Latika Chaudhary is Associate Professor of Economics at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Her recent publications include 'Railways, Development and Literacy in India' in the Journal of Economic History (2023) and 'The Growth Contribution of Colonial Indian Railways in Comparative Perspective' in Economic History Review (2024). Tirthankar Roy is Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics. His publications include Water and Development: The Troubled Economic History of the Arid Tropics and Land or Sea? How Geography Shaped the Emergence of Colonialism. Anand V. Swamy is Class of 1924 Professor of Economics, Williams College. He is a co-author of Law and the Economy in Colonial India (2016), and Law and the Economy in a Young Democracy (2022).

• List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface and acknowledgements; 1. Introduction to Part II Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand V. Swamy; 2. The economic effects of the partition Gyanesh Kudaisya and Tan Tai Yong; 3. Growth, poverty and inequality Gaurav Datt and Anand V. Swamy; 4. Agriculture after independence Sudha Narayanan; 5. Industry in the post-independence era Arvind Panagariya; 6. The journey of Indian finance Ajay Shah; 7. Business history since 1947 Tirthankar Roy; 8. India's regional economies: divergence, stability and change R. Nagaraj; 9. India's development policy: from independence to now Kaushik Basu; 10. Law and the economy Jaivir Singh; 11. Public goods Hemanshu Kumar and Rohini Somanathan; 12. Caste and tribe Ashwini Deshpande; 13. Women and the economy Sonia Bhalotra and Lakshmi Iyer; 14. Labour, employment and wages K. V. Ramaswamy; 15. Economics effects of international migration from India Devesh Kapur; 16. Urbanization: 1947 – present Annapurna Shaw; 17. Environment and development in independent India Anand V. Swamy and Shreekant Gupta; 18. Pakistan's economic history: key turning points, 1947–2022 Rashid Amjad; 19. Bangladesh: 1947 to the present Tirthankar Roy and Binayak Sen; 20. Conclusion Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand Swamy; Index.

Latika Chaudhary is Associate Professor of Economics at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Her recent publications include 'Railways, Development and Literacy in India' in the Journal of Economic History (2023) and 'The Growth Contribution of Colonial Indian Railways in Comparative Perspective' in Economic History Review (2024). Tirthankar Roy is Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics. His publications include Water and Development: The Troubled Economic History of the Arid Tropics and Land or Sea? How Geography Shaped the Emergence of Colonialism. Anand V. Swamy is Class of 1924 Professor of Economics, Williams College. He is a co-author of Law and the Economy in Colonial India (2016), and Law and the Economy in a Young Democracy (2022).

• List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface and acknowledgements; 1. Introduction to Part II Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand V. Swamy; 2. The economic effects of the partition Gyanesh Kudaisya and Tan Tai Yong; 3. Growth, poverty and inequality Gaurav Datt and Anand V. Swamy; 4. Agriculture after independence Sudha Narayanan; 5. Industry in the post-independence era Arvind Panagariya; 6. The journey of Indian finance Ajay Shah; 7. Business history since 1947 Tirthankar Roy; 8. India's regional economies: divergence, stability and change R. Nagaraj; 9. India's development policy: from independence to now Kaushik Basu; 10. Law and the economy Jaivir Singh; 11. Public goods Hemanshu Kumar and Rohini Somanathan; 12. Caste and tribe Ashwini Deshpande; 13. Women and the economy Sonia Bhalotra and Lakshmi Iyer; 14. Labour, employment and wages K. V. Ramaswamy; 15. Economics effects of international migration from India Devesh Kapur; 16. Urbanization: 1947 – present Annapurna Shaw; 17. Environment and development in independent India Anand V. Swamy and Shreekant Gupta; 18. Pakistan's economic history: key turning points, 1947–2022 Rashid Amjad; 19. Bangladesh: 1947 to the present Tirthankar Roy and Binayak Sen; 20. Conclusion Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand Swamy; Index.

Latika Chaudhary is Associate Professor of Economics at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Her recent publications include 'Railways, Development and Literacy in India' in the Journal of Economic History (2023) and 'The Growth Contribution of Colonial Indian Railways in Comparative Perspective' in Economic History Review (2024). Tirthankar Roy is Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics. His publications include Water and Development: The Troubled Economic History of the Arid Tropics and Land or Sea? How Geography Shaped the Emergence of Colonialism. Anand V. Swamy is Class of 1924 Professor of Economics, Williams College. He is a co-author of Law and the Economy in Colonial India (2016), and Law and the Economy in a Young Democracy (2022).

• List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface and acknowledgements; 1. Introduction to Part II Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand V. Swamy; 2. The economic effects of the partition Gyanesh Kudaisya and Tan Tai Yong; 3. Growth, poverty and inequality Gaurav Datt and Anand V. Swamy; 4. Agriculture after independence Sudha Narayanan; 5. Industry in the post-independence era Arvind Panagariya; 6. The journey of Indian finance Ajay Shah; 7. Business history since 1947 Tirthankar Roy; 8. India's regional economies: divergence, stability and change R. Nagaraj; 9. India's development policy: from independence to now Kaushik Basu; 10. Law and the economy Jaivir Singh; 11. Public goods Hemanshu Kumar and Rohini Somanathan; 12. Caste and tribe Ashwini Deshpande; 13. Women and the economy Sonia Bhalotra and Lakshmi Iyer; 14. Labour, employment and wages K. V. Ramaswamy; 15. Economics effects of international migration from India Devesh Kapur; 16. Urbanization: 1947 – present Annapurna Shaw; 17. Environment and development in independent India Anand V. Swamy and Shreekant Gupta; 18. Pakistan's economic history: key turning points, 1947–2022 Rashid Amjad; 19. Bangladesh: 1947 to the present Tirthankar Roy and Binayak Sen; 20. Conclusion Latika Chaudhary, Tirthankar Roy and Anand Swamy; Index.