Francesco Cavatorta is Professor in the Department of Political Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. He is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.Valeria Resta is Guest Lecturer in the Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.

• 1. Elections in the Middle East and North Africa Part 1: Elections in authoritarian settings 2. The functions of authoritarian elections: symbolism, safety valves and clientelism 3. Elections and the management of plurality in Algeria 4. Parliamentary elections under Mohamed VI’s reign (2002-2021) 5. Electoral districts in Jordan: an analytical study 6. Elections in Mauritania: the role of the military 7. "Only Me": Repression, Legal Engineering, and State-Managed Elections in Sisi’s Egypt Part 2: Elections in democratic and quasi-democratic settings 8. Israel's Electoral System and Political Instability: Electoral Fragmentation, Party Unity and the Prime Ministers' Political Leadership 9. When free and fair elections are not enough. Party fragmentation and unaccountability in Tunisia 10. Pre-electoral coalitions in Iraq: the case of the Communist-Sadrist alliance 11. Elections and democratic backsliding in Turkey 12. From one-sect one-vote to one-man one-vote? Demands for reforming the electoral system in Lebanon 13. Competition under systemic religious constraints: presidential elections in Iran Part 3: Rules, institutions and the infrastructure of elections 14. The management of elections in Tunisia: the Independent High Authority for Elections 15. Partial and non-partisan: the municipal council elections in Saudi Arabia 16. Elections in the Arab world: international monitoring and assistance 17. The independence referendum in Kurdistan 18. Gender Quotas, Constituency Service, and Women’s Empowerment: Lessons from Algeria Part 4: Elections and campaigning 19. A minority goes to the polls: Arab voters in Israel 20. Elections in Occupied Palestine: control, resistance and contention 21. Electoral campaigns in post-Ben Ali’s Tunisia: electoral expertise and renewed clientelism 22. Digital strategies of Tunisian political parties: the case of the 2018 local elections 23. The role of media in electoral campaigns in the pandemic era. The case of Kuwait 24. Opposition Coordination under a Competitive Authoritarian Regime. The Case of the 2019 Local Elections in Turkey 25. Polarisation and elections under competitive authoritarianism: the case of Turkey after 2013 26. From ballots to bullets: Libyan 2012 elections as the origin of the unachieved transition Part 5: Voting behaviour 27. The rationality of the Arab voter 28. Clientelism in MENA elections 29. The consequences on Arab voters of Arab Palestinian parties’ quest for power in Israeli politics 30. Class and religious cleavages. The case of Lebanon 31. Ideology and electoral choices in Arab elections 32. The Arab Generation Z: from Disillusionment to Pragmatism

Francesco Cavatorta is Professor in the Department of Political Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. He is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.Valeria Resta is Guest Lecturer in the Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.

