Ioan Durnescu is a Professor at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Bucharest, Romania.James M. Byrne is a Professor Emeritus in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.Benjamin J. Mackey is a Research Associate at the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence and a doctoral student in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at George Mason University, USA; and Co-Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative.Faye S. Taxman is a Distinguished University Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government and Director of the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence at George Mason University, USA.

"Even in developed nations, community corrections typically operates in the shadows, little understood by members of the public or even the wider criminal legal system. In this essential new resource, a global team of contributors brings light to the vastly different visions of community corrections that have emerged around the globe."Shadd Maruna, Professor of Criminology, Queen's University Belfast"What an ambitious and essential initiative! The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections by Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin J. Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman meets a real need and brings an important contribution to improve the knowledge of corrections all over the world. The originality of this work lies in the fact that it considers the whole of the penal population, prison and probation, provides a structured view of 20 countries on 5 continents, and identifies common and fundamental questions that arise despite the great diversity of structures, cultures, organizations, etc., which are all part of the criminal justice system. The 10 challenges we all face are relevant and will certainly keep us focused in the future. This excellent work invites interested readers to think about social impact, good practices, ethical issues. This book offers a new insight about what could be expected to do things better and more appropriately than simply more."Annie Devos, Vice-chair of the PC-CP, President of the CEP and DG of the Houses of Justice at the Wallonia Brussels, Belgium

• Introduction: Global Community Corrections Section 1: Country-level Profiles of Community Corrections Systems Part 1: Community Corrections Systems in Africa 1.Community Corrections in South Africa Lincoln G. Fitz, Francois C.M. Louw and Kimberly R. Kras 2.Community Corrections in Kenya: A Developmental and Practice Account Clement Okech Part 2: Community Corrections Systems in Asia 3.Community Corrections in China: Past Development, Current Practices and Future Challenges Spencer D. Li, Lu Xie and Hui Shen 4.Probation - A Singular Alternative to Incarceration, Reformation, and Community Corrections in India Shivangi Shikhar and Ntasha Bhardwaj 5.Community Corrections in Japan: An Illustration of the Hogoshi System Imafuku Shoji and Minoura Satoshi 6.The Past, Present, and the Future of Community Corrections in South Korea: Focusing on Probation Claire Seungeun Lee Part 3: Community Corrections Systems in Europe 7.Community Corrections in England and Wales Lol Burke and Gwen Robinson 8.Community Corrections in Finland Pia Andersson 9.Community Corrections in France Martine Herzog-Evans 10.Probation Supervision in the Netherlands Miranda Boone, Jacqueline Bosker and Jennifer Doekhie 11.From Nothing to Everything: The Dramatic Rise of Community Corrections in Romania Ioan Durnescu, Iuliana Carbunaru and Gabriel Oancea 12.Community Corrections in Spain Esther Montero Pérez de Tudela 13.Community Corrections in Türkiye Adonis Çiğdem Erkunt Kanoğlu and Deniz Özyörük Part 4: Community Corrections in the Middle East 14.Community Corrections in Israel-A Humanistic Approach Ronit Peled-Laskov and Lior Gideon Part 5: Community Corrections Systems in North America 15.Community Corrections in Canada Guy Bourgon 16.Probation and Parole in California: An Experiment in Community Corrections Reform Kimberly R. Kras and Carina F. Rodrigues 17.Georgia Department of Community Supervision (US) Nicholas K. Powell and Tonya Van Deinse 18.Community Supervision in Florida Jill Viglione and Nicholas Paul 19.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA Ronald P. Corbett, Jr., with Pratikshya Bohra-Mishra (Parole), Brian W. Mirasolo (Probation), and Edward J. Dolan (Probation) 20.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Don Hummer Part 6: Community Corrections in South America 21.Alternatives to Incarceration in Colombia Daniela Barberi and Lina M. Marmolejo 22.Legal Reforms, Non-Custodial Sanctions, and Parole in Chile Sebastián Galleguillos, Deborah Koetzle and Jeff Mellow Part 7: Community Corrections in Oceania 23.Community Corrections in Australia Phillipa Evans, Charlene Pereira, Dominic van Gestel and Chris Trotter 24.Probation/Parole Supervision in Aotearoa New Zealand Devon L. L. Polaschek and Heather A. Mackie Section 2: Country-Level Comparative Research on Community Corrections 25.Estimating the Size, Scope, and Effectiveness of the Global Community Corrections System: A Comparative Analysis James M. Byrne, Don Hummer and Sabrina Rapisarda 26.The Global Structure of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu 27.International Perspective on Treatment as Part of Probation/Parole Ronit Peled-Laskov and Faye S. Taxman 28.Fostering Compliance with the Conditions of Community Supervision: A Global Review of Conditions, Monitoring, Support, and Response Strategies Faye S. Taxman 29.A World View of Technology Use in Community Corrections: The Role of Electronic Monitoring April Pattavina and Benjamin J. Mackey 30.Nongovernmental Involvement in International Community Corrections Systems: Where the State, Civil Society, and Private Sector Meet Benjamin J. Mackey 31.Grand Challenges: Reflections on the Future of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman

