Nasr M. Arif is Visiting Professor at St Andrews University, UK, and Professor of Political Science at Cairo University in Egypt. He served as Professor of Islamic Studies and founding Executive Director of the Institute for Islamic World Studies at Zayed University, UAE. His works have been published in Arabic and translated into English, Spanish, Hungarian, Kurdish, Persian, and Urdu. His research concentrates on Islamic traditions and political thought, the history of Islamic cultures, political development, and comparative political systems. He received a PhD degree in political science (1995), Cairo University, Egypt, and the University of Maryland, College Park, USA.Abbas Panakkal is a historian currently affiliated with the School of History, University of St Andrews, UK. He serves as a member of the advisory board for the Religious Life and Belief Centre at the University of Surrey, UK. Panakkal is presently engaged in a research project that explores the diverse processes of integration and indigenization within vernacular communities. He holds the position of Director at the Ibn Battuta International Centre of Intercultural Studies and is also Director of the International Interfaith Initiative. In the past, he was a fellow at Griffith University in Australia. His research encompasses a wide range of subjects, including language, religion, law, indigenization, integration, interreligious engagements, and intercultural cooperation.

• List of figures viiList of contributors viiiIntroduction: Southeast Asian Islam – Integration and indigenisation 1Nasr M. Arif and Abbas PanakkalPART ITheology, Jurisprudence, and Traditions 111 Arrival, adoption, and adaptation: integrating Islam in maritime Southeast Asia 13Carool Kersten2 Living sunna: scholars, community leaders, and the integration of Islam in Java 37Ismail Fajrie Alatas3 Islamic jurisprudence and adat in Southeast Asia 61R. Michael Feener4 Integration of South Asia within Southeast Asian traditions 86Abbas PanakkalPART IIState and Society 1195 Integration of Islam into the Malay and Bugis-Makassar kingdoms 121Muhamad Ali6 Muslim women’s dress in Southeast Asia: Islamic law, fashion, and national identity 143Euis Nurlaelawati and Nina Mariani Noor7 Muslim cosmopolitanism in Southeast Asia: marketplaces as sites of interaction and integration 167Khairudin AljuniedPART IIIArchitecture, Arts, and New Cultures 1878 Cultural adaptation and integration: Islam in Southeast Asia 189Anthony Reid9 Pondok education, public discourse, and cultural pluralism in Malaysia and Indonesia 208Azmil Tayeb10 The Islamic art of Southeast Asia 234Robert Hillenbrand11 The mosques of Southeast Asia: a narrative of representation and negotiation 263Tutin AryantiIndex 290

Nasr M. Arif is Visiting Professor at St Andrews University, UK, and Professor of Political Science at Cairo University in Egypt. He served as Professor of Islamic Studies and founding Executive Director of the Institute for Islamic World Studies at Zayed University, UAE. His works have been published in Arabic and translated into English, Spanish, Hungarian, Kurdish, Persian, and Urdu. His research concentrates on Islamic traditions and political thought, the history of Islamic cultures, political development, and comparative political systems. He received a PhD degree in political science (1995), Cairo University, Egypt, and the University of Maryland, College Park, USA.Abbas Panakkal is a historian currently affiliated with the School of History, University of St Andrews, UK. He serves as a member of the advisory board for the Religious Life and Belief Centre at the University of Surrey, UK. Panakkal is presently engaged in a research project that explores the diverse processes of integration and indigenization within vernacular communities. He holds the position of Director at the Ibn Battuta International Centre of Intercultural Studies and is also Director of the International Interfaith Initiative. In the past, he was a fellow at Griffith University in Australia. His research encompasses a wide range of subjects, including language, religion, law, indigenization, integration, interreligious engagements, and intercultural cooperation.

• List of figures viiList of contributors viiiIntroduction: Southeast Asian Islam – Integration and indigenisation 1Nasr M. Arif and Abbas PanakkalPART ITheology, Jurisprudence, and Traditions 111 Arrival, adoption, and adaptation: integrating Islam in maritime Southeast Asia 13Carool Kersten2 Living sunna: scholars, community leaders, and the integration of Islam in Java 37Ismail Fajrie Alatas3 Islamic jurisprudence and adat in Southeast Asia 61R. Michael Feener4 Integration of South Asia within Southeast Asian traditions 86Abbas PanakkalPART IIState and Society 1195 Integration of Islam into the Malay and Bugis-Makassar kingdoms 121Muhamad Ali6 Muslim women’s dress in Southeast Asia: Islamic law, fashion, and national identity 143Euis Nurlaelawati and Nina Mariani Noor7 Muslim cosmopolitanism in Southeast Asia: marketplaces as sites of interaction and integration 167Khairudin AljuniedPART IIIArchitecture, Arts, and New Cultures 1878 Cultural adaptation and integration: Islam in Southeast Asia 189Anthony Reid9 Pondok education, public discourse, and cultural pluralism in Malaysia and Indonesia 208Azmil Tayeb10 The Islamic art of Southeast Asia 234Robert Hillenbrand11 The mosques of Southeast Asia: a narrative of representation and negotiation 263Tutin AryantiIndex 290

Nasr M. Arif is Visiting Professor at St Andrews University, UK, and Professor of Political Science at Cairo University in Egypt. He served as Professor of Islamic Studies and founding Executive Director of the Institute for Islamic World Studies at Zayed University, UAE. His works have been published in Arabic and translated into English, Spanish, Hungarian, Kurdish, Persian, and Urdu. His research concentrates on Islamic traditions and political thought, the history of Islamic cultures, political development, and comparative political systems. He received a PhD degree in political science (1995), Cairo University, Egypt, and the University of Maryland, College Park, USA.Abbas Panakkal is a historian currently affiliated with the School of History, University of St Andrews, UK. He serves as a member of the advisory board for the Religious Life and Belief Centre at the University of Surrey, UK. Panakkal is presently engaged in a research project that explores the diverse processes of integration and indigenization within vernacular communities. He holds the position of Director at the Ibn Battuta International Centre of Intercultural Studies and is also Director of the International Interfaith Initiative. In the past, he was a fellow at Griffith University in Australia. His research encompasses a wide range of subjects, including language, religion, law, indigenization, integration, interreligious engagements, and intercultural cooperation.

• List of figures viiList of contributors viiiIntroduction: Southeast Asian Islam – Integration and indigenisation 1Nasr M. Arif and Abbas PanakkalPART ITheology, Jurisprudence, and Traditions 111 Arrival, adoption, and adaptation: integrating Islam in maritime Southeast Asia 13Carool Kersten2 Living sunna: scholars, community leaders, and the integration of Islam in Java 37Ismail Fajrie Alatas3 Islamic jurisprudence and adat in Southeast Asia 61R. Michael Feener4 Integration of South Asia within Southeast Asian traditions 86Abbas PanakkalPART IIState and Society 1195 Integration of Islam into the Malay and Bugis-Makassar kingdoms 121Muhamad Ali6 Muslim women’s dress in Southeast Asia: Islamic law, fashion, and national identity 143Euis Nurlaelawati and Nina Mariani Noor7 Muslim cosmopolitanism in Southeast Asia: marketplaces as sites of interaction and integration 167Khairudin AljuniedPART IIIArchitecture, Arts, and New Cultures 1878 Cultural adaptation and integration: Islam in Southeast Asia 189Anthony Reid9 Pondok education, public discourse, and cultural pluralism in Malaysia and Indonesia 208Azmil Tayeb10 The Islamic art of Southeast Asia 234Robert Hillenbrand11 The mosques of Southeast Asia: a narrative of representation and negotiation 263Tutin AryantiIndex 290