Christophe Jaffrelot is director of the Centre d' Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI-Sciences Po/CNRS) in Paris. His books include "India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India".

"No similar collection of primary materials exists, but now no other is necessary."--Brian K. Pennington, Religious Studies Review "Jaffrelot has given us a valuable reference tool. It is possibly one for those who already have some sense of what the significance of Hindu nationalism has been rather than for the absolute beginner. Its strength lies in the clarity of the trajectory it depicts."--Shabum Tejani, Culture and Religion

• Acknowledgements xi Copyright Statement xiii PART 1: INTRODUCTION: THE INVENTION OF AN ETHNIC NATIONALISM 1 Introduction: The Invention of an Ethnic Nationalism 3 An Ideological Reaction to the Other: From Reform to Revivalism in the Nineteenth Century 6 The Political Turn: The Hindu Sabhas Movement 10 The Hindu Sangathan Movement: Hindu Nationalism Crystallizes 12 The Maharashtrian Crucible of Hindu Nationalism 14 The Sangh Parivar Takes Shape 17 Hindu Nationalism and Political Strategy 19 PART 2: THE MAKING AND RESHAPING OF HINDU NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY 27 Chapter 1: Swami Dayananda Saraswati 29 Two Extracts from The Light of Truth (Satyarth Prakash) 31 Chapter 2: R.B. Lal Chand 38 Extract from Self-Abnegation in Politics 40 Chapter 3: Har Bilas Sarda 50 Two Chapters from Hindu Superiority: An Attempt to Determine the Position of the Hindu Race in the Scale of Nations 51 SOCIAL SYSTEM 51 FOREIGN RELATIONS 56 Chapter 4: Madan Mohan Malaviya and Lala Lajpat Rai 61 Presidential Addresses at Two Hindu Mahasabha Annual Meetings 64 MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA: PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1923) 64 LALA LAJPAT RAI'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1925) 69 Chapter 5: Swami Shraddhananda 77 Extract from Hindu Sangathan: Saviour of the Dying Race 79 Chapter 6: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 85 Extract from Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? 87 Chapter 7: M.S. Golwalkar 97 Extracts from We or Our Nationhood Defined 98 Extracts from Bunch of Thoughts 117 Chapter 8: Deendayal Upadhyaya 139 Two Extracts from Integral Humanism 141 Chapter 9: Balraj Madhok 158 Extracts from Indianization? What, Why and How 159 PART 3: HINDU NATIONALIST ISSUES 173 Chapter 10: The RSS and Politics 175 Extract from K.R. Malkani, The RSS Story 179 Extract from Sri Balasaheb Deoras Answers Questions 188 L.K. Advani's Concluding Statement at the National Executive Meeting of the BJP, 18 September 2005 189 Chapter 11: Jammu & Kashmir 193 Extract of a Speech by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee, in the Lok Sabha, on 7 August 1952 195 Preface to BJP on Kashmir 207 Chapter 12: The National Language 218 Extracts from Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Party Documents Vol. 5: Resolutions on Education, etc. and Party Affairs 220 Chapter 13: Conversion and the Arithmetic of Religious Communities 233 Lala Lajpat Rai on Dalits and Conversions 235 Extract from Raj Eshwar, Paravartan (Back to Hinduism): Why and How 244 Chapter 14: Reservation and Social Justice 255 Extract from RSS Resolves: Full Text of Resolutions from 1950 to 1983 258 Extracts from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1991 Lok Sabha Elections 259 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1996 Lok Sabha Elections 261 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1998 Lok Sabha Elections 263 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 1999 Lok Sabha Elections 267 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 2004 Lok Sabha Elections 268 Chapter 15: Education 269 Extracts from Murli Manohar Joshi, 'Reorienting Education' 271 Chapter 16: Ayodhya, the Babri Masjid, and the Ramjanmabhumi Dispute 279 Extract from an Interview of L.K. Advani 282 Extract from L.K. Advani, 'The Ayodhya Movement' 289 Chapter 17: Defence 299 Extract from Jaswant Singh, Defending India 302 Chapter 18: Secularism 313 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'The Bane of Pseudo-Secularism' 315 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'Secularism, the Indian Concept' 318 Chapter 19: The Economy 342 Extract from S. Gurumurthy, 'Swadeshi and Nationalism' 345 Extract from Arun Shourie, 'This is India's Moment, But It's Only a Moment, Can We Grasp It?' 354 Chapter 20: The Diaspora and Hindu Nationalism 361 Documents on the California Textbooks Controversy 364 Bibliography 370

Christophe Jaffrelot is director of the Centre d' Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI-Sciences Po/CNRS) in Paris. His books include "India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India".