• 1. Elections in the Middle East and North Africa Part 1: Elections in authoritarian settings 2. The functions of authoritarian elections: symbolism, safety valves and clientelism 3. Elections and the management of plurality in Algeria 4. Parliamentary elections under Mohamed VI’s reign (2002-2021) 5. Electoral districts in Jordan: an analytical study 6. Elections in Mauritania: the role of the military 7. "Only Me": Repression, Legal Engineering, and State-Managed Elections in Sisi’s Egypt Part 2: Elections in democratic and quasi-democratic settings 8. Israel's Electoral System and Political Instability: Electoral Fragmentation, Party Unity and the Prime Ministers' Political Leadership 9. When free and fair elections are not enough. Party fragmentation and unaccountability in Tunisia 10. Pre-electoral coalitions in Iraq: the case of the Communist-Sadrist alliance 11. Elections and democratic backsliding in Turkey 12. From one-sect one-vote to one-man one-vote? Demands for reforming the electoral system in Lebanon 13. Competition under systemic religious constraints: presidential elections in Iran Part 3: Rules, institutions and the infrastructure of elections 14. The management of elections in Tunisia: the Independent High Authority for Elections 15. Partial and non-partisan: the municipal council elections in Saudi Arabia 16. Elections in the Arab world: international monitoring and assistance 17. The independence referendum in Kurdistan 18. Gender Quotas, Constituency Service, and Women’s Empowerment: Lessons from Algeria Part 4: Elections and campaigning 19. A minority goes to the polls: Arab voters in Israel 20. Elections in Occupied Palestine: control, resistance and contention 21. Electoral campaigns in post-Ben Ali’s Tunisia: electoral expertise and renewed clientelism 22. Digital strategies of Tunisian political parties: the case of the 2018 local elections 23. The role of media in electoral campaigns in the pandemic era. The case of Kuwait 24. Opposition Coordination under a Competitive Authoritarian Regime. The Case of the 2019 Local Elections in Turkey 25. Polarisation and elections under competitive authoritarianism: the case of Turkey after 2013 26. From ballots to bullets: Libyan 2012 elections as the origin of the unachieved transition Part 5: Voting behaviour 27. The rationality of the Arab voter 28. Clientelism in MENA elections 29. The consequences on Arab voters of Arab Palestinian parties’ quest for power in Israeli politics 30. Class and religious cleavages. The case of Lebanon 31. Ideology and electoral choices in Arab elections 32. The Arab Generation Z: from Disillusionment to Pragmatism

Francesco Cavatorta is Professor in the Department of Political Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. He is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.Valeria Resta is Guest Lecturer in the Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She is currently working on a collaborative project examining political parties and coalition governments in the Middle East and North Africa.

• 1. Elections in the Middle East and North Africa Part 1: Elections in authoritarian settings 2. The functions of authoritarian elections: symbolism, safety valves and clientelism 3. Elections and the management of plurality in Algeria 4. Parliamentary elections under Mohamed VI’s reign (2002-2021) 5. Electoral districts in Jordan: an analytical study 6. Elections in Mauritania: the role of the military 7. "Only Me": Repression, Legal Engineering, and State-Managed Elections in Sisi’s Egypt Part 2: Elections in democratic and quasi-democratic settings 8. Israel's Electoral System and Political Instability: Electoral Fragmentation, Party Unity and the Prime Ministers' Political Leadership 9. When free and fair elections are not enough. Party fragmentation and unaccountability in Tunisia 10. Pre-electoral coalitions in Iraq: the case of the Communist-Sadrist alliance 11. Elections and democratic backsliding in Turkey 12. From one-sect one-vote to one-man one-vote? Demands for reforming the electoral system in Lebanon 13. Competition under systemic religious constraints: presidential elections in Iran Part 3: Rules, institutions and the infrastructure of elections 14. The management of elections in Tunisia: the Independent High Authority for Elections 15. Partial and non-partisan: the municipal council elections in Saudi Arabia 16. Elections in the Arab world: international monitoring and assistance 17. The independence referendum in Kurdistan 18. Gender Quotas, Constituency Service, and Women’s Empowerment: Lessons from Algeria Part 4: Elections and campaigning 19. A minority goes to the polls: Arab voters in Israel 20. Elections in Occupied Palestine: control, resistance and contention 21. Electoral campaigns in post-Ben Ali’s Tunisia: electoral expertise and renewed clientelism 22. Digital strategies of Tunisian political parties: the case of the 2018 local elections 23. The role of media in electoral campaigns in the pandemic era. The case of Kuwait 24. Opposition Coordination under a Competitive Authoritarian Regime. The Case of the 2019 Local Elections in Turkey 25. Polarisation and elections under competitive authoritarianism: the case of Turkey after 2013 26. From ballots to bullets: Libyan 2012 elections as the origin of the unachieved transition Part 5: Voting behaviour 27. The rationality of the Arab voter 28. Clientelism in MENA elections 29. The consequences on Arab voters of Arab Palestinian parties’ quest for power in Israeli politics 30. Class and religious cleavages. The case of Lebanon 31. Ideology and electoral choices in Arab elections 32. The Arab Generation Z: from Disillusionment to Pragmatism