Kim Moloney is an Associate Professor at the College of Public Policy at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Her latest books are her sole-authored Who Matters at the World Bank (2022) and separately, her co-editing (with Diane Stone) of The Oxford Handbook of Global Policy and Transnational Administration (2019).Gloria J. Billingsley is a Professor of Public Policy and Administration at Jackson State University, USA, with over 20 years of teaching experience and building community partnerships. Her research includes issues on voting rights; race, gender, and class; minority participation in health research, and issues of spirituality and health.Bok Gyo Jeong is an Associate Professor of Public Affairs at Kean University, USA. His research interests include comparative civil society, global/transnational policy issues, nonprofit higher education, social entrepreneurship/economy, UN-NGO partnership, and collaboration between government and nonprofits.Pablo Sanabria-Pulido is a Professor at Universidad EAFIT, Colombia. He studies and teaches the design, formulation, and implementation of public policies and the managerial challenges that public service organizations and public officials face, aiming to disentangle how to make public organizations work better, particularly at the national and local levels. His research has been recognized and published in key international public administration and policy outlets.Tonya E. Thornton is the Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection with the Global Connective Center. Her expertise focuses on emergency management and grid security to provide resiliency solutions. She is a member of the American Society for Public Administration and is Treasurer for its Section on Emergency and Crisis Management.Eric Zeemering is an Associate Professor and MPA Director at the University of Georgia, USA.

“This exceptional book introduces the concepts of polycrises and crisis-constant as a framework for understanding the dynamics that near-continual change and uncertainty create for public administrators responsible for managing public services. Initiated in response to COVID-19, a remarkable roster of international co-authors present the problem of polycrisis in global context.”Louise Comfort, Professor Emerita, University of Pittsburgh, USA“The Covid-19 pandemic trained the spotlight on our new macro reality – multi-layered and sequential crises that know no geographic boundaries. Our new reality demands an expanded analytical toolbox where we can nimbly confront our real-time polycrisis. The authors in this volume do exactly that, construct a toolkit for effectively charting a clear-eyed path forward that embraces the realities of our crises today.”Victoria DeFrancesco Soto, Dean and Professor, Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, USA“Crises are global, pandemics are global – but public administration scholarship, often enough, is not. Narrow Western perspectives abound, both regarding what is studied and how. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration however is truly global in outlooks and topics and therefore makes a significant contribution, not only to its vital topic, but also to the public administration discipline generally.”Wolfgang Drechsler, TalTech, UCL IIPP, Universitas Indonesia, and Harvard University“The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration is a vital resource offering profound insights into handling complex crises across local, national, and global landscapes. Merging detailed analysis with actionable guidance, it is a must-read for scholars and practitioners interested in enhancing capacity for crisis management during difficult times.”Robert C. Orr, Professor and Dean, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, USA“With a diverse set of authors and cases, this book provides an excellent starting point with key lessons for anyone charged with organizing and communicating with the public in times of disaster or societal crisis. For students who want to go into public service or humanitarian work, the book provides a valuable discussion of challenges the public sector faces in managing significant contemporary crises and disasters. The crosscutting collaborative research the handbook reflects, is precisely the kind of joint approach we need to build capacity and resilience in the face of adversity.”Lina Svedin, Professor, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, USA“In recent years, rising systemic turbulence, such as climate emergencies, public health emergencies, geopolitical upheavals, and economic uncertainty, have profoundly challenged the capacity and legitimacy of public administrations. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration… provides a timely and comprehensive response to this landscape, exploring how public institutions are navigating, managing, and learning from crises in an era increasingly characterized by complexity and interdependence. This edited volume significantly contributes to contemporary crisis governance and administrative resilience scholarship.”Csilla Paksi‐Petró, Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary

• AN INTRODUCTION 1. New Realities: Constancy of Crisis and Poly-Crisis for Public Administration Kim Moloney, Bok Gyo Jeong, and Pablo Sanabria‑PulidoSECTION I – STRUCTURES IN CRISIS: A NORTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido and Kim Moloney2. How Citizens’ Perceptions of Management Capacity and Trust in Government Change during a Worldwide Crisis? The Case of Colombia during the COVID‑19 PandemicNathalie Méndez and Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido3. Crisis Management, Transnational Administration, and Administrative Sovereignty in Developing Countries: Problems of a National Disaster and Management Organization in GhanaFrank L. K. Ohemeng and Rosina K. Foli4. The Performance of Local Government in Addressing Disaster Risk and Climate Change: a Comparative Analysis of Brazil, Mexico, and ParaguayEduardo Grin, Ady Carrera, and Andrew Nickson 5. The Role of INTERPOL Coordinating a Global Public Policy in the Context of Unequal National Public Administration Capacities: A Case Study of the Transnational Administration Efforts to Face COVID-19 Crimes as Emerging Threats Gerardo Bonilla‑Alguera6. State Capacity to Address Dual Crises: the Negative Interaction between the COVID‑19 Pandemic and Violence against Women in Argentina and MexicoMariana Chudnovsky and Diana Martínez7. Navigating Crisis and Fragmegration in the Public Sector: A Heterarchical Approach Dana‑Marie RamjitSECTION II -- AGENTS IN CRISIS: A CROSS-ACTOR DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Bok Gyo Jeong and Kim Moloney8. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Transnational Crisis Management System, and the United Nations: Following the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Jungwon Yeo and Bok Gyo Jeong9. Nongovernmental Organizations in Africa as Agenda in Crisis Response: The Case of Ghana James K. Agbodzakey and Sandra Schrouder10. Public Policy and Flash Floods: Crisis Management in Selected Indian Ocean Islands Harshana Kasseeah and Sheetal Sheena Sookrajowa11. Local Government Strategy and Crisis in the United States: A Community Resilience / Systems Perspective Brian D. WilliamsSECTION III – HUMAN CAPITAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Eric Zeemering and Tonya E. Thornton12. Intersecting Crises in Local Government Employment in the United States: COVID-19, the Grey Tsunami, and Workforce Evolution Kimberly L. Nelson and Brad A. M. Johnson13. Roles of Nonprofit Organizations during the Emergency and Extreme Events: The Case of Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Serving Nonprofit Organizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic Simon A. Andrew, Hee Soun Jang, Vaswati Chatterjee, and Sara Ford14. Technology and Crisis: Butterfly or Domino Effect in Governing a Turbulent World? Veronica Junjan, Islam Bouzguenda, and Caroline Fischer15. Training Citizen Responses during a Crisis via Innovative ICT-based Administrative Actions in South Korea Shin Kue Ryu16. Critical Success Factors for Government Crisis Communication over Social Media in Emergency Management Nilay Yavuz, Naci Karkin, and Mete YildizSECTION IV – PUBLIC SECTOR COMMUNICATION IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Gloria J. Billingsley and Tonya E. Thornton17. Public Sector Communication in Federal Systems of Government: Exploring Successes and Failures in Crisis Communication Saahir Shafi and Daniel J. Mallinson18. Information Capacity and the Implementation of Social Programs in Latin America Rik Peeters, Guillermo M. Cejudo, and César Rentería19. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Trust in Government: Implications for the Locus of Public Administration in South Africa Nqobile Sikhosana and Ogochukwu Nzewi20. Legitimacy deficit during emergencies: The impact of administrative discretion Héctor David Rojas Villamil and Juan Carlos Covilla Martínez21. Network Governance for Coordinated Disaster Response Ratna B. Dougherty and Naim Kapucu22. Diffusion in times of Political Polarization: An Analysis of Face Mask Policy Adoption in the United StatesDavia C. Downey and William M. Myers 23. Impacts of Pandemic Planning Preparedness on select U.S. Cities during COVID-19Karissa D. BergeneSECTION V – PRACTITIONERS IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Kim Moloney, Gloria J. Billingsley, Bok Gyo Jeong, Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido, Tonya E. Thornton, and Eric Zeemering24. COVID-19 and the Non-Profit Dimension: The ASPA Experience William Shields, Jr.25. Population Decrease and Local Government’s Measure: Lessons from Japanese Prefecture’s Experiences Kazuyuki Ishida26. Religion, Crisis, and Public Policy Gloria J. Billingsley27. Understanding the Impacts and Associated Lessons of Turnover for Emergency Management and Public Health Leaders in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic Hardin Watkins28. Fulfilling a volunteer-driven mission in the era of social distancing Leslie Hale29. Using Communication Science to Inform Responsible Crisis Communication Holli H. SeitzIN CONCLUSION 30. ConclusionEric Zeemering, Gloria J. Billingsley, and Tonya E. Thornton

Kim Moloney is an Associate Professor at the College of Public Policy at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Her latest books are her sole-authored Who Matters at the World Bank (2022) and separately, her co-editing (with Diane Stone) of The Oxford Handbook of Global Policy and Transnational Administration (2019).Gloria J. Billingsley is a Professor of Public Policy and Administration at Jackson State University, USA, with over 20 years of teaching experience and building community partnerships. Her research includes issues on voting rights; race, gender, and class; minority participation in health research, and issues of spirituality and health.Bok Gyo Jeong is an Associate Professor of Public Affairs at Kean University, USA. His research interests include comparative civil society, global/transnational policy issues, nonprofit higher education, social entrepreneurship/economy, UN-NGO partnership, and collaboration