Ioan Durnescu is a Professor at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Bucharest, Romania.James M. Byrne is a Professor Emeritus in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.Benjamin J. Mackey is a Research Associate at the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence and a doctoral student in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at George Mason University, USA; and Co-Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative.Faye S. Taxman is a Distinguished University Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government and Director of the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence at George Mason University, USA.

"Even in developed nations, community corrections typically operates in the shadows, little understood by members of the public or even the wider criminal legal system. In this essential new resource, a global team of contributors brings light to the vastly different visions of community corrections that have emerged around the globe."Shadd Maruna, Professor of Criminology, Queen's University Belfast"What an ambitious and essential initiative! The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections by Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin J. Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman meets a real need and brings an important contribution to improve the knowledge of corrections all over the world. The originality of this work lies in the fact that it considers the whole of the penal population, prison and probation, provides a structured view of 20 countries on 5 continents, and identifies common and fundamental questions that arise despite the great diversity of structures, cultures, organizations, etc., which are all part of the criminal justice system. The 10 challenges we all face are relevant and will certainly keep us focused in the future. This excellent work invites interested readers to think about social impact, good practices, ethical issues. This book offers a new insight about what could be expected to do things better and more appropriately than simply more."Annie Devos, Vice-chair of the PC-CP, President of the CEP and DG of the Houses of Justice at the Wallonia Brussels, Belgium

