Madhulika Sahoo is an anthropologist by training and is currently working as Assistant Professor (OPSC) at the Department of Anthropology, Kalahandi University, Odisha, India. She is also Director, Student Welfare and Placement, and syndicate member of Kalahandi University, Government of Odisha. Dr Sahoo has more than eight years of experience working in the development sector focusing on forced migrants and tribal development in India and the United Kingdom. She is also a managing editor of Avoidable Deaths Network.S. Jeyavelu is a management scholar, academician, process facilitator, consultant, and coach. He is currently working as Professor and Director, GITAM School of Business, GITAM, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. He was the founding Dean, VIT-AP School of Business, VIT-AP University, Andhra Pradesh, India, where he started India’s first BBA programme with Liberal Arts foundation (2018–2021).Anjali Kurane is Senior Professor and Head, Department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India. Professor Kurane has over 30 years of teaching experience and 16 years of administrative experience in the capacity of Former Dean, Faculty of Humanities; Director of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences; Coordinator for Social Sciences and Humanities; and member of the Statutory Authorities of a University Board of Studies, Academic Council, Senate. She is also a member of the statutory authorities of university board of studies, academic council, and senate. She has received two awards and recognitions at international levels as Staff Fellow to Oxford Brookes University, the UK, and Ghent University, Belgium.

• List of Figures List of Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction MADHULIKA SAHOO, S. JEYAVELU AND ANJALI KURANEPART IAn Insight into Ethnography 1 Ethnography: A Progressive Methodological Approach MADHULIKA SAHOO AND ANJALI KURANE2 Emic and Etic Approaches in Conventional and Contemporary Social Science Research NAVANEETA RATH3 Ethnographic Case Study Research: The Scope and Limits of Empirical Data SATTWICK DEY BISWAS4 Ethical Issues in Ethnographic Research: A Methodological Practice in the Field SUMAHAN BANDYOPADHYAY5 Ethnographic Techniques in Social Sciences Research AMRITA SAHU AND MADHULIKA SAHOO6 Ethnographic Research in Social Sciences: Using RQDA (CAQDAS) for Data Analysis SURJIT KUMAR KAR AND DEBASMITA PANIGRAHIPART IIEthnography Then and Now: Use of Ethnography in Allied Disciplines 7 Ethnography in Education: Ethnographic Research Methods in Understanding Classroom Pedagogies JULIE LUCILLE DEL VALLE8 Linguistic and Cultural Diversity: An Ethnographic Approach to Teaching and Learning of Language TANNISTHA DASGUPTA9 The Cultural Basis of Human Behaviour and EthnographyBHASWATI PATNAIK10 Ethnography and Health Research: The Ins and Outs SHRUTI SINGH SAXENA AND NISHANT SAXENA11 International Border Studies and Ethnography Research ChallengesRATNA DHAR12 Ethnography and Artificial Intelligence S. SUMATHI, S. MANJUBARKAVI AND P. GUNANITHI13 Exploring Hybrid Organizing through Organizational Ethnography SUSHANTA KUMAR SARMAPART IIIFrom Theory to Practice: Sharing Ethnography Fieldwork Experiences 14 The ‘Reflexive Rapport’ in a Participatory Ethnography: Research with Children Living in a Bangladeshi Slum ROSIE YASMIN15 Smart City Stories: A Case Study of a City in South India KANAKA HIMABINDU POTTUMUTHU AND HARIPRIYA NARASIMHAN16 Digital Ethnography: Opportunity and Challenges in Applying for Tribal Development SHREE BHAGWAN ROY17 Recovering Health through Identity: The Sési Irékani–Buen Vivir in México for the P’urhépecha People MARCO RICARDO TÉLLEZ CABRERA18 An Exploratory Study of Witchcraft among Munda Tribes of Betakocha in India PRITA DAS GUPTA, DHEESHANA S. JAYASUNDARA AND EWAN DUARTE19 Social Construction of Gender and Ethnography: An Ethnographic Case Study on Primary Educational Institutions of Rural Bangladesh TATA ZAFAR20 From Prescription to Application: Using Grounded Theory-based Methods to Study Social Enterprises ANKITA TANDONIndex

