Individual Latent Error Detection (I-LED)

Justin Saward is a Chartered Engineer with an MSc in Human Factors & Safety Assessment in Aeronautics from Cranfield University and a PhD from the University of Southampton. He is an air engineer in the Royal Navy where he currently works as a safety specialist delivering safety strategy across naval operations. Professor Neville A Stanton, PhD, is a Chartered Psychologist, Chartered Engineer and a Chartered Ergonomist, and holds the Chair in Human Factors in the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at the University of Southampton. He has degrees in Psychology, Applied Psychology and Human Factors and has worked at the Universities of Aston, Brunel, Cornell and MIT. His research interests include modelling, predicting and analysing human performance in transport systems as well as designing the interfaces between humans and technology. Professor Stanton has worked on cockpit design in automobiles and aircraft over the past 25 years, working on a variety of automation projects. He has published 30 books and over 250 journal papers on Ergonomics and Human Factors, and is currently an editor of the peer-reviewed journal Ergonomics. In 1998 he was awarded the Institution of Electrical Engineers Divisional Premium Award for a co-authored paper on Engineering Psychology and System Safety. The Institution of Ergonomics and Human Factors awarded him The Otto Edholm Medal in 2001, The President¹s Medal in 2008 and The Sir Frederic Bartlett Medal in 2012 for his contribution to basic and applied ergonomics research. The Royal Aeronautical Society awarded him and his colleagues the Hodgson Prize and Bronze Medal in 2006 for research on design-induced flight-deck error published in The Aeronautical Journal. The University of Southampton has awarded him a Doctor of Science (DSc) in 2014 for his sustained contribution to the development and validation of Human Factors methods.

"For all its academic rigour, this book is surprisingly easy to read. Understanding is helped by the regular references to real-life situations that keep the narrative grounded in the here and now. The authors also apply good academic discipline by challenging the validity of their approach and looking to find flaws in their own research method. All the questionnaires, self-report forms and other key documents they used are included, as are photos of typical maintenance operations."- IOSH Magazine, April 2019

• 1. Introduction. 2. Application of Multi-Process Theory to I-LED Research. 3. Rationalising Systems Thinking with the Term ‘Human Error’ for Progressive Safety Research. 4. Observing I-LED Events in the Workplace. 5. A Time and a Place for the Recall of Past Errors. 6. A Golden Two Hours for I-LED. 7. I-LED Interventions: Visual, Verbal and a Stop, Look and Listen Approach. 8. Organisational Resilience through a Total Safety Management Approach to System Safety. 9. Assessing the Benefits of I-LED Interventions. 10. Future Work and Wider Applications of I-LED.