Sandra Kröger is a lecturer in the politics department of the University of Exeter, UK.Dawid Friedrich is based at the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany.

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• 1. Introduction: the representative turn in EU studies 2. Democratic representation in the EU: two kinds of subjectivity 3. Unequal but democratic? Equality according to Karlsruhe 4. Three models of democracy, political community and representation in the EU 5. Representation as delegation: a basis for EU democracy? 6. No representation without justification? Appraising standards of justification in European Parliament debates 7. Mediatized representative politics in the European Union: towards audience democracy? 8. Representative claims analysis: theory meets method

Sandra Kröger is a lecturer in the politics department of the University of Exeter, UK.Dawid Friedrich is based at the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction: the representative turn in EU studies 2. Democratic representation in the EU: two kinds of subjectivity 3. Unequal but democratic? Equality according to Karlsruhe 4. Three models of democracy, political community and representation in the EU 5. Representation as delegation: a basis for EU democracy? 6. No representation without justification? Appraising standards of justification in European Parliament debates 7. Mediatized representative politics in the European Union: towards audience democracy? 8. Representative claims analysis: theory meets method

Sandra Kröger is a lecturer in the politics department of the University of Exeter, UK.Dawid Friedrich is based at the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction: the representative turn in EU studies 2. Democratic representation in the EU: two kinds of subjectivity 3. Unequal but democratic? Equality according to Karlsruhe 4. Three models of democracy, political community and representation in the EU 5. Representation as delegation: a basis for EU democracy? 6. No representation without justification? Appraising standards of justification in European Parliament debates 7. Mediatized representative politics in the European Union: towards audience democracy? 8. Representative claims analysis: theory meets method