Motivational Science

E. Tory Higgins, Arie W. Kruglanski

"This volume beautifully captures those advances that have gone the distance in refining our understanding of links between motivation and cognition. I can think of no better way to inspire interest and to educate in this growing arena."-Professor Susan Andersen, New York University.""This excellent collection offers key readings in motivation science in one place. Together with the editors' thoughtful and comprehensive introduction, it is an invaluable teaching resource at the graduate and advanced undergraduate levels." -Professor Norbert Schwarz, University of Michigan.""Motivational Science contains a wonderful collection of core readings organized in a fascinating way by two wise scholars of social psychology. This volume provides a motivational complement to the more typical cognitive approaches in this field and usefully connects social psychology to historically significant approaches to human behavior. Instructors will need and want to use this collection in their courses on motivation and emotion, personality, and social psychology." -Professor Peter Salovey, Yale University."

• Introduction. E. T. Higgins & A. Kruglanski, Motivational Science: The Nature and Functions of Wanting. Part I: Basic Wants. Introduction. T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg, & S. Solomon, Why Do We Need What We Need?: A Terror Management Perspective on the Roots of Human Social Motivation. R. Baumeister & M. Leary, The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. M. B. Brewer, The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time. A. Tesser, M. Millar, & J. Moore, Some Affective Consequences of Social Comparison and Reflection Processes: The Pain and Pleasure of Being Close. Part II: When Wants Change. Introduction. N. Cantor, Life Task Problem-Solving: Situational Affordances and Personal Needs. S. Folkman, R. Lazurus, C. D. Schetter, A. DeLongis & R. Gruen, The Dynamics of a Stressful Encounter. E. Deci & R. Ryan, The Support of Autonomy and the Control of Behavior. Part III: Bridging the Gap Between Knowing and Doing. Introduction. J. Atkinson, Motivational Determinants of Risk-Taking Behavior. I. Ajzen, & M. Fishbein, The Prediction of Behavior from Attitudinal and Normative Variables. A. Bandura & D. Cervone, Self-Evaluative and Self-Efficacy Mechanisms Governing the Motivational Effects of Goal Systems. R. Vallacher & D. Wegner, What Do People Think They are Doing?: Action Identification and Human Behavior. W. Mischel & Y. Shoda, A Cognitive-Affective System Theory of Personality: Reconceptualizing Situations, Dispositions, Dynamics, and Invariance in Personality Structure. Part IV: Getting What You Want. Introduction. C. S. Carver & M. Scheier, Origins and Functions of Positive and Negative Affect: A Control-Process View. E. Higgins, Beyond Pleasure and Pain. P. Gollwitzer, H. Heckhausen & B. Stellar, Deliberative vs. Implemental Mind-Sets: Cognitive Tuning Toward Congruous Thoughts and Information. W. Swann Jr., Identity Negotiation: Where Two Roads Meet. Part V: Knowing From Wanting. Introduction. Z. Kunda, The Case for Motivated Reasoning. M. Zanna & J. Cooper, Dissonance and the Pill: An Attribution Approach to Studying the Arousal Properties of Dissonance. R. Sorrentino, D. Bobocel, M. Gitta, J. Olson, & E. Hewitt, Uncertainty Orientation and Persuasion: Individual Differences in the Effects of Personal Relevance on Social Judgments. A. Kruglanski & D. Webster, Motivated Closing of the Mind: "Seizing" and "Freezing". Part VI: Wanting from Knowing. Introduction. B. Weiner & A. Kukla, An Attributional Analysis of Achievement Motivation. C. Dweck & E. Leggett, A Social-Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality. D. Zillmann, R. Johnson & K. Day, Attribution of Apparent Arousal and Proficiency of Recovery from Sympathetic Activation Affecting Excitation Transfer to Aggressive Behavior.