between government and nonprofits.Pablo Sanabria-Pulido is a Professor at Universidad EAFIT, Colombia. He studies and teaches the design, formulation, and implementation of public policies and the managerial challenges that public service organizations and public officials face, aiming to disentangle how to make public organizations work better, particularly at the national and local levels. His research has been recognized and published in key international public administration and policy outlets.Tonya E. Thornton is the Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection with the Global Connective Center. Her expertise focuses on emergency management and grid security to provide resiliency solutions. She is a member of the American Society for Public Administration and is Treasurer for its Section on Emergency and Crisis Management.Eric Zeemering is an Associate Professor and MPA Director at the University of Georgia, USA.

“This exceptional book introduces the concepts of polycrises and crisis-constant as a framework for understanding the dynamics that near-continual change and uncertainty create for public administrators responsible for managing public services. Initiated in response to COVID-19, a remarkable roster of international co-authors present the problem of polycrisis in global context.”Louise Comfort, Professor Emerita, University of Pittsburgh, USA“The Covid-19 pandemic trained the spotlight on our new macro reality – multi-layered and sequential crises that know no geographic boundaries. Our new reality demands an expanded analytical toolbox where we can nimbly confront our real-time polycrisis. The authors in this volume do exactly that, construct a toolkit for effectively charting a clear-eyed path forward that embraces the realities of our crises today.”Victoria DeFrancesco Soto, Dean and Professor, Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, USA“Crises are global, pandemics are global – but public administration scholarship, often enough, is not. Narrow Western perspectives abound, both regarding what is studied and how. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration however is truly global in outlooks and topics and therefore makes a significant contribution, not only to its vital topic, but also to the public administration discipline generally.”Wolfgang Drechsler, TalTech, UCL IIPP, Universitas Indonesia, and Harvard University“The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration is a vital resource offering profound insights into handling complex crises across local, national, and global landscapes. Merging detailed analysis with actionable guidance, it is a must-read for scholars and practitioners interested in enhancing capacity for crisis management during difficult times.”Robert C. Orr, Professor and Dean, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, USA“With a diverse set of authors and cases, this book provides an excellent starting point with key lessons for anyone charged with organizing and communicating with the public in times of disaster or societal crisis. For students who want to go into public service or humanitarian work, the book provides a valuable discussion of challenges the public sector faces in managing significant contemporary crises and disasters. The crosscutting collaborative research the handbook reflects, is precisely the kind of joint approach we need to build capacity and resilience in the face of adversity.”Lina Svedin, Professor, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, USA“In recent years, rising systemic turbulence, such as climate emergencies, public health emergencies, geopolitical upheavals, and economic uncertainty, have profoundly challenged the capacity and legitimacy of public administrations. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration… provides a timely and comprehensive response to this landscape, exploring how public institutions are navigating, managing, and learning from crises in an era increasingly characterized by complexity and interdependence. This edited volume significantly contributes to contemporary crisis governance and administrative resilience scholarship.”Csilla Paksi‐Petró, Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary

• AN INTRODUCTION 1. New Realities: Constancy of Crisis and Poly-Crisis for Public Administration Kim Moloney, Bok Gyo Jeong, and Pablo Sanabria‑PulidoSECTION I – STRUCTURES IN CRISIS: A NORTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido and Kim Moloney2. How Citizens’ Perceptions of Management Capacity and Trust in Government Change during a Worldwide Crisis? The Case of Colombia during the COVID‑19 PandemicNathalie Méndez and Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido3. Crisis Management, Transnational Administration, and Administrative Sovereignty in Developing Countries: Problems of a National Disaster and Management Organization in GhanaFrank L. K. Ohemeng and Rosina K. Foli4. The Performance of Local Government in Addressing Disaster Risk and Climate Change: a Comparative Analysis of Brazil, Mexico, and ParaguayEduardo Grin, Ady Carrera, and Andrew Nickson 5. The Role of INTERPOL Coordinating a Global Public Policy in the Context of Unequal National Public Administration Capacities: A Case Study of the Transnational Administration Efforts to Face COVID-19 Crimes as Emerging Threats Gerardo Bonilla‑Alguera6. State Capacity to Address Dual Crises: the Negative Interaction between the COVID‑19 Pandemic and Violence against Women in Argentina and MexicoMariana Chudnovsky and Diana Martínez7. Navigating Crisis and Fragmegration in the Public Sector: A Heterarchical Approach Dana‑Marie RamjitSECTION II -- AGENTS IN CRISIS: A CROSS-ACTOR DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Bok Gyo Jeong and Kim Moloney8. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Transnational Crisis Management System, and the United Nations: Following the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Jungwon Yeo and Bok Gyo Jeong9. Nongovernmental Organizations in Africa as Agenda in Crisis Response: The Case of Ghana James K. Agbodzakey and Sandra Schrouder10. Public Policy and Flash Floods: Crisis Management in Selected Indian Ocean Islands Harshana Kasseeah and Sheetal Sheena Sookrajowa11. Local Government Strategy and Crisis in the United States: A Community Resilience / Systems Perspective Brian D. WilliamsSECTION III – HUMAN CAPITAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Eric Zeemering and Tonya E. Thornton12. Intersecting Crises in Local Government Employment in the United States: COVID-19, the Grey Tsunami, and Workforce Evolution Kimberly L. Nelson and Brad A. M. Johnson13. Roles of Nonprofit Organizations during the Emergency and Extreme Events: The Case of Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Serving Nonprofit Organizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic Simon A. Andrew, Hee Soun Jang, Vaswati Chatterjee, and Sara Ford14. Technology and Crisis: Butterfly or Domino Effect in Governing a Turbulent World? Veronica Junjan, Islam Bouzguenda, and Caroline Fischer15. Training Citizen Responses during a Crisis via Innovative ICT-based Administrative Actions in South Korea Shin Kue Ryu16. Critical Success Factors for Government Crisis Communication over Social Media in Emergency Management Nilay Yavuz, Naci Karkin, and Mete YildizSECTION IV – PUBLIC SECTOR COMMUNICATION IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Gloria J. Billingsley and Tonya E. Thornton17. Public Sector Communication in Federal Systems of Government: Exploring Successes and Failures in Crisis Communication Saahir Shafi and Daniel J. Mallinson18. Information Capacity and the Implementation of Social Programs in Latin America Rik Peeters, Guillermo M. Cejudo, and César Rentería19. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Trust in Government: Implications for the Locus of Public Administration in South Africa Nqobile Sikhosana and Ogochukwu Nzewi20. Legitimacy deficit during emergencies: The impact of administrative discretion Héctor David Rojas Villamil and Juan Carlos Covilla Martínez21. Network Governance for Coordinated Disaster Response Ratna B. Dougherty and Naim Kapucu22. Diffusion in times of Political Polarization: An Analysis of Face Mask Policy Adoption in the United StatesDavia C. Downey and William M. Myers 23. Impacts of Pandemic Planning Preparedness on select U.S. Cities during COVID-19Karissa D. BergeneSECTION V – PRACTITIONERS IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Kim Moloney, Gloria J. Billingsley, Bok Gyo Jeong, Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido, Tonya E. Thornton, and Eric Zeemering24. COVID-19 and the Non-Profit Dimension: The ASPA Experience William Shields, Jr.25. Population Decrease and Local Government’s Measure: Lessons from Japanese Prefecture’s Experiences Kazuyuki Ishida26. Religion, Crisis, and Public Policy Gloria J. Billingsley27. Understanding the Impacts and Associated Lessons of Turnover for Emergency Management and Public Health Leaders in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic Hardin Watkins28. Fulfilling a volunteer-driven mission in the era of social distancing Leslie Hale29. Using Communication Science to Inform Responsible Crisis Communication Holli H. SeitzIN CONCLUSION 30. ConclusionEric Zeemering, Gloria J. Billingsley, and Tonya E. Thornton

Kim Moloney is an Associate Professor at the College of Public Policy at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Her latest books are her sole-authored Who Matters at the World Bank (2022) and separately, her co-editing (with Diane Stone) of The Oxford Handbook of Global Policy and Transnational Administration (2019).Gloria J. Billingsley is a Professor of Public Policy and Administration at Jackson State University, USA, with over 20 years of teaching experience and building community partnerships. Her research includes issues on voting rights; race, gender, and class; minority participation in health research, and issues of spirituality and health.Bok Gyo Jeong is an Associate Professor of Public Affairs at Kean University, USA. His research interests include comparative civil society, global/transnational policy issues, nonprofit higher education, social entrepreneurship/economy, UN-NGO partnership, and collaboration between government and nonprofits.Pablo Sanabria-Pulido is a Professor at Universidad EAFIT, Colombia. He studies and teaches the design, formulation, and implementation of public policies and the managerial challenges that public service organizations and public officials face, aiming to disentangle how to make public organizations work better, particularly at the national and local levels. His research has been recognized and published in key international public administration and policy outlets.Tonya E. Thornton is the Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection with the Global Connective Center. Her expertise focuses on emergency management and grid security to provide resiliency solutions. She is a member of the American Society for Public Administration and is Treasurer for its Section on Emergency and Crisis Management.Eric Zeemering is an Associate Professor and MPA Director at the University of Georgia, USA.

