It Started with the Hats

Paul F. Joyce is assistant professor and chair of the criminal justice and criminology department at Salve Regina University in Newport, RI. He was a police officer for more than thirty-one years, including twenty-eight years with the Boston Police Department, policing street gangs and developing strategies to address youth gang violence.

“This book packs a punch. Joyce pulls back the curtain on Boston’s gangland to unveil the trials and tribulations of the boys who were there when it started and the men they became. Having policed the city for 28 years before undertaking his graduate training in criminology, Joyce is uniquely positioned to tell this story in the pursuit of a safer future for youth in Boston and beyond.”—David C. Pyrooz, author of On Gangs and Competing for Control: Gangs and the Social Order of Prisons“Paul F. Joyce was a Boston Police Department street cop in the late 80s and 90s, the most violent period in Boston’s long history. He played a critical role in creating multi-disciplinary partnerships, formed to address the violence in a comprehensive approach: prevention, intervention, and enforcement. Paul had a passion in those days for thinking outside the box and identifying novel solutions to deep-seated problems. His passion continues, as evidenced by his detailed research into the lives of young people who were caught up in the gang life years ago—those who successfully transitioned from that life and those that did not. Joyce’s ability to connect with these men and report in their own words what made the difference is a valuable, powerful work which should serve as a guide for assisting individuals in desisting from crime.”—Paul F. Evans, former Boston police commissioner“Most of the people in the community I serve in Roxbury, MA, agree on what ‘bad’ cops look like. We’ve seen the unjust and lethal damage they’ve done to Black bodies and the trust they’ve betrayed. Paul Joyce is the epitome of a good cop. His work on the front lines of Boston’s gang violence revealed a cop who was tough but fair, who did not shirk his responsibility, and who managed to see the humanity in everyone he dealt with, regardless of the circumstances. In his book, Joyce amplifies the voices of those once at the epicenter of countless deadly urban storms, men who have lived hard lives, seen evil and death, survived against the greatest of odds, and have much to teach the rest of us. I am honored to endorse this book. The story it tells is more important today than ever before.”—Reverend Liz Walker, former pastor of the Roxbury Presbyterian Church, founder of “Can We Talk…”“Paul Joyce has long realized that violence and its causes are complicated, and they sit well beyond the act that caused the harm and devastation. As a police officer and member of the Boston Police Department’s Command Staff, I was fortunate to witness and learn from his approach and thoughtfulness firsthand. This book allows the reader to experience his observations and writing through an academic and human lens simultaneously. His candid interviews are a reminder that none of us are just ‘one thing,’ and that entrance into and exit from an unhealthy, reckless, and violent lifestyle is a complicated journey.”—Daniel P. Mulhern, former director of public safety for the City of Boston and former chief of the gang unit for the Suffolk County District Attorney’s office“If we are to make progress as a society against the scourge of gang violence, we must learn from those front-line personnel whose lived experiences give them rare insight into the forces that promote as well as those that alleviate the resort to guns as a solution to life challenges. Paul Joyce, former gang officer and superintendent for the Boston Police, has written that rarest of books: one that combines firsthand experience with hundreds of gang members—and the hard and patient listening that goes with hearing their stories—with the insights that have been developed by leading scholars of gang life. Joyce, with this book, now joins the ranks of those who shed crucial and illuminating light on the real world of gangs. If policymakers and practitioners would only listen to what Joyce has learned, we would greatly increase our chances in society of saving lives and restoring communities.”—Ron Corbett, former acting commissioner, Massachusetts Probation Service“In this book, Joyce weaves historical narrative on gangs in Boston during the 1980s and 1990s with life histories of men who were active in the gang during those decades. In doing so, he creates an incredibly rich portrait of Boston gangs during this time. This work advances our knowledge on the long-term consequences of gang membership and involvement in crime.”—Dena C. Carson, associate professor, Indiana University Indianapolis“Creating pathways out of gang life, or the elimination of gangs altogether, requires an all-community response. As evidenced by the stories and experiences of these young men, it is not an impossible dream.”—Marilyn Chase, Massachusetts Health and Human Services assistant secretary (ret.)

• CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: The Importance of Studying Gang Membership over the Life Course1. Finding and Contacting the Men: Methods of Study2. Setting the Foundation for Gang Membership: Neighborhood, Family, and Education3. Tracing the Origins of Boston’s Late-1980s Street Gangs4. It’s Our Time: Life in the Gang5. Leaving the Gang Life and Crime6. No Escape from the Gang Life and Crime7. Concluding ThoughtsEpilogueNotesReferencesIndex