• Introduction: Global Community Corrections Section 1: Country-level Profiles of Community Corrections Systems Part 1: Community Corrections Systems in Africa 1.Community Corrections in South Africa Lincoln G. Fitz, Francois C.M. Louw and Kimberly R. Kras 2.Community Corrections in Kenya: A Developmental and Practice Account Clement Okech Part 2: Community Corrections Systems in Asia 3.Community Corrections in China: Past Development, Current Practices and Future Challenges Spencer D. Li, Lu Xie and Hui Shen 4.Probation - A Singular Alternative to Incarceration, Reformation, and Community Corrections in India Shivangi Shikhar and Ntasha Bhardwaj 5.Community Corrections in Japan: An Illustration of the Hogoshi System Imafuku Shoji and Minoura Satoshi 6.The Past, Present, and the Future of Community Corrections in South Korea: Focusing on Probation Claire Seungeun Lee Part 3: Community Corrections Systems in Europe 7.Community Corrections in England and Wales Lol Burke and Gwen Robinson 8.Community Corrections in Finland Pia Andersson 9.Community Corrections in France Martine Herzog-Evans 10.Probation Supervision in the Netherlands Miranda Boone, Jacqueline Bosker and Jennifer Doekhie 11.From Nothing to Everything: The Dramatic Rise of Community Corrections in Romania Ioan Durnescu, Iuliana Carbunaru and Gabriel Oancea 12.Community Corrections in Spain Esther Montero Pérez de Tudela 13.Community Corrections in Türkiye Adonis Çiğdem Erkunt Kanoğlu and Deniz Özyörük Part 4: Community Corrections in the Middle East 14.Community Corrections in Israel-A Humanistic Approach Ronit Peled-Laskov and Lior Gideon Part 5: Community Corrections Systems in North America 15.Community Corrections in Canada Guy Bourgon 16.Probation and Parole in California: An Experiment in Community Corrections Reform Kimberly R. Kras and Carina F. Rodrigues 17.Georgia Department of Community Supervision (US) Nicholas K. Powell and Tonya Van Deinse 18.Community Supervision in Florida Jill Viglione and Nicholas Paul 19.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA Ronald P. Corbett, Jr., with Pratikshya Bohra-Mishra (Parole), Brian W. Mirasolo (Probation), and Edward J. Dolan (Probation) 20.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Don Hummer Part 6: Community Corrections in South America 21.Alternatives to Incarceration in Colombia Daniela Barberi and Lina M. Marmolejo 22.Legal Reforms, Non-Custodial Sanctions, and Parole in Chile Sebastián Galleguillos, Deborah Koetzle and Jeff Mellow Part 7: Community Corrections in Oceania 23.Community Corrections in Australia Phillipa Evans, Charlene Pereira, Dominic van Gestel and Chris Trotter 24.Probation/Parole Supervision in Aotearoa New Zealand Devon L. L. Polaschek and Heather A. Mackie Section 2: Country-Level Comparative Research on Community Corrections 25.Estimating the Size, Scope, and Effectiveness of the Global Community Corrections System: A Comparative Analysis James M. Byrne, Don Hummer and Sabrina Rapisarda 26.The Global Structure of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu 27.International Perspective on Treatment as Part of Probation/Parole Ronit Peled-Laskov and Faye S. Taxman 28.Fostering Compliance with the Conditions of Community Supervision: A Global Review of Conditions, Monitoring, Support, and Response Strategies Faye S. Taxman 29.A World View of Technology Use in Community Corrections: The Role of Electronic Monitoring April Pattavina and Benjamin J. Mackey 30.Nongovernmental Involvement in International Community Corrections Systems: Where the State, Civil Society, and Private Sector Meet Benjamin J. Mackey 31.Grand Challenges: Reflections on the Future of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman

Ioan Durnescu is a Professor at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Bucharest, Romania.James M. Byrne is a Professor Emeritus in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.Benjamin J. Mackey is a Research Associate at the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence and a doctoral student in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at George Mason University, USA; and Co-Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative.Faye S. Taxman is a Distinguished University Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government and Director of the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence at George Mason University, USA.

"Even in developed nations, community corrections typically operates in the shadows, little understood by members of the public or even the wider criminal legal system. In this essential new resource, a global team of contributors brings light to the vastly different visions of community corrections that have emerged around the globe."Shadd Maruna, Professor of Criminology, Queen's University Belfast"What an ambitious and essential initiative! The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections by Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin J. Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman meets a real need and brings an important contribution to improve the knowledge of corrections all over the world. The originality of this work lies in the fact that it considers the whole of the penal population, prison and probation, provides a structured view of 20 countries on 5 continents, and identifies common and fundamental questions that arise despite the great diversity of structures, cultures, organizations, etc., which are all part of the criminal justice system. The 10 challenges we all face are relevant and will certainly keep us focused in the future. This excellent work invites interested readers to think about social impact, good practices, ethical issues. This book offers a new insight about what could be expected to do things better and more appropriately than simply more."Annie Devos, Vice-chair of the PC-CP, President of the CEP and DG of the Houses of Justice at the Wallonia Brussels, Belgium