"No similar collection of primary materials exists, but now no other is necessary."--Brian K. Pennington, Religious Studies Review "Jaffrelot has given us a valuable reference tool. It is possibly one for those who already have some sense of what the significance of Hindu nationalism has been rather than for the absolute beginner. Its strength lies in the clarity of the trajectory it depicts."--Shabum Tejani, Culture and Religion

• Acknowledgements xi Copyright Statement xiii PART 1: INTRODUCTION: THE INVENTION OF AN ETHNIC NATIONALISM 1 Introduction: The Invention of an Ethnic Nationalism 3 An Ideological Reaction to the Other: From Reform to Revivalism in the Nineteenth Century 6 The Political Turn: The Hindu Sabhas Movement 10 The Hindu Sangathan Movement: Hindu Nationalism Crystallizes 12 The Maharashtrian Crucible of Hindu Nationalism 14 The Sangh Parivar Takes Shape 17 Hindu Nationalism and Political Strategy 19 PART 2: THE MAKING AND RESHAPING OF HINDU NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY 27 Chapter 1: Swami Dayananda Saraswati 29 Two Extracts from The Light of Truth (Satyarth Prakash) 31 Chapter 2: R.B. Lal Chand 38 Extract from Self-Abnegation in Politics 40 Chapter 3: Har Bilas Sarda 50 Two Chapters from Hindu Superiority: An Attempt to Determine the Position of the Hindu Race in the Scale of Nations 51 SOCIAL SYSTEM 51 FOREIGN RELATIONS 56 Chapter 4: Madan Mohan Malaviya and Lala Lajpat Rai 61 Presidential Addresses at Two Hindu Mahasabha Annual Meetings 64 MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA: PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1923) 64 LALA LAJPAT RAI'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1925) 69 Chapter 5: Swami Shraddhananda 77 Extract from Hindu Sangathan: Saviour of the Dying Race 79 Chapter 6: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 85 Extract from Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? 87 Chapter 7: M.S. Golwalkar 97 Extracts from We or Our Nationhood Defined 98 Extracts from Bunch of Thoughts 117 Chapter 8: Deendayal Upadhyaya 139 Two Extracts from Integral Humanism 141 Chapter 9: Balraj Madhok 158 Extracts from Indianization? What, Why and How 159 PART 3: HINDU NATIONALIST ISSUES 173 Chapter 10: The RSS and Politics 175 Extract from K.R. Malkani, The RSS Story 179 Extract from Sri Balasaheb Deoras Answers Questions 188 L.K. Advani's Concluding Statement at the National Executive Meeting of the BJP, 18 September 2005 189 Chapter 11: Jammu & Kashmir 193 Extract of a Speech by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee, in the Lok Sabha, on 7 August 1952 195 Preface to BJP on Kashmir 207 Chapter 12: The National Language 218 Extracts from Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Party Documents Vol. 5: Resolutions on Education, etc. and Party Affairs 220 Chapter 13: Conversion and the Arithmetic of Religious Communities 233 Lala Lajpat Rai on Dalits and Conversions 235 Extract from Raj Eshwar, Paravartan (Back to Hinduism): Why and How 244 Chapter 14: Reservation and Social Justice 255 Extract from RSS Resolves: Full Text of Resolutions from 1950 to 1983 258 Extracts from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1991 Lok Sabha Elections 259 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1996 Lok Sabha Elections 261 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1998 Lok Sabha Elections 263 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 1999 Lok Sabha Elections 267 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 2004 Lok Sabha Elections 268 Chapter 15: Education 269 Extracts from Murli Manohar Joshi, 'Reorienting Education' 271 Chapter 16: Ayodhya, the Babri Masjid, and the Ramjanmabhumi Dispute 279 Extract from an Interview of L.K. Advani 282 Extract from L.K. Advani, 'The Ayodhya Movement' 289 Chapter 17: Defence 299 Extract from Jaswant Singh, Defending India 302 Chapter 18: Secularism 313 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'The Bane of Pseudo-Secularism' 315 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'Secularism, the Indian Concept' 318 Chapter 19: The Economy 342 Extract from S. Gurumurthy, 'Swadeshi and Nationalism' 345 Extract from Arun Shourie, 'This is India's Moment, But It's Only a Moment, Can We Grasp It?' 354 Chapter 20: The Diaspora and Hindu Nationalism 361 Documents on the California Textbooks Controversy 364 Bibliography 370

Christophe Jaffrelot is director of the Centre d' Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI-Sciences Po/CNRS) in Paris. His books include "India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India".

