Myles Osborne is an associate professor of history at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is the author of Ethnicity and Empire in Kenya: Loyalty and Martial Race among the Kamba, c. 1800 to the Present, coauthor of Africans and Britons in the Age of Empires, 1660–1980, and editor of The Life and Times of General China: Mau Mau and the End of Empire in Kenya.

This superb collection represents one of the most exciting interventions in the field of African military history for many years. The volume makes an enormous contribution to our understanding of the function and form of colonial armies in Africa, as well as of their socioeconomic, cultural, and political impacts. - Richard Reid, University of Oxford An important collection of essays illustrating the need for continued research on the complexities and changes around military identities in African history. - Tim Stapleton, University of Calgary

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Martial Races in African History MYLES OSBORNE 1 In Mombasa They Are “Like Prisoners” to the Mijikenda: Martiality, Trade, and Inland Influences on a Swahili Port City DAVID BRESNAHAN2 Martial Races in Alawite and French Protectorate Morocco: Black Soldiers, Slavery, and Women’s Labor in the Abid al-Bukhari and Tirailleurs Sénégalais SARAH J. ZIMMERMAN3 A Question of Interpretation: Warfare and Martial Race Theory in West Africa SARAH DAVIS WESTWOOD4 “Black Skin, White Heart:” The Construction of the Martial Race Category in French West Africa STÉPHANIE SOUBRIER5 Women, Militarism, and Martial Identities among the Acholi of Northern Uganda, 1800–1962 LUCY TAYLOR6 “To Cool the Hot Blood of a Martial Race:” Balancing Zulu Martiality and British Colonial Anxieties, 1879–1906 LIZ TIMBS7 “Brotherhood That Binds the Brave:” Sudanese Soldiers and the Paradox of Martial Identities in the Age of Empire RON LAMOTHE and MICHELLE MOYD8 From “Savage” to “Serviceable:” Changing Attitudes toward a Martial African Society in German East Africa STEVEN FABIAN9 The Yoruba as a “Martial Race:” The History of an Idea and Its Alternatives, 1890–1960 OLIVER COATES 10 From Martial Races to a People’s Army: Decolonization and Martial Identity in Tanzania CHARLES G. THOMAS Afterword: Martial Races in Africa and India HEATHER STREETS-SALTERContributorsIndex

Myles Osborne is an associate professor of history at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is the author of Ethnicity and Empire in Kenya: Loyalty and Martial Race among the Kamba, c. 1800 to the Present, coauthor of Africans and Britons in the Age of Empires, 1660–1980, and editor of The Life and Times of General China: Mau Mau and the End of Empire in Kenya.

This superb collection represents one of the most exciting interventions in the field of African military history for many years. The volume makes an enormous contribution to our understanding of the function and form of colonial armies in Africa, as well as of their socioeconomic, cultural, and political impacts. - Richard Reid, University of Oxford An important collection of essays illustrating the need for continued research on the complexities and changes around military identities in African history. - Tim Stapleton, University of Calgary

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Martial Races in African History MYLES OSBORNE 1 In Mombasa They Are “Like Prisoners” to the Mijikenda: Martiality, Trade, and Inland Influences on a Swahili Port City DAVID BRESNAHAN2 Martial Races in Alawite and French Protectorate Morocco: Black Soldiers, Slavery, and Women’s Labor in the Abid al-Bukhari and Tirailleurs Sénégalais SARAH J. ZIMMERMAN3 A Question of Interpretation: Warfare and Martial Race Theory in West Africa SARAH DAVIS WESTWOOD4 “Black Skin, White Heart:” The Construction of the Martial Race Category in French West Africa STÉPHANIE SOUBRIER5 Women, Militarism, and Martial Identities among the Acholi of Northern Uganda, 1800–1962 LUCY TAYLOR6 “To Cool the Hot Blood of a Martial Race:” Balancing Zulu Martiality and British Colonial Anxieties, 1879–1906 LIZ TIMBS7 “Brotherhood That Binds the Brave:” Sudanese Soldiers and the Paradox of Martial Identities in the Age of Empire RON LAMOTHE and MICHELLE MOYD8 From “Savage” to “Serviceable:” Changing Attitudes toward a Martial African Society in German East Africa STEVEN FABIAN9 The Yoruba as a “Martial Race:” The History of an Idea and Its Alternatives, 1890–1960 OLIVER COATES 10 From Martial Races to a People’s Army: Decolonization and Martial Identity in Tanzania CHARLES G. THOMAS Afterword: Martial Races in Africa and India HEATHER STREETS-SALTERContributorsIndex

Myles Osborne is an associate professor of history at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is the author of Ethnicity and Empire in Kenya: Loyalty and Martial Race among the Kamba, c. 1800 to the Present, coauthor of Africans and Britons in the Age of Empires, 1660–1980, and editor of The Life and Times of General China: Mau Mau and the End of Empire in Kenya.

This superb collection represents one of the most exciting interventions in the field of African military history for many years. The volume makes an enormous contribution to our understanding of the function and form of colonial armies in Africa, as well as of their socioeconomic, cultural, and political impacts. - Richard Reid, University of Oxford An important collection of essays illustrating the need for continued research on the complexities and changes around military identities in African history. - Tim Stapleton, University of Calgary

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Martial Races in African History MYLES OSBORNE 1 In Mombasa They Are “Like Prisoners” to the Mijikenda: Martiality, Trade, and Inland Influences on a Swahili Port City DAVID BRESNAHAN2 Martial Races in Alawite and French Protectorate Morocco: Black Soldiers, Slavery, and Women’s Labor in the Abid al-Bukhari and Tirailleurs Sénégalais SARAH J. ZIMMERMAN3 A Question of Interpretation: Warfare and Martial Race Theory in West Africa SARAH DAVIS WESTWOOD4 “Black Skin, White Heart:” The Construction of the Martial Race Category in French West Africa STÉPHANIE SOUBRIER5 Women, Militarism, and Martial Identities among the Acholi of Northern Uganda, 1800–1962 LUCY TAYLOR6 “To Cool the Hot Blood of a Martial Race:” Balancing Zulu Martiality and British Colonial Anxieties, 1879–1906 LIZ TIMBS7 “Brotherhood That Binds the Brave:” Sudanese Soldiers and the Paradox of Martial Identities in the Age of Empire RON LAMOTHE and MICHELLE MOYD8 From “Savage” to “Serviceable:” Changing Attitudes toward a Martial African Society in German East Africa STEVEN FABIAN9 The Yoruba as a “Martial Race:” The History of an Idea and Its Alternatives, 1890–1960 OLIVER COATES 10 From Martial Races to a People’s Army: Decolonization and Martial Identity in Tanzania CHARLES G. THOMAS Afterword: Martial Races in Africa and India HEATHER STREETS-SALTERContributorsIndex