• Introduction: Global Community Corrections Section 1: Country-level Profiles of Community Corrections Systems Part 1: Community Corrections Systems in Africa 1.Community Corrections in South Africa Lincoln G. Fitz, Francois C.M. Louw and Kimberly R. Kras 2.Community Corrections in Kenya: A Developmental and Practice Account Clement Okech Part 2: Community Corrections Systems in Asia 3.Community Corrections in China: Past Development, Current Practices and Future Challenges Spencer D. Li, Lu Xie and Hui Shen 4.Probation - A Singular Alternative to Incarceration, Reformation, and Community Corrections in India Shivangi Shikhar and Ntasha Bhardwaj 5.Community Corrections in Japan: An Illustration of the Hogoshi System Imafuku Shoji and Minoura Satoshi 6.The Past, Present, and the Future of Community Corrections in South Korea: Focusing on Probation Claire Seungeun Lee Part 3: Community Corrections Systems in Europe 7.Community Corrections in England and Wales Lol Burke and Gwen Robinson 8.Community Corrections in Finland Pia Andersson 9.Community Corrections in France Martine Herzog-Evans 10.Probation Supervision in the Netherlands Miranda Boone, Jacqueline Bosker and Jennifer Doekhie 11.From Nothing to Everything: The Dramatic Rise of Community Corrections in Romania Ioan Durnescu, Iuliana Carbunaru and Gabriel Oancea 12.Community Corrections in Spain Esther Montero Pérez de Tudela 13.Community Corrections in Türkiye Adonis Çiğdem Erkunt Kanoğlu and Deniz Özyörük Part 4: Community Corrections in the Middle East 14.Community Corrections in Israel-A Humanistic Approach Ronit Peled-Laskov and Lior Gideon Part 5: Community Corrections Systems in North America 15.Community Corrections in Canada Guy Bourgon 16.Probation and Parole in California: An Experiment in Community Corrections Reform Kimberly R. Kras and Carina F. Rodrigues 17.Georgia Department of Community Supervision (US) Nicholas K. Powell and Tonya Van Deinse 18.Community Supervision in Florida Jill Viglione and Nicholas Paul 19.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA Ronald P. Corbett, Jr., with Pratikshya Bohra-Mishra (Parole), Brian W. Mirasolo (Probation), and Edward J. Dolan (Probation) 20.Community Corrections in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Don Hummer Part 6: Community Corrections in South America 21.Alternatives to Incarceration in Colombia Daniela Barberi and Lina M. Marmolejo 22.Legal Reforms, Non-Custodial Sanctions, and Parole in Chile Sebastián Galleguillos, Deborah Koetzle and Jeff Mellow Part 7: Community Corrections in Oceania 23.Community Corrections in Australia Phillipa Evans, Charlene Pereira, Dominic van Gestel and Chris Trotter 24.Probation/Parole Supervision in Aotearoa New Zealand Devon L. L. Polaschek and Heather A. Mackie Section 2: Country-Level Comparative Research on Community Corrections 25.Estimating the Size, Scope, and Effectiveness of the Global Community Corrections System: A Comparative Analysis James M. Byrne, Don Hummer and Sabrina Rapisarda 26.The Global Structure of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu 27.International Perspective on Treatment as Part of Probation/Parole Ronit Peled-Laskov and Faye S. Taxman 28.Fostering Compliance with the Conditions of Community Supervision: A Global Review of Conditions, Monitoring, Support, and Response Strategies Faye S. Taxman 29.A World View of Technology Use in Community Corrections: The Role of Electronic Monitoring April Pattavina and Benjamin J. Mackey 30.Nongovernmental Involvement in International Community Corrections Systems: Where the State, Civil Society, and Private Sector Meet Benjamin J. Mackey 31.Grand Challenges: Reflections on the Future of Community Corrections Ioan Durnescu, James M. Byrne, Benjamin Mackey, and Faye S. Taxman