Animation in Spain

Maria Pagès Rovira specializes in Spanish animation, holding a PhD in Animation from Universitat de Vic‑UCC. She teaches 2D Animation in Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, and she is a member of the Research Group Dicode in the Centre de la Imatge i la Tecnologia Multimèdia.

• 1. Introduction, 2. From Trick Films to Cels (1906-1915): Early Spanish Animation, 3. The Arrival of American Techniques (1915-1939): Advertising Introduces Factory Production-Line Routines, 4. The Golden Age of Spanish Animation (1939-1951), 5. From Short Production to Long-Form Animated Film (1945-1952), 6. The Decline of Feature Films and the Emergence of Contemporary Advertising Strategies (1952-1966), 7. Television, Inner Market, and Underground Economy (1966-1975), 8. The Opposing Ways to Face Outsourcing in the 1960s and 1970s: Cruz Delgado Studio and Filman, 9. The Resurgence of Regional Autonomy in the Post-Dictatorship Era and the Basque Production after 1975, 10. Final Splendor of Spanish Traditional Animation (1975-1990), 11. Maite Ruiz de Austri, a Fruitful Director, 12. Hybridization of 2D and 3D: Studios and Periodization, 13. Women Association and Government Subsidies: Looking for Equality, 14. Conclusions, Appendix 1. Interview with Carles and Jordi Grangel (Grangel Studio), Appendix 2. Discussion Session with Isabel Herguera, Director of Sultana’s Dream (2023)