Madhulika Sahoo is an anthropologist by training and is currently working as Assistant Professor (OPSC) at the Department of Anthropology, Kalahandi University, Odisha, India. She is also Director, Student Welfare and Placement, and syndicate member of Kalahandi University, Government of Odisha. Dr Sahoo has more than eight years of experience working in the development sector focusing on forced migrants and tribal development in India and the United Kingdom. She is also a managing editor of Avoidable Deaths Network.S. Jeyavelu is a management scholar, academician, process facilitator, consultant, and coach. He is currently working as Professor and Director, GITAM School of Business, GITAM, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. He was the founding Dean, VIT-AP School of Business, VIT-AP University, Andhra Pradesh, India, where he started India’s first BBA programme with Liberal Arts foundation (2018–2021).Anjali Kurane is Senior Professor and Head, Department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India. Professor Kurane has over 30 years of teaching experience and 16 years of administrative experience in the capacity of Former Dean, Faculty of Humanities; Director of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences; Coordinator for Social Sciences and Humanities; and member of the Statutory Authorities of a University Board of Studies, Academic Council, Senate. She is also a member of the statutory authorities of university board of studies, academic council, and senate. She has received two awards and recognitions at international levels as Staff Fellow to Oxford Brookes University, the UK, and Ghent University, Belgium.

• List of Figures List of Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction MADHULIKA SAHOO, S. JEYAVELU AND ANJALI KURANEPART IAn Insight into Ethnography 1 Ethnography: A Progressive Methodological Approach MADHULIKA SAHOO AND ANJALI KURANE2 Emic and Etic Approaches in Conventional and Contemporary Social Science Research NAVANEETA RATH3 Ethnographic Case Study Research: The Scope and Limits of Empirical Data SATTWICK DEY BISWAS4 Ethical Issues in Ethnographic Research: A Methodological Practice in the Field SUMAHAN BANDYOPADHYAY5 Ethnographic Techniques in Social Sciences Research AMRITA SAHU AND MADHULIKA SAHOO6 Ethnographic Research in Social Sciences: Using RQDA (CAQDAS) for Data Analysis SURJIT KUMAR KAR AND DEBASMITA PANIGRAHIPART IIEthnography Then and Now: Use of Ethnography in Allied Disciplines 7 Ethnography in Education: Ethnographic Research Methods in Understanding Classroom Pedagogies JULIE LUCILLE DEL VALLE8 Linguistic and Cultural Diversity: An Ethnographic Approach to Teaching and Learning of Language TANNISTHA DASGUPTA9 The Cultural Basis of Human Behaviour and EthnographyBHASWATI PATNAIK10 Ethnography and Health Research: The Ins and Outs SHRUTI SINGH SAXENA AND NISHANT SAXENA11 International Border Studies and Ethnography Research ChallengesRATNA DHAR12 Ethnography and Artificial Intelligence S. SUMATHI, S. MANJUBARKAVI AND P. GUNANITHI13 Exploring Hybrid Organizing through Organizational Ethnography SUSHANTA KUMAR SARMAPART IIIFrom Theory to Practice: Sharing Ethnography Fieldwork Experiences 14 The ‘Reflexive Rapport’ in a Participatory Ethnography: Research with Children Living in a Bangladeshi Slum ROSIE YASMIN15 Smart City Stories: A Case Study of a City in South India KANAKA HIMABINDU POTTUMUTHU AND HARIPRIYA NARASIMHAN16 Digital Ethnography: Opportunity and Challenges in Applying for Tribal Development SHREE BHAGWAN ROY17 Recovering Health through Identity: The Sési Irékani–Buen Vivir in México for the P’urhépecha People MARCO RICARDO TÉLLEZ CABRERA18 An Exploratory Study of Witchcraft among Munda Tribes of Betakocha in India PRITA DAS GUPTA, DHEESHANA S. JAYASUNDARA AND EWAN DUARTE19 Social Construction of Gender and Ethnography: An Ethnographic Case Study on Primary Educational Institutions of Rural Bangladesh TATA ZAFAR20 From Prescription to Application: Using Grounded Theory-based Methods to Study Social Enterprises ANKITA TANDONIndex