“This exceptional book introduces the concepts of polycrises and crisis-constant as a framework for understanding the dynamics that near-continual change and uncertainty create for public administrators responsible for managing public services. Initiated in response to COVID-19, a remarkable roster of international co-authors present the problem of polycrisis in global context.”Louise Comfort, Professor Emerita, University of Pittsburgh, USA“The Covid-19 pandemic trained the spotlight on our new macro reality – multi-layered and sequential crises that know no geographic boundaries. Our new reality demands an expanded analytical toolbox where we can nimbly confront our real-time polycrisis. The authors in this volume do exactly that, construct a toolkit for effectively charting a clear-eyed path forward that embraces the realities of our crises today.”Victoria DeFrancesco Soto, Dean and Professor, Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, USA“Crises are global, pandemics are global – but public administration scholarship, often enough, is not. Narrow Western perspectives abound, both regarding what is studied and how. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration however is truly global in outlooks and topics and therefore makes a significant contribution, not only to its vital topic, but also to the public administration discipline generally.”Wolfgang Drechsler, TalTech, UCL IIPP, Universitas Indonesia, and Harvard University“The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration is a vital resource offering profound insights into handling complex crises across local, national, and global landscapes. Merging detailed analysis with actionable guidance, it is a must-read for scholars and practitioners interested in enhancing capacity for crisis management during difficult times.”Robert C. Orr, Professor and Dean, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, USA“With a diverse set of authors and cases, this book provides an excellent starting point with key lessons for anyone charged with organizing and communicating with the public in times of disaster or societal crisis. For students who want to go into public service or humanitarian work, the book provides a valuable discussion of challenges the public sector faces in managing significant contemporary crises and disasters. The crosscutting collaborative research the handbook reflects, is precisely the kind of joint approach we need to build capacity and resilience in the face of adversity.”Lina Svedin, Professor, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, USA“In recent years, rising systemic turbulence, such as climate emergencies, public health emergencies, geopolitical upheavals, and economic uncertainty, have profoundly challenged the capacity and legitimacy of public administrations. The Routledge Handbook on Crisis, Polycrisis, and Public Administration… provides a timely and comprehensive response to this landscape, exploring how public institutions are navigating, managing, and learning from crises in an era increasingly characterized by complexity and interdependence. This edited volume significantly contributes to contemporary crisis governance and administrative resilience scholarship.”Csilla Paksi‐Petró, Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary

• AN INTRODUCTION 1. New Realities: Constancy of Crisis and Poly-Crisis for Public Administration Kim Moloney, Bok Gyo Jeong, and Pablo Sanabria‑PulidoSECTION I – STRUCTURES IN CRISIS: A NORTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido and Kim Moloney2. How Citizens’ Perceptions of Management Capacity and Trust in Government Change during a Worldwide Crisis? The Case of Colombia during the COVID‑19 PandemicNathalie Méndez and Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido3. Crisis Management, Transnational Administration, and Administrative Sovereignty in Developing Countries: Problems of a National Disaster and Management Organization in GhanaFrank L. K. Ohemeng and Rosina K. Foli4. The Performance of Local Government in Addressing Disaster Risk and Climate Change: a Comparative Analysis of Brazil, Mexico, and ParaguayEduardo Grin, Ady Carrera, and Andrew Nickson 5. The Role of INTERPOL Coordinating a Global Public Policy in the Context of Unequal National Public Administration Capacities: A Case Study of the Transnational Administration Efforts to Face COVID-19 Crimes as Emerging Threats Gerardo Bonilla‑Alguera6. State Capacity to Address Dual Crises: the Negative Interaction between the COVID‑19 Pandemic and Violence against Women in Argentina and MexicoMariana Chudnovsky and Diana Martínez7. Navigating Crisis and Fragmegration in the Public Sector: A Heterarchical Approach Dana‑Marie RamjitSECTION II -- AGENTS IN CRISIS: A CROSS-ACTOR DIALOGUE Co‑Editors: Bok Gyo Jeong and Kim Moloney8. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Transnational Crisis Management System, and the United Nations: Following the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Jungwon Yeo and Bok Gyo Jeong9. Nongovernmental Organizations in Africa as Agenda in Crisis Response: The Case of Ghana James K. Agbodzakey and Sandra Schrouder10. Public Policy and Flash Floods: Crisis Management in Selected Indian Ocean Islands Harshana Kasseeah and Sheetal Sheena Sookrajowa11. Local Government Strategy and Crisis in the United States: A Community Resilience / Systems Perspective Brian D. WilliamsSECTION III – HUMAN CAPITAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Eric Zeemering and Tonya E. Thornton12. Intersecting Crises in Local Government Employment in the United States: COVID-19, the Grey Tsunami, and Workforce Evolution Kimberly L. Nelson and Brad A. M. Johnson13. Roles of Nonprofit Organizations during the Emergency and Extreme Events: The Case of Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Serving Nonprofit Organizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic Simon A. Andrew, Hee Soun Jang, Vaswati Chatterjee, and Sara Ford14. Technology and Crisis: Butterfly or Domino Effect in Governing a Turbulent World? Veronica Junjan, Islam Bouzguenda, and Caroline Fischer15. Training Citizen Responses during a Crisis via Innovative ICT-based Administrative Actions in South Korea Shin Kue Ryu16. Critical Success Factors for Government Crisis Communication over Social Media in Emergency Management Nilay Yavuz, Naci Karkin, and Mete YildizSECTION IV – PUBLIC SECTOR COMMUNICATION IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Gloria J. Billingsley and Tonya E. Thornton17. Public Sector Communication in Federal Systems of Government: Exploring Successes and Failures in Crisis Communication Saahir Shafi and Daniel J. Mallinson18. Information Capacity and the Implementation of Social Programs in Latin America Rik Peeters, Guillermo M. Cejudo, and César Rentería19. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Trust in Government: Implications for the Locus of Public Administration in South Africa Nqobile Sikhosana and Ogochukwu Nzewi20. Legitimacy deficit during emergencies: The impact of administrative discretion Héctor David Rojas Villamil and Juan Carlos Covilla Martínez21. Network Governance for Coordinated Disaster Response Ratna B. Dougherty and Naim Kapucu22. Diffusion in times of Political Polarization: An Analysis of Face Mask Policy Adoption in the United StatesDavia C. Downey and William M. Myers 23. Impacts of Pandemic Planning Preparedness on select U.S. Cities during COVID-19Karissa D. BergeneSECTION V – PRACTITIONERS IN CRISIS Co‑Editors: Kim Moloney, Gloria J. Billingsley, Bok Gyo Jeong, Pablo Sanabria‑Pulido, Tonya E. Thornton, and Eric Zeemering24. COVID-19 and the Non-Profit Dimension: The ASPA Experience William Shields, Jr.25. Population Decrease and Local Government’s Measure: Lessons from Japanese Prefecture’s Experiences Kazuyuki Ishida26. Religion, Crisis, and Public Policy Gloria J. Billingsley27. Understanding the Impacts and Associated Lessons of Turnover for Emergency Management and Public Health Leaders in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic Hardin Watkins28. Fulfilling a volunteer-driven mission in the era of social distancing Leslie Hale29. Using Communication Science to Inform Responsible Crisis Communication Holli H. SeitzIN CONCLUSION 30. ConclusionEric Zeemering, Gloria J. Billingsley, and Tonya E. Thornton