-... A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world.- --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review -This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling.- --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology -His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism.- --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." "--"A. James Gregor, " American Political Science Review" "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." "--"John R. Low-Beer, "Contemporary Sociology"

• Introduction, Part I: Theoretical Background, 1 Authoritarianism in Modern Society, 2 Social Mobilization and Political Change, 3 Middle-Class Authoritarianism and Fascism: Europe and Latin America, 4 Lower-Class Authoritarianism and National Populism, Part II: A Case Study of National Populism and a Comparison with Classic Fascism, 5 Political Traditions and Social Mobilization at the Root of a National Populist Movement: Argentine Peronism, 6 Structural Change, Fascist Attempts, and the Rise of Lower Classes and National Populism7 Political, Cultural, and Structural Changes in the Rise of Liberal Populism and National Populism, 8 Middle Classes, Working Classes, and Social Mobilization in the Rise of Italian Fascism: A Comparison with the Argentine Case, Part III: Mobilization From Above 9 Political Socialization of Youth in Fascist Regimes: Italy and Spain.

-... A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world.- --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review -This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling.- --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology -His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism.- --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." "--"A. James Gregor, " American Political Science Review" "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." "--"John R. Low-Beer, "Contemporary Sociology"

• Introduction, Part I: Theoretical Background, 1 Authoritarianism in Modern Society, 2 Social Mobilization and Political Change, 3 Middle-Class Authoritarianism and Fascism: Europe and Latin America, 4 Lower-Class Authoritarianism and National Populism, Part II: A Case Study of National Populism and a Comparison with Classic Fascism, 5 Political Traditions and Social Mobilization at the Root of a National Populist Movement: Argentine Peronism, 6 Structural Change, Fascist Attempts, and the Rise of Lower Classes and National Populism7 Political, Cultural, and Structural Changes in the Rise of Liberal Populism and National Populism, 8 Middle Classes, Working Classes, and Social Mobilization in the Rise of Italian Fascism: A Comparison with the Argentine Case, Part III: Mobilization From Above 9 Political Socialization of Youth in Fascist Regimes: Italy and Spain.

-... A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world.- --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review -This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling.- --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology -His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism.- --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology ..". A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." --A. James Gregor, American Political Science Review "This book's main argument is that fascism proper should be seen as primarily a middle-class reactionary movement, while lower-class authoritarianism of the Argentinian sort demands a separate category, which Germani calls national populism. . . . The book is an inductive attempt to derive from two closely argued empirical cases a theory of two pathways leading from the breakdown of democracy to authoritarianism: one the better-known route from middle-class mobilization to fascism, the other the less familiar route from lower-class mobilization to authoritarian populism. . . . Institutional and interpretive analyses complement the quantitative ones, making the empirical sections of the book singularly compelling." --Barbara Celarent, American Journal of Sociology "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." --John R. Low-Beer, Contemporary Sociology .".. A stimulating book. It will provoke discussion and contribute to a more profound understanding of the phenomena that have shaped, and are shaping, our world." "--"A. James Gregor, " American Political Science Review" "His primary interest here is in processes at the intermediate level, not at a macro level. The book shows how rewarding analysis at this level can be. It is a major contribution to the sociological literature on fascism and authoritarianism." "--"John R. Low-Beer, "Contemporary Sociology"

• Introduction, Part I: Theoretical Background, 1 Authoritarianism in Modern Society, 2 Social Mobilization and Political Change, 3 Middle-Class Authoritarianism and Fascism: Europe and Latin America, 4 Lower-Class Authoritarianism and National Populism, Part II: A Case Study of National Populism and a Comparison with Classic Fascism, 5 Political Traditions and Social Mobilization at the Root of a National Populist Movement: Argentine Peronism, 6 Structural Change, Fascist Attempts, and the Rise of Lower Classes and National Populism7 Political, Cultural, and Structural Changes in the Rise of Liberal Populism and National Populism, 8 Middle Classes, Working Classes, and Social Mobilization in the Rise of Italian Fascism: A Comparison with the Argentine Case, Part III: Mobilization From Above 9 Political Socialization of Youth in Fascist Regimes: Italy and Spain.