Madhulika Sahoo is an anthropologist by training and is currently working as Assistant Professor (OPSC) at the Department of Anthropology, Kalahandi University, Odisha, India. She is also Director, Student Welfare and Placement, and syndicate member of Kalahandi University, Government of Odisha. Dr Sahoo has more than eight years of experience working in the development sector focusing on forced migrants and tribal development in India and the United Kingdom. She is also a managing editor of Avoidable Deaths Network.S. Jeyavelu is a management scholar, academician, process facilitator, consultant, and coach. He is currently working as Professor and Director, GITAM School of Business, GITAM, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. He was the founding Dean, VIT-AP School of Business, VIT-AP University, Andhra Pradesh, India, where he started India’s first BBA programme with Liberal Arts foundation (2018–2021).Anjali Kurane is Senior Professor and Head, Department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India. Professor Kurane has over 30 years of teaching experience and 16 years of administrative experience in the capacity of Former Dean, Faculty of Humanities; Director of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences; Coordinator for Social Sciences and Humanities; and member of the Statutory Authorities of a University Board of Studies, Academic Council, Senate. She is also a member of the statutory authorities of university board of studies, academic council, and senate. She has received two awards and recognitions at international levels as Staff Fellow to Oxford Brookes University, the UK, and Ghent University, Belgium.

• List of Figures List of Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction MADHULIKA SAHOO, S. JEYAVELU AND ANJALI KURANEPART IAn Insight into Ethnography 1 Ethnography: A Progressive Methodological Approach MADHULIKA SAHOO AND ANJALI KURANE2 Emic and Etic Approaches in Conventional and Contemporary Social Science Research NAVANEETA RATH3 Ethnographic Case Study Research: The Scope and Limits of Empirical Data SATTWICK DEY BISWAS4 Ethical Issues in Ethnographic Research: A Methodological Practice in the Field SUMAHAN BANDYOPADHYAY5 Ethnographic Techniques in Social Sciences Research AMRITA SAHU AND MADHULIKA SAHOO6 Ethnographic Research in Social Sciences: Using RQDA (CAQDAS) for Data Analysis SURJIT KUMAR KAR AND DEBASMITA PANIGRAHIPART IIEthnography Then and Now: Use of Ethnography in Allied Disciplines 7 Ethnography in Education: Ethnographic Research Methods in Understanding Classroom Pedagogies JULIE LUCILLE DEL VALLE8 Linguistic and Cultural Diversity: An Ethnographic Approach to Teaching and Learning of Language TANNISTHA DASGUPTA9 The Cultural Basis of Human Behaviour and EthnographyBHASWATI PATNAIK10 Ethnography and Health Research: The Ins and Outs SHRUTI SINGH SAXENA AND NISHANT SAXENA11 International Border Studies and Ethnography Research ChallengesRATNA DHAR12 Ethnography and Artificial Intelligence S. SUMATHI, S. MANJUBARKAVI AND P. GUNANITHI13 Exploring Hybrid Organizing through Organizational Ethnography SUSHANTA KUMAR SARMAPART IIIFrom Theory to Practice: Sharing Ethnography Fieldwork Experiences 14 The ‘Reflexive Rapport’ in a Participatory Ethnography: Research with Children Living in a Bangladeshi Slum ROSIE YASMIN15 Smart City Stories: A Case Study of a City in South India KANAKA HIMABINDU POTTUMUTHU AND HARIPRIYA NARASIMHAN16 Digital Ethnography: Opportunity and Challenges in Applying for Tribal Development SHREE BHAGWAN ROY17 Recovering Health through Identity: The Sési Irékani–Buen Vivir in México for the P’urhépecha People MARCO RICARDO TÉLLEZ CABRERA18 An Exploratory Study of Witchcraft among Munda Tribes of Betakocha in India PRITA DAS GUPTA, DHEESHANA S. JAYASUNDARA AND EWAN DUARTE19 Social Construction of Gender and Ethnography: An Ethnographic Case Study on Primary Educational Institutions of Rural Bangladesh TATA ZAFAR20 From Prescription to Application: Using Grounded Theory-based Methods to Study Social Enterprises ANKITA TANDONIndex