"No similar collection of primary materials exists, but now no other is necessary."--Brian K. Pennington, Religious Studies Review "Jaffrelot has given us a valuable reference tool. It is possibly one for those who already have some sense of what the significance of Hindu nationalism has been rather than for the absolute beginner. Its strength lies in the clarity of the trajectory it depicts."--Shabum Tejani, Culture and Religion

• Acknowledgements xi Copyright Statement xiii PART 1: INTRODUCTION: THE INVENTION OF AN ETHNIC NATIONALISM 1 Introduction: The Invention of an Ethnic Nationalism 3 An Ideological Reaction to the Other: From Reform to Revivalism in the Nineteenth Century 6 The Political Turn: The Hindu Sabhas Movement 10 The Hindu Sangathan Movement: Hindu Nationalism Crystallizes 12 The Maharashtrian Crucible of Hindu Nationalism 14 The Sangh Parivar Takes Shape 17 Hindu Nationalism and Political Strategy 19 PART 2: THE MAKING AND RESHAPING OF HINDU NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY 27 Chapter 1: Swami Dayananda Saraswati 29 Two Extracts from The Light of Truth (Satyarth Prakash) 31 Chapter 2: R.B. Lal Chand 38 Extract from Self-Abnegation in Politics 40 Chapter 3: Har Bilas Sarda 50 Two Chapters from Hindu Superiority: An Attempt to Determine the Position of the Hindu Race in the Scale of Nations 51 SOCIAL SYSTEM 51 FOREIGN RELATIONS 56 Chapter 4: Madan Mohan Malaviya and Lala Lajpat Rai 61 Presidential Addresses at Two Hindu Mahasabha Annual Meetings 64 MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA: PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1923) 64 LALA LAJPAT RAI'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, AS REPORTED (1925) 69 Chapter 5: Swami Shraddhananda 77 Extract from Hindu Sangathan: Saviour of the Dying Race 79 Chapter 6: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 85 Extract from Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? 87 Chapter 7: M.S. Golwalkar 97 Extracts from We or Our Nationhood Defined 98 Extracts from Bunch of Thoughts 117 Chapter 8: Deendayal Upadhyaya 139 Two Extracts from Integral Humanism 141 Chapter 9: Balraj Madhok 158 Extracts from Indianization? What, Why and How 159 PART 3: HINDU NATIONALIST ISSUES 173 Chapter 10: The RSS and Politics 175 Extract from K.R. Malkani, The RSS Story 179 Extract from Sri Balasaheb Deoras Answers Questions 188 L.K. Advani's Concluding Statement at the National Executive Meeting of the BJP, 18 September 2005 189 Chapter 11: Jammu & Kashmir 193 Extract of a Speech by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee, in the Lok Sabha, on 7 August 1952 195 Preface to BJP on Kashmir 207 Chapter 12: The National Language 218 Extracts from Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Party Documents Vol. 5: Resolutions on Education, etc. and Party Affairs 220 Chapter 13: Conversion and the Arithmetic of Religious Communities 233 Lala Lajpat Rai on Dalits and Conversions 235 Extract from Raj Eshwar, Paravartan (Back to Hinduism): Why and How 244 Chapter 14: Reservation and Social Justice 255 Extract from RSS Resolves: Full Text of Resolutions from 1950 to 1983 258 Extracts from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1991 Lok Sabha Elections 259 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1996 Lok Sabha Elections 261 Extract from 'BJP Election Manifesto', 1998 Lok Sabha Elections 263 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 1999 Lok Sabha Elections 267 Extract from 'NDA Election Manifesto', 2004 Lok Sabha Elections 268 Chapter 15: Education 269 Extracts from Murli Manohar Joshi, 'Reorienting Education' 271 Chapter 16: Ayodhya, the Babri Masjid, and the Ramjanmabhumi Dispute 279 Extract from an Interview of L.K. Advani 282 Extract from L.K. Advani, 'The Ayodhya Movement' 289 Chapter 17: Defence 299 Extract from Jaswant Singh, Defending India 302 Chapter 18: Secularism 313 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'The Bane of Pseudo-Secularism' 315 Extract from Atal Behari Vajpayee, 'Secularism, the Indian Concept' 318 Chapter 19: The Economy 342 Extract from S. Gurumurthy, 'Swadeshi and Nationalism' 345 Extract from Arun Shourie, 'This is India's Moment, But It's Only a Moment, Can We Grasp It?' 354 Chapter 20: The Diaspora and Hindu Nationalism 361 Documents on the California Textbooks Controversy 364 Bibliography 370