Aurel Croissant is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany. His main research interests include the comparative analysis of political structures and processes in East and Southeast Asia, the theoretical and empirical analysis of democracy, civil-military relations, terrorism, and political violence.Jeffrey Haynes is Emeritus Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan University, UK. His areas of expertise are religion and international relations, religion and politics, and democracy and democratization. His publications include more than 50 books, most recently: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology (ed.) (2022) and Trump & the Politics of Neo-Nationalism. The Christian Right and Secular Nationalism in America (2021).

• Introduction: democratic regression in Asia 1. Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes 2. Erosion or decay? Conceptualizing causes and mechanisms of democratic regression 3. Democratic decoupling 4. Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines 5. Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia 6. Pushback after backsliding? Unconstrained executive aggrandizement in the Philippines versus contested military-monarchical rule in Thailand 7. Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan 8. Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials 9. The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh 10. Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong 11. China’s new regional responsiveness: passive agency and counter-agency in processes of democratic transitions in Asia 12. Democratic backsliding, regional governance and foreign policymaking in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Indonesia and the Philippines

Aurel Croissant is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany. His main research interests include the comparative analysis of political structures and processes in East and Southeast Asia, the theoretical and empirical analysis of democracy, civil-military relations, terrorism, and political violence.Jeffrey Haynes is Emeritus Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan University, UK. His areas of expertise are religion and international relations, religion and politics, and democracy and democratization. His publications include more than 50 books, most recently: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology (ed.) (2022) and Trump & the Politics of Neo-Nationalism. The Christian Right and Secular Nationalism in America (2021).

• Introduction: democratic regression in Asia 1. Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes 2. Erosion or decay? Conceptualizing causes and mechanisms of democratic regression 3. Democratic decoupling 4. Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines 5. Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia 6. Pushback after backsliding? Unconstrained executive aggrandizement in the Philippines versus contested military-monarchical rule in Thailand 7. Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan 8. Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials 9. The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh 10. Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong 11. China’s new regional responsiveness: passive agency and counter-agency in processes of democratic transitions in Asia 12. Democratic backsliding, regional governance and foreign policymaking in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Indonesia and the Philippines

Aurel Croissant is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany. His main research interests include the comparative analysis of political structures and processes in East and Southeast Asia, the theoretical and empirical analysis of democracy, civil-military relations, terrorism, and political violence.Jeffrey Haynes is Emeritus Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan University, UK. His areas of expertise are religion and international relations, religion and politics, and democracy and democratization. His publications include more than 50 books, most recently: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology (ed.) (2022) and Trump & the Politics of Neo-Nationalism. The Christian Right and Secular Nationalism in America (2021).

• Introduction: democratic regression in Asia 1. Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes 2. Erosion or decay? Conceptualizing causes and mechanisms of democratic regression 3. Democratic decoupling 4. Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines 5. Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia 6. Pushback after backsliding? Unconstrained executive aggrandizement in the Philippines versus contested military-monarchical rule in Thailand 7. Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan 8. Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials 9. The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh 10. Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong 11. China’s new regional responsiveness: passive agency and counter-agency in processes of democratic transitions in Asia 12. Democratic backsliding, regional governance and foreign policymaking in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Indonesia and the Philippines