 194 7. The Fair Value of Liberty 200 8. Globalization and Cosmopolis 205 9. Iraq, "Monicagate," and Secretary Annan 213 10. The Abolition of War 216 11. Revolution in a World without War 217 12. Won't Leadership in a Democratic Movement Eventually Become Problematic? 219 13. A Democratic Realist Criticism and an Internationalist Rejoinder 220 14. The Erosion of Reform and Democratic Movements 221 Notes 223 Bibliography